scholarly journals On chronicle and recent exploit of a special clone of free energy (hyper) beneficial to thermodynamic description of partially open geological, metallurgical and other nonstoichiometric systems

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 249-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sesták
Keyword(s):  
Free Energy ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Thermodynamic Description ◽  
Systems Development ◽  
Geologic Materials ◽  
Definition Of

Founding and determination of thermodynamic functions related to solid often geologic materials is traced showing interactions between Czech Professor F. Wald and Russian R.S. Kurnakov and D.S. Korzhinski? in the early definition of phases and characterization of partly open systems. Development of thermodynamic notions regarding solid-state-gas description by P. Holba is reviewed showing its consequence in geology and metallurgy. For the joint definition of operate of mobile components the hyper-free energy was developed and recently put into function in nonstoichmetric systems. Novel even if unusual term of the associated new variable plutability is explained. Instigators of modern thermodynamic educate in both the Czechia and Serbia is made more noticeable.

scholarly journals On Application of Hyperfree Energy for the Description of Thermodynamics of Mobile Components in Nonstoichiometric Partially Open Ceramic Systems

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šesták
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Solid State ◽  
Thermodynamic Functions ◽  
Energy Function ◽  
Initial Phase ◽  
Open Systems ◽  
Superconducting Materials ◽  
Mobile Component ◽  
Definition Of

Nonstoichiometric oxides form a new chapter in tailored materials. Founding and construction of thermodynamic functions related to solid (geologic, metallurgic) materials is traced showing interactions between Czech Professor F. Wald and Russians R.S. Kurnakov and D.S. Korzhinskiĭ and further developed by Czech P. Holba in the initial phase definition and related characterization of partially open systems. A gradual increase in thermodynamic concepts related to solid-state description is investigated in more detail. For the associated thermodynamic definition of the mobile component, the previously formulated hyperfree energy function, which was recently applied to several systems, was used. As a measure of the material disposition for the absorption of the free component, an innovative term of plutability is proposed, which allows the introduction of various forecaster variables such as temperature, pressure, and activity. Examples of practical application are examples of high-temperature superconducting materials, where the Czech school of thermodynamics is emphasized.

Applications of the Global Coordinate System

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Balasko
Keyword(s):  
Coordinate System ◽  
Critical Points ◽  
Global Coordinate System ◽  
Coordinate Systems ◽  
Analytical Characterization ◽  
Equilibrium Manifold ◽  
System P ◽  
Definition Of

The global coordinate system for the equilibrium manifold follows from: (1) the determination of the unique fiber F(b) through the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) where b = φ‎((ρ‎, ω‎) = (ρ‎, ρ‎ · ρ‎1, …, ρ‎ · ρ‎m); and (2) the determination of the location of the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) within the fiber F(b) viewed as a linear space of dimension (ℓ − 1)(m − 1) and, therefore, parameterized by (ℓ − 1)(m − 1) coordinates. If there is little leeway in determining the fiber F(b) through the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎), there are different ways of representing the equilibrium (ρ‎, ω‎) within its fiber F(b). This leads to the definition of coordinate systems (A) and (B) for the equilibrium manifold. This chapter defines these two coordinate systems and applies them to obtain an analytical characterization of the critical equilibria, i.e., the critical points of the natural projection.

Numerical Simulation of Offshore Pipeline Installation by Lateral Deflection Procedure

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danilo Machado Lawinscky da Silva ◽  
Rodrigo Almeida Bahiense ◽  
Breno Pinheriro Jacob ◽  
Fernando Gomes da Silva Torres ◽  
Antonio Roberto Medeiros ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Numerical Simulations ◽  
Computational Tool ◽  
Lateral Deflection ◽  
Correct Definition ◽  
Offshore Pipeline ◽  
Definition Of

Conventional offshore pipeline installation operations in Brazil have been performed in an S-Lay procedure employing the BGL-1 barge, owned by Petrobras. However, this procedure has some limits, and may not be feasible in some particular scenarios. Therefore, the objective of this work is to present the numerical simulation of an alternative pipeline installation procedure. This procedure basically consists of performing the pipeline assembly on shore, and deflecting it to the sea using a tug boat. The numerical simulations employ the SITUA-Prosim computational tool, which is able to incorporate the correct definition of the seabed and shore from bathymetric curves. An actual pipeline installation by this lateral deflection procedure is analyzed and discussed. The characterization of the procedure passes through the determination of the better velocity and direction of the tug boat in order to minimize the efforts on the pipeline (especially due to the curvatures).

scholarly journals SOLID STATE CHARACTERIZATION OF A NOVEL PHYSICAL INTERACTION (PARACETAMOL-CHLORPHENIRAMINE MALEATE)

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Iyan Sopyan ◽  
Intan Mutiara Sari ◽  
Insan Sunan K.
Keyword(s):  
Solid State ◽  
Pure Substance ◽  
Physical Interaction ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Pharmaceutical Dosage Form ◽  
Pharmaceutical Ingredients ◽  
Ft Ir

Objective: Interactions of active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as well as pharmaceutical excipients don’t occur in a pharmaceutical dosage form. Base on structures of paracetamol (PCT) and chlorphenamine maleate (CTM), its combination is possible to give a physical interaction in the solid state. This study was conducted to investigate the physical interaction of PCT and CTM in the solid state.Methods: Characterization used the polarization microscope, solubility test, powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD) to observe peak shifting in 2Ɵ angle, and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) to examine wavenumber shifting.Results: Results of solubility exhibited an increased solubility percentage with increasing concentration. Polarization microscope analysis presented a combination of crystal morphology after the two substances were mixed in an equimolar ratio. The result of melting point determination of each pure substance was 172 °C for PCT, 132 °C for CTM, and 170 °C for the mixture of the two substances in various ratios. Diffractogram showed the shifting at angle 2Ɵ: 20.715, 19.355-23.500 and 21.840, 26.455-20.330 for concentration ratio of PCT: CTM in (132:0.5) and (330:1) respectively and any change in the functional group was observed from infrared spectrum.Conclusion: All evaluation of PCT and CTM in the solid state has exhibited the interaction in solid condition.

scholarly journals Weighing in motion and characterization of the railroad traffic with using the B-WIM technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-506
Author(s):  
J. A. DE CARVALHO NETO ◽  
L. A. C. M. VELOSO
Keyword(s):  
Finite Elements ◽  
Constitutive Equation ◽  
Moving Load ◽  
Dynamic Effect ◽  
Weigh In Motion ◽  
Bridge Weigh In Motion ◽  
The One ◽  
Definition Of

AbstractThe knowledge on the active moving load of a bridge is crucial for the achievement of the information on the behavior of the structure, and thus foresee maintenance, repairs and better definition of the logistics of its active vehicles. This paper presents the development of the algorithms for the application of the Bridge-Weigh In Motion (B-WIM) method created by Moses for the weighing of trains during motion and also for the characterization of the rail traffic, allowing the obtainment of information like passage's train velocity and number and spacing of axles, eliminating the dynamic effect. There were implemented algorithms for the determination of the data referring to the geometry of the train and its loads, which were evaluated using a theoretical example, in which it was simulated the passage of the train over a bridge and the loads of its axles were determined with one hundred percent of precision. In addition, it was made a numerical example in finite elements of a reinforced concrete viaduct from the Carajás' Railroad, in which the developed system reached great results on the characterization and weighing of the locomotive when the constitutive equation of the Brazilian Standards was substituted by the one proposed by Collins and Mitchell.

scholarly journals Some problems of characterization of a solid surface via the surface free energy changes

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 647-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emil Chibowski
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Free Energy ◽  
Experimental Determination ◽  
Surface Free Energy ◽  
Solid Surface ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Absolute Value ◽  
Receding Contact

During the processes occurring at a solid surface, the changes in the surface free energy take place. The knowledge about surface free energy is very helpful for understanding the processes taking place on the surface. However, experimental determination of solid surface free energy is still not a fully solved problem. In this paper, some problems dealing with calculation of solid surface free energy from contact angle are discussed based on literature values of advancing and receding contact angles measured on four different fluoropolymers surface. The four approaches most often used for the calculation are described and especial focus on the approach in which both the advancing and receding contact angles is paid. It is concluded that using probing liquids the absolute value of solid surface free energy cannot be determined. However, the determined apparent values of the energy are very helpful to understand the conditions necessary for a given process to occur.

The Theft of Cargo of Railway Rolling Stock: Issues of Criminal Characterization and Investigation

2019 ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Denis Grishin ◽  
Mariya Vilacheva ◽  
Irina Soshnikova
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Rail Transport ◽  
Rolling Stock ◽  
Legal Literature ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Railway Rolling Stock

In the academic and educational criminal and legal literature, special attention is paid to crimes committed on rail transport. The statistics provided by the official website of the Prosecutor General’s Office of the Russian Federation confirms that the majority of these crimes are thefts. In the study, the issues of characterization of these crimes are analyzed, as well as their elements. Particular attention is paid to the subject of the crime: in most crimes it is special, and this also affects the characterization of such theft. Given the variability of approaches to qualifying of thefts, the authors propose their own definition of such theft. The methods of investigation of the above-mentioned thefts are examined. The authors cite various investigative situations arising on different stages of investigation and note that the characterization of theft of cargo of railway rolling stock, as well as determination of the range of people potentially involved in the crime, depends on where, when and how it was committed, what are the amount and the value of the property stolen, and whether the crimes are multiple.

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