Parasitic infections of digestive tract of dogs in territory of Branicevo District

This paper presents the results of two-year investigations of parasitic infections of the digestive tract of dogs originating from the territories of eight municipalities of Branicevo District. Investigations were performed on 345 dogs of different breeds and age categories, originating from rural and urban environments. The investigations encompassed dogs bred in decent hygiene conditions, as well as dogs living in unhygienic conditions. Some of the dogs covered by these analyses were dewormed, but the bulk of the sampled material originated from dogs that were not treated with antihelminthics. Eight species of parasites of the digestive tract were diagnosed in the examined dogs from the territory of the Branicevo District: Toxocara canis, Ancylostoma caninum, Uncinaria stenocephala, Trichuris vulpis, coccidiae, Dipylidium caninum, Taenia spp. and Alaria alata. Today, it is still necessary to keep dogs in rural environments and isolated areas, since these animals are used to guard real estate and cattle. For quite some time now, there has also been wide-spread interest in keeping dogs in urban areas as well. It is evident on the grounds of data from big towns that the number of dogs in urban environments has been increasing constantly all over the world. However, the conditions for naturally maintaining dogs in towns have become increasingly more difficult and complicated. The amount of free space and the number of yards are constantly being reduced, so that dog owners are compelled to keep their pets in apartments. These altered living and diet conditions have resulted in more complex and varied health problems of dogs.

Download Full-text

Damage assessment mapping of rural environments; integration of SAR and Optical data

10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9202 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Shiran Havivi ◽

Stanley R. Rotman ◽

Dan G. Blumberg ◽

Shimrit Maman

Keyword(s):

Natural Disaster ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Damage Assessment ◽

Vegetation Index ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Optical Data ◽

Damage Level ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Rural And Urban

The damage caused by a natural disaster in rural areas differs in nature, extent, landscape and in structure, from the damage in urban environments. Previous and current studies focus mainly on mapping damaged structures in urban areas after catastrophe events such as an earthquake or tsunami. Yet, research focusing on the damage level or its distribution in rural areas is absent. In order to apply an emergency response and for effective disaster management, it is necessary to understand and characterize the nature of the damage in each different environment.&#160;Havivi et al. (2018), published a damage assessment algorithm that makes use of SAR images combined with optical data, for rapid mapping and compiling a damage assessment map following a natural disaster. The affected areas are analyzed using interferometric SAR (InSAR) coherence. To overcome the loss of coherence caused by changes in vegetation, optical images are used to produce a mask by computing the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and removing the vegetated area from the scene. Due to the differences in geomorphological settings and landuse\landcover between rural and urban settlements, the above algorithm is modified and adjusted by inserting the Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) to better suit rural environments and their unique response after a disaster. MNDWI is used for detection, identification and extraction of waterbodies (such as irrigation canals, streams, rivers, lakes, etc.), allowing their removal which causes lack of coherence at the post stage of the event. Furthermore, it is used as an indicator for highlighting prone regions that might be severely affected pre disaster event. Thresholds are determined for the co-event coherence map (&#8804; 0.5), the NDVI (&#8805; 0.4) and the MNDWI (&#8805; 0), and the three layers are combined into one. Based on the combined map, a damage assessment map is generated.&#160;As a case study, this algorithm was applied to the areas affected by multi-hazard event, following the Sulawesi earthquake and subsequent tsunami in Palu, Indonesia, which occurred on September 28th, 2018. High-resolution COSMO-SkyMed images pre and post the event, alongside a Sentinel-2 image pre- event are used as inputs. The output damage assessment map provides a quantitative assessment and spatial distribution of the damage in both the rural and urban environments. The results highlight the applicability of the algorithm for a variety of disaster events and sensors. In addition, the results enhance the contribution of the water component to the analysis pre and post the event in rural areas. Thus, while in urban regions the spatial extent of the damage will occur in its proximity to the coastline or the fault, rural regions, even in significant distance will experience extensive damage due secondary hazards as liquefaction processes.&#160; &#160; &#160;

Download Full-text

Urban Countryside Biogeography: a decade of comparing the avifauna of a Sydney suburb and reserve

Pacific Conservation Biology ◽

10.1071/pc070069 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 69 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Paul R. Ehrlich

Keyword(s):

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Environments ◽

The Other ◽

Natural Areas ◽

Quarter Century ◽

The Past ◽

Countryside Biogeography ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Human Enterprise

As the human enterprise expands, the task of preserving biodiversity increasingly must be carried out in areas heavily modified by humanity ? the domain of countryside biogeography (Daily 2001; Daily et al. 2001). Countrysides normally are thought of as rural environments. The dividing line between rural and urban is often blurred by suburbs; urban environments represent the expanding end of a continuum of disturbance, the other end of which is the shrinking domain of relatively undisturbed natural areas and wilderness. Because of the growing preponderance of urbanization, ecologists over the past quarter century have increasingly turned their attention to conservation in urban areas.

Download Full-text

Parasitic contamination of urban and rural environments in the Slovak Republic: dog’s excrements as a source

Helminthologia ◽

10.2478/s11687-014-0241-8 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 273-280 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

I. Papajová ◽

J. Pipiková ◽

J. Papaj ◽

A. Čižmár

Keyword(s):

Slovak Republic ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Public Parks ◽

Public Places ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Faecal Samples ◽

One Year ◽

Trichuris Vulpis ◽

Toxascaris Leonina

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the possibility of soil contamination with propagative stages of intestinal endoparasites at different public places (public parks, playgrounds, sandpits, sidewalks, road sides). In a one-year-study, totally 578 dog’s faecal samples from 8 towns (Košice, Trebišov, Veľké Kapušany, Prešov, Snina, Levoča, Zvolen and Trenčín) and 3 villages (Dlhé Stráže, Dravce, Valaliky) were examined for the presence of parasitic germs. 29.9 % of faecal samples were positive. Eight different species of intestinal parasites with following incidence were detected: Toxocara canis (11.9 %), Trichuris vulpis (8.5 %), Ancylostomatidae (8.1 %), Taenia spp. (4.0 %), Toxascaris leonina (3.1 %), Capillaria spp. (1.0 %), Dipylidium caninum (0.2 %) and Coccidia oocysts (0.2 %). Additionally 285 sandpits were examined. Sand samples were collected from Košice (136), Zvolen (38), Trenčín (36), Prešov (30), Veľké Kapušany (24), Snina (15), and village Valaliky (6). The parasitic eggs occurence in the sandpits was as follows: Toxocara spp. (11.8 %), Ancylostomatidae (1.1 %), Taenia type (0.7 %) and Trichuris spp. (0.4 %). The occurrence of Toxocara spp. varied between the urban and rural environments. The highest number of Toxocara spp. was found in village Valaliky (33.3 %) whereas cities showed lesser prevalence (Prešov — 10 %, Košice — 7.4 %, Trenčín — 5.6 %, Zvolen — 5.3 %, Veľké Kapušany — 4.2 %). The epidemiological aspects and health risk factors are also discussed.

Download Full-text

Evidence and theory for lower rates of depression in larger US urban areas

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ◽

10.1073/pnas.2022472118 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 118 (31) ◽

pp. e2022472118

Author(s):

Andrew J. Stier ◽

Kathryn E. Schertz ◽

Nak Won Rim ◽

Carlos Cardenas-Iniguez ◽

Benjamin B. Lahey ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Networks ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Environments ◽

City Size ◽

Built Environments ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Us Cities ◽

Systematic Framework

It is commonly assumed that cities are detrimental to mental health. However, the evidence remains inconsistent and at most, makes the case for differences between rural and urban environments as a whole. Here, we propose a model of depression driven by an individual’s accumulated experience mediated by social networks. The connection between observed systematic variations in socioeconomic networks and built environments with city size provides a link between urbanization and mental health. Surprisingly, this model predicts lower depression rates in larger cities. We confirm this prediction for US cities using four independent datasets. These results are consistent with other behaviors associated with denser socioeconomic networks and suggest that larger cities provide a buffer against depression. This approach introduces a systematic framework for conceptualizing and modeling mental health in complex physical and social networks, producing testable predictions for environmental and social determinants of mental health also applicable to other psychopathologies.

Download Full-text

Різноманіття паразитів м’ясоїдних тварин на території м. Дніпропетровськ

Visnyk of Dnipropetrovsk University Biology medicine ◽

10.15421/021121 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 3-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

О. О. Boyko ◽

L. I. Faly ◽

V. V. Brygadyrenko

Keyword(s):

Toxoplasma Gondii ◽

Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Spirocerca Lupi ◽

Dipylidium Caninum ◽

Trichuris Vulpis

In Dnipropetrovsk sity (Ukraine, Dnipropetrovsk region) in carnivorous animals 10 species of parasites (helminths and coccidia) were found: Uncinaria sp., Ancylostoma sp., Dictyocaulus immitis (Nematoda, Strongylata), Strongyloides stercoralis (Nematoda, Rhabditata), Spirocerca lupi (Nematoda, Spirurata), Toxocara canis (Nematoda, Ascaridata), Trichuris vulpis (Nematoda, Trichurata), Dipylidium caninum (Cestoda, Hymenolepidata), Cystoisospora sp. and Toxoplasma gondii (Sporozoa, Coccidia). In soil S. stercoralisand Uncinaria sp. weredominanted. In most carnivorous animals registered in L. Globa park and T. Shevchenko park the S. stercoralisand Uncinaria sp., Cystoisosporasp. and T. gondii were found.

Download Full-text

A comparison of foraging by Eptesicus fuscus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) in urban and rural environments

Canadian Journal of Zoology ◽

10.1139/z85-040 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 63 (2) ◽

pp. 263-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 68

Author(s):

J. F. Geggie ◽

M. B. Fenton

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Eptesicus Fuscus ◽

Urban Setting ◽

Foraging Activity ◽

Radio Tracking ◽

Urban Habitats ◽

Rural Environments ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Time Away

We compared the foraging activity of populations of Eptesicus fuscus in rural and urban settings in eastern Ontario and western Quebec by monitoring their echolocation calls and by radio tracking individuals during the summer of 1980. Foraging was detected in all of the rural and urban habitats we monitored. There were no significant differences in the levels of foraging activity over different urban habitats, but the overall foraging rates were significantly higher in the rural than in the urban areas. Foraging in rural areas was significantly higher in residential zones and over water and was less common in parkland and farmland. Bats in rural areas foraged among aggregations of insects at lights, a pattern of behaviour not seen among urban bats. Differences in foraging rates and the fact that rural bats spent significantly less time away from their roosts suggest that prey density was lower in the urban setting. Although urban habitats appear to provide E. fuscus with a wealth of roosting sites, food supplies are lower there.

Download Full-text

Rethinking Depression in Cities: Evidence and Theory for Lower Rates in Larger Urban Areas

10.1101/2020.08.20.20179036 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Andrew J Stier ◽

Marc G Berman ◽

Luis M.A. Bettencourt ◽

Kathryn E Schertz ◽

Nak Won Rim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Social Networks ◽

Social Determinants ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Environments ◽

City Size ◽

Built Environments ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Us Cities ◽

Systematic Framework

It is commonly assumed that cities are detrimental to mental health. However, the evidence remains inconsistent and, at most, makes the case for differences between rural and urban environments as a whole. Here, we propose a model of depression driven by an individual's accumulated experience mediated by social networks. The connection between observed systematic variations in socioeconomic networks and built environments with city size provides a link between urbanization and mental health. Surprisingly, this model predicts lower depression rates in larger cities. We confirm this prediction for US cities using three independent datasets. These results are consistent with other behaviors associated with denser socioeconomic networks and suggest that larger cities provide a buffer against depression. This approach introduces a systematic framework for conceptualizing and modeling mental health in complex physical and social networks, producing testable predictions for environmental and social determinants of mental health also applicable to other psychopathologies.

Download Full-text

Functional links between rural and urban areas in the territory of the city of Banja Luka and the perspective of their development

Economics of Sustainable Development ◽

10.5937/esd2002050t ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 49-62

Author(s):

Milan Tomić ◽

Sandra Rover ◽

Bojan Pejović ◽

Nina Uremović

Keyword(s):

Urban Environment ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Urban Environments ◽

Urban Center ◽

Rural And Urban Areas ◽

Rural And Urban ◽

Political Dimensions ◽

Urban And Rural Areas ◽

Banja Luka

Different types of interactions between rural and urban areas have the effect of improving economic, social, cultural and political dimensions in both areas, separating these two areas by their type of activity. Rural and urban types of regions have different resources and means that can be used in a complementary way. In rural-urban interaction there is a possibility of occurrence of conflict of interest of these two areas. This kind of conflict should be overcome when applying the partnership approach between rural and urban areas. The types of rural areas, depending on the proximity of the urban center and the functions of these areas, are divided into suburban, agricultural and remote type areas. By determining the functions of each type of area, the type and intensity of the interactions of rural areas with the urban center are presented. Rural entrepreneurs are able to bridge rural-urban differences, possessing certain market knowledge and descriptions of the characteristics of urban environments, while benefiting from their position. Rural entrepreneurs' interaction with the urban environment can contribute to sustainable economic relations between citizens in urban and rural areas. This paper presents the results of research related to determining the functions of certain areas, their strengths, unused and utilized resources, the frequency of interaction with the urban environment and the perspectives of suburban, agricultural and remote type areas in the context of interaction with the urban environment.

Download Full-text

INTESTINAL PARASITES PRESENT IN CANINE FECAL SAMPLES COLLECTED IN RURAL AREAS OF MUNICIPALITIES IN THE MIDWEST OF SANTA CATARINA, BRAZIL

Revista de Patologia Tropical / Journal of Tropical Pathology ◽

10.5216/rpt.v45i2.41774 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Chaiane Frizzo ◽

Ana Paula Schimidt ◽

Glauber Wagner ◽

Gerson Azulim Muller

Keyword(s):

Rural Areas ◽

Intestinal Parasites ◽

Toxocara Canis ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Fecal Samples ◽

Dipylidium Caninum ◽

Trichuris Vulpis

O estudo das parasitoses intestinais que ocorrem em cães nas áreas rurais do Brasil assume grande importância ante a escassez de trabalhos sobre este assunto. Foram coletadas amostras fecais de cães encontradas no solo de propriedades rurais de alguns municípios da região meio oeste do estado de Santa Catarina. No laboratório, as amostras foram processadas e analisadas pelo método de Hoffman e por centrífugo-flutuação em solução de sacarose. Verificou-se a presença de pelo menos um parasito em 56,0% das amostras. Os seguintes parasitos foram encontrados: Ancylostoma sp., Toxocara canis, Trichuris vulpis, Dipylidium caninum, Giardia sp., Cryptosporidium sp. and Taenia sp. / Echinococcus sp. Estes resultados indicam um nível elevado de contaminação do ambiente rural por parasitos de cães; por conseguinte, os níveis de infecção de cães na área estudada foram também elevados. O quadro sugere a necessidade da adoção de medidas eficazes de saúde pública e remete à discussão das possíveis implicações de tais resultados.

Download Full-text