scholarly journals Assessment of irrigation water quality at the territory of Vojvodina Province (Serbia)

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-101
Author(s):  
Stanko Milic ◽  
Dusana Banjac ◽  
Jovica Vasin ◽  
Jordana Ninkov ◽  
Borivoj Pejic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Cultivated Plants ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water ◽  
Vojvodina Province

Intensive crop cultivation systems require continuous monitoring of irrigation water quality as well as the control of physical and chemical soil properties. In view of the ongoing climate change and a dramatic decrease in soil organic matter content, the use of low quality irrigation water and its adverse effects on soil, cultivated plants and irrigation equipment must not be overlooked. The aim of this paper was to evaluate general quality of irrigation water from the different water intake sources in the Vojvodina Province. The paper presents the results of irrigation water quality, collected during 2018 and 2019. The research included 140 irrigation water samples obtained from three different intake structures which collect water from wells, canals or reservoirs. Water quality was assessed using the following parameters: pH value, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids (TDS), ionic balance, sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and residual sodium carbonate (RSC) value. Water quality diagram given by the US Salinity Laboratory (USSL) and FAO guidelines for interpretation water quality for irrigation was used. Additionally, the Nejgebauer classification for irrigation water, developed specifically for the area of Vojvodina, was used as a third classification. Based on the results of mineralization of the irrigation water, the following values of the observed parameters were determined: average pH of the analyzed water samples were 7.89, ranged from 7.14 to 9.01, while electrical conductivity values ranged from 0.10 to 3.50 dS/m, with an average of 0.85 dS/m. TDS analysis resulted in a wide range of values, from 112 mg/l to 2,384 mg/l, with an average of 529,22 mg/l. SAR values varied between 0.04-16.52 with a satisfactory average of 1.97. The USSL water classification produced similar results as FAO classification and RSC index <0, indicating that 57% of investigating samples are without concerns for irrigation use, whereas Nejgebauers classification and RSC index 0-1.25 show that over 75% of analyzed samples are suitable and safe for irrigation and soil properties. Since the quality of irrigation water significantly affects plant productivity, as it determines the chemical and physical properties of agricultural land, monitoring of water quality for irrigation is of high importance.

scholarly journals Groundwater Quality Assessment for Irrigation: Case Study in the Blinaja River Basin, Kosovo

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 1515-1528
Author(s):  
Hazir S. Çadraku
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Kelly’S Ratio

Groundwater is an important source for a drink and irrigation in the Blinaja river basin. Understanding knowledge of irrigation water quality is critical to the management of water for long-term productivity. Historically for this study area there is no data and information regarding the quality and use of water for irrigation needs. Therefore, there was a need to assess water quality based on data analysed from eight sampling points. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate, relying on analytical results, the quality of groundwater in the Blinaja river basin for the purpose of its use for irrigation of agricultural crops. For this purpose, in the Blinaja River Basin in different months during 2015, 2016, 2018 and 2019, 28 water samples were taken to assess the quality of groundwater for irrigation. Water samples were analysed in a laboratory for some of the key quality indicators; pH, EC, hardness (TH), Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO3, SO4, Cl, etc. and then irrigation water quality indices were calculated such as: percentage of Na (% Na), SAR (Sodium Adsorption Ratio), PI (Permeability index), KR (Kelly's ratio), etc. The overall objective of this study was to assess the quality of water to be used by the inhabitants of the area for irrigation of agricultural crops. Analytical procedures for the laboratory determinations of water quality have been given in several publications (USDA Handbook 60 by Richards, 1954; FAO Soils Bulletin 10 by Dewis and Freitas1970; APHA 2005). Doi: 10.28991/cej-2021-03091740 Full Text: PDF

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IRRIGATION WATER Quality INDEX (IWQI) FOR MAIN IRAQI RIVERS (TIGRIS, EUPHRATES, ShATT AL-ARAB AND DIYALA)

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saloom & Oleiwi
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

As a result of different quality standards for irrigation water and the varying ion composition, and the fact that classification of irrigation water consists of large and complex data, this study was conducted in order to find a way for combining the complex water quality data into a single value, a quality of irrigation water index (IWQI) which reflects the suitability of the water quality for irrigation. Irrigation water quality variables were divided into five groups according to Food and Agriculture Organization FAO guide. The order of the parameters were, Salinity expressed in electrical conductivity (EC), Sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), Toxicity of specific ions (boron, chloride, sodium, Toxic trace elements and Miscellaneous effects on sensitive crops (nitrates and bicarbonates and pH). Linear equations of each variable and the formulation of mathematical equations had been done to convert the actual concentration values in the classification adopted to estimate the values of the indicators (sub-indices) and then converting the actual values and different units for each variable to the estimated values under the general scheme consists of grades between (0 -100). For the purpose of calculating irrigation water quality index, a software was originated entitled IWQI program was applied to the data of the irrigation water samples for eighteen (18) locations of water sampling in the rivers: Tigris, Euphrates, Diyala and Shatt al-Arab. Results showed that the values of irrigation water quality index for the period March to December 2015 of the Tigris River were highest than the values of Euphrates River at all locations from the north to the south as it was estimated 94.38 and 88.6 in Muthana bridge site (Tigris) and sader Al- Yusufiya (Euphrates), respectively in Baghdad and reached 74.55 and 67.78 in Qurna (Tigris) and Qurna (Euphrates), respectively. Irrigation water quality index of Shatt al-Arab was at the site of Altnoma 39.78 and classified as almost unsuitable. In Diyala River, it has been observed that the impact of Rustumiya weste water station in reducing the quality of irrigation water quality index was relatively low and water in the two sites (before and after Rustumiya station) are classified as moderately suitable.

scholarly journals KUALITAS AIR IRIGASI PADA KAWASAN INDUSTRI DI KECAMATAN KEBAKKRAMAT KABUPATEN KARANGANYAR

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 108
Author(s):  
Sari Mukti Rohmawati ◽  
Sutarno Sutarno ◽  
Mujiyo Mujiyo
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Textile Industry ◽  
Government Regulation ◽  
Liquid Waste ◽  
Quality Standard ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standard ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water

<div class="WordSection1"><p><em>Subdistrict Kebakkaramat was the region with the most extensive area of rice fields and the highest rice production, in addition to the Subdistricts Kebakkramat a number of industrial areas with the greatest number two after Jaten Subdistricts. Industry in the Subdistrict Kebakkramat is dominated by the textile industry and agriculture are mostly located in areas suspected of liquid waste that contaminate irrigation water for paddy soil. Pollution caused by industrial waste, will reduce the quality of irrigation water. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of irrigation water in the industrial area Subdistricts Kebakkaramat. This research used descriptive quantitative method implemented through field surveys and continued by laboratorium analysis. Observation variables of the quality of irrigation water include temperature, TDS, pH, DHL, DO, nitrate and metals Cr. The results showed that the TDS, pH, DHL, DO and nitrate water still in suitable with the irrigation water quality standards according to Government Regulation No. 82 of 2001, while the temperature in point 5 does not correspond to irrigation water quality standard. Cr at all observation points, except the control does not correspond to irrigation water quality standard, that exceeds a predetermined limit is 0.01 ppm.</em></p></div>

scholarly journals Mapping of use and occupation of the soil and irrigation water quality in the city of Salto do Lontra-Paraná, Brazil

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 1024-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana C. Wrublack ◽  
Erivelto Mercante ◽  
Marcio A. Vilas Boas
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽  
Quality Of Irrigation Water

The objective of this study consisted on mapping the use and soil occupation and evaluation of the quality of irrigation water used in Salto do Lontra, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Images of the satellite SPOT-5 were used to perform the supervised classification of the Maximum Likelihood algorithm - MAXVER, and the water quality parameters analyzed were pH, EC, HCO3-, Cl-, PO4(3-), NO3-, turbidity, temperature and thermotolerant coliforms in two distinct rainfall periods. The water quality data were subjected to statistical analysis by the techniques of PCA and FA, to identify the most relevant variables in assessing the quality of irrigation water. The characterization of soil use and occupation by the classifier MAXVER allowed the identification of the following classes: crops, bare soil/stubble, forests and urban area. The PCA technique applied to irrigation water quality data explained 53.27% of the variation in water quality among the sampled points. Nitrate, thermotolerant coliforms, temperature, electrical conductivity and bicarbonate were the parameters that best explained the spatial variation of water quality.

scholarly journals Assessment of ground water quality of lahar block, Bhind district in Madhya Pradesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shashi Kant ◽  
Y.V. Singh ◽  
Lokesh Kumar Jat ◽  
R. Meena ◽  
S.N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality Index

<p>In sustainable groundwater study, it is necessary to assess the quality of groundwater in terms of irrigation purposes. The present study attempts to assess the groundwater quality through Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) in hard-rock aquifer system and sustainable water use in Lahar block, Bhind of district, Madhya Pradesh, India. The quality of ground water in major part of the study area is generally good. In order to understand the shallow groundwater quality, the water samples were collected from 40 tube wells irrigation water. The primary physical and chemical parameters like potential Hydrogen (pH), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS), calcium (Ca<sup>2+</sup>), magnesium (Mg<sup>2+</sup>), sodium (Na<sup>+</sup>), potassium (K<sup>+</sup>), bicarbonate (HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>), carbonate (CO<sub>3</sub><sup>2-</sup>), chloride (Cl<sup>-</sup>), and nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) were analyzed for (irrigation water quality index ) IWQI. The secondary parameters of irrigation groundwater quality indices such as Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Soluble Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and Kellies Ratio (KR) were also derived from the primary parameter for irrigation water quality index (IWQI). The IWQI was classified into excellent to unfit condition of groundwater quality based on their Water Quality Index (WQI). The IWQI (82.5%+15.0%) indicate that slightly unsustainable to good quality of ground water. Due to this quality deterioration of shallow aquifer, an immediate attestation requires for sustainable development.</p>

scholarly journals Multivariate Analysis for Assessing Irrigation Water Quality: A Case Study of the Bahr Mouise Canal, Eastern Nile Delta

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2537 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed K. Abdel-Fattah ◽  
Sameh Kotb Abd-Elmabod ◽  
Ali A. Aldosari ◽  
Ahmed S. Elrys ◽  
Elsayed Said Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Land Use ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Sustainable Agriculture ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality

Water scarcity and suitable irrigation water management in arid regions represent tangible challenges for sustainable agriculture. The current study aimed to apply multivariate analysis and to develop a simplified water quality assessment using principal component analysis (PCA) and the agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) technique to assess the water quality of the Bahr Mouise canal in El-Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. The proposed methods depended on the monitored water chemical composition (e.g., pH, water electrical conductivity (ECiw), Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, and SO42−) during 2019. Based on the supervised classification of satellite images (Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI)), the distinguished land use/land cover types around the Bahr Mouise canal were agriculture, urban, and water bodies, while the dominating land use was agriculture. The water quality of the Bahr Mouise canal was classified into two classes based on the application of the irrigation water quality index (IWQI), while the water quality was classified into three classes using the PCA and AHC methods. Temporal variations in water quality were investigated, where the water qualities in winter, autumn, and spring (January, February, March, April, November, and December) were classified as class I (no restrictions) based on IWQI application, and the water salinity, sodicity, and/or alkalinity did not represent limiting factors for irrigation water quality. On the other hand, in the summer season (May, June, July, August, and October), the irrigation water was classified as class II (low restrictions); therefore, irrigation processes during summer may lead to an increase in the alkalinity hazard. The PCA classifications were compared with the IWQI results; the PCA classifications had similar assessment results during the year, except in September, while the water quality was assigned to class II using the PCA method and class I by applying the IWQI. Furthermore, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) around the Bahr Mouise canal over eight months and climatic data assisted in explaining the fluctuations in water quality during 2019 as a result of changing the crop season and agriculture management. Assessments of water quality help to conserve soil, reduce degradation risk, and support decision makers in order to obtain sustainable agriculture, especially under water irrigation scarcity and the limited agricultural land in such an arid region.

Microbiological Water Quality Requirements for Salad Irrigation in the United Kingdom

2006 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 2029-2035 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. F. TYRREL ◽  
J. W. KNOX ◽  
E. K. WEATHERHEAD
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Irrigation Water ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Water Quality Monitoring ◽  
Irrigation Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Standards ◽  
The United Kingdom

The growth in United Kingdom salad production is dependent on irrigation to maintain product quality. There are concerns that irrigation with poor-quality water could pose a disease risk. This article examines the key issues in the emerging debate on the microbiological quality of water used for salad irrigation in the United Kingdom. The links between irrigation water quality and foodborne disease, and the current international guidance on irrigation water quality, are firstly reviewed. The findings indicate that a number of recent food-poisoning outbreaks have been linked to the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables and that unhygienic product handling is implicated as the principal source of contamination. There is also credible evidence that salads contaminated in the field, including by irrigation water, can pose a small disease risk at the point of sale. Although irrigation water–quality standards exist in various forms internationally, there is no nationally agreed on standard used in the United Kingdom. This paper then describes the results of a survey conducted in 2003 of United Kingdom irrigation practices that might influence the microbiological quality of salads. The survey showed that surface water is the principal irrigation water source, that overhead irrigation predominates, that the gap between the last irrigation and harvest may be &lt;24 h in many cases, and that current water-quality monitoring practices are generally very limited in scope. This paper concludes with a discussion of the issues emerging from the review and survey, including the need for improved water-quality monitoring, and the problems associated with establishing water-quality standards that could be either too strict or too lax.

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