scholarly journals En la retaguardia de la Revolución Mexicana: Propaganda y propagandistas mexicanos en América Latina, 1914-1920

1999 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Yankelevich
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Mexican Revolution ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Press ◽  
America Latina ◽  
American Society ◽  
The One ◽  
Exemplary Model ◽  
Latin American Society

This article studies the role which the Constitutionalist group of the Mexican Revolution assigned to propaganda of their actions and programs. It evaluates the significance of the publicity campaigns launched after 1914, in an effort to counter negative reports and information about the Revolution coming from the United States. In particular, it reconstructs the propaganda campaign carried out in Latin America. On the one hand, it reviews the various mechanisms which made it possible for Mexico and its Revolution to achieve a presence in the press and the academic and political venues of Latin America; on the other, it evaluates the effects of that propaganda, the solidarity which it aroused, and the exemplary model which the Mexican Revolution became in certain spaces of Latin American society. / En este artículo se estudia el papel que el núcleo constitucionalista de la Revolución mexicana asignó a la propaganda de sus acciones y programas. Se evalúa el significado de las campañas publicitarias puestas en marcha a partir de 1914, con el fin de contrarrestar noticias e informaciones provenientes de los Estados Unidos. En concreto, se reconstruye la estrategia propagandística desenvuelta en Latinoamérica. Por un lado, se analiza los distintos mecanismos que hicieron posible que México y su Revolución alcanzaran una presencia visible en medios de prensa, ámbitos académicos y políticos de América Latina; y por otro lado, se reconstruyen los efectos de aquella propaganda, las acciones de solidaridad que despertaron y el perfil ejemplificador que comenzó a adquirir la Revolución Mexicana en determinados espacios de las sociedades latinoamericanas.

The Dominican Crisis: An Inter-American Dilemma

1966 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 178-193
Author(s):  
John P. S. McLaren
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
International Law ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
American System ◽  
American Society ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Latin American Society

From whatever standpoint it may be viewed, the decision of President Johnson to order the Marines into the Dominican Republic on April 28, 1965, was bound to provide a focus for controversy. However, the essentially political nature of that act and its ostensible and concealed motivations have tended to shroud the impact of the Dominican crisis upon the legal mechanisms of the Inter-American System, outlined in the basic documents and developed in the practice of the Organization of American States. This is not to suggest that the problems of Latin America in general and of the Dominion Republic in particular are reducible to a statement of principles of international law. Indeed, it is the present writer’s contention that the Latin American members of the Organization have demonstrated that they are far too servile towards what they deem to be the basic norms of American international law, and that this attitude coupled with the equivocal political manœuvres of the United States has produced a form of institutional schizophrenia which deflects attention from the basic problems of contemporary Latin America and the pressing need for their solution. The main purposes of this comment are to examine the Dominican crisis in the context of fundamental stresses in Latin American society, to evaluate the roles of the United States and the O.A.S. in terms of their reactions to this case, and to make some general comments on how the Inter-American System may be rendered more meaningful in dealing with the political, economic, and social priorities of the region.

Licensing Journalists in Latin America: An Appraisal

1996 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 878-889 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerry W. Knudson
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Freedom Of Expression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Professional Standards ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Government Control ◽  
Military Regimes ◽  
The Press ◽  
University Degree

The issue of professionalization of journalism and therefore of how to achieve professional standards has been of concern to journalists and to the general public for many years.1 In Latin America, one attempt at professionalization - the development of the colegio - has garnered some praise and has raised concerns about government control. Probably no issue in recent years concerning the Latin American press has aroused greater opposition or misunderstanding in the United States than the system whereby anyone must have a university degree in journalism and/or be a member of a colegio - a professional association - in order to practice journalism. Despite recent Supreme Court decisions in the Dominican Republic and Costa Rica against obligatory licensing by their colegios of journalists, the institution is gaining headway in Latin America as a whole. Opponents maintain that the colegio system imperils freedom of the press. But others assert it raises professional standards and increases salaries. The author of this study notes that colegios frequently uphold freedom of expression under dictatorial or military regimes, and that opposition by publishers to colegios seems to be based on economic rather than “free press” grounds.

The Epidemiology of Drug Promotion

1977 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milton Silverman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Prescription Drugs ◽  
The United States ◽  
Corporate Ethics ◽  
Social Responsibilities ◽  
The One ◽  
Global Company ◽  
Latin American Countries

A survey was conducted on the promotion of 28 prescription drugs in the form of 40 different products marketed in the United States and Latin America by 23 multinational pharmaceutical companies. Striking differences were found in the manner in which the identical drug, marketed by the identical company or its foreign affiliate, was described to physicians in the United States and to physicians in Latin America. In the United States, the listed indications were usually few in number, while the contraindications, warnings, and potential adverse reactions were given in extensive detail. In Latin America, the listed indications were far more numerous, while the hazards were usually minimized, glossed over, or totally ignored. The differences were not simply between the United States on the one hand and all the Latin American countries on the other. There were substantial differences within Latin America, with the same global company telling one story in Mexico, another in Central America, a third in Ecuador and Colombia, and yet another in Brazil. The companies have sought to defend these practices by contending that they are not breaking any Latin American laws. In some countries, however, such promotion is in clear violation of the law. The corporate ethics and social responsibilities concerned here call for examination and action.

US-Latin American Economic Relations

1997 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Weintraub
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Relations ◽  
Near Term ◽  
The One ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Open Markets ◽  
Latin American Economic ◽  
East West

The United States, during the past several years, has squandered a heaven-sent opportunity to cement its already deep economic relations with Latin America. There is no certainty that the neglect will be altered in the near term.A series of transformations made the 1990s an ideal time to consolidate improved economic relations with Latin America. The end of the Cold War meant that US dealings with Latin America could be based on mutual realities in the Hemisphere rather than be shaped through the one-way prism of East-West confrontation. There was a profound paradigm shift that swept just about all the countries of the Hemisphere, away from protectionism and toward open markets as the path to economic growth.

scholarly journals Couple and family relationships in Latin American social comparative studies

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 109-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnaldo Garcia ◽  
Júlia Sursis Nobre Ferro Bucher-Maluschke ◽  
Daniela Marisol Pérez-Angarita ◽  
Yushiara Emily Vargas-Velez ◽  
Fábio Nogueira Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Comparative Studies ◽  
Family Formation ◽  
Size Structure ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Society ◽  
Latin American Society

Couple and family relationships have changed in different aspects in the recent history of Latin America. This paper reviewed comparative studies on couple and family relationships in Latin America published between 2001 and 2015. These studies used data from different countries. The contents analyzed in these investigations were divided in five main themes: (a) family size, structure and diversity; (b) couple and family internal dynamics, including couple and family formation and dissolution, gender and social roles, social care and protection, and couple and family violence; (c) couple, family and health; (d) couple, family and education; and, (e) couple, family and economy. Although comparative studies in Latin America are based mainly on data from national censuses and have a demographic approach, the comparative perspective is proposed as an important mean for the integration of diverse disciplines and the development of international cooperation in studies about couple and family in Latin America. Macro and micro perspectives, as well as quantitative and qualitative data, may complement each other and contribute to a more integrated knowledge about couple and family relationships in the region. Couple and family internal structure and dynamics are related to Latin American society and culture in diverse ways. Some possibilities and suggestions for future investigations are also presented.

Print Culture and Censorship from Colonial Latin America to the US Latina/o Presence in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew J. K. Hill
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Print Culture ◽  
The United States ◽  
Early 19Th Century ◽  
The Press ◽  
The 19Th Century

Print culture refers to the production, distribution, and reception of printed material. It includes the concepts of authorship, readership, and impact and entails the intersection of technological, political, religious, legal, social, educational, and economic practices, all of which can vary from one cultural context to another. Prior to their arrival in the Americas, Spain and Portugal had their own print culture and, following the conquest, they introduced it into their colonies, first through the importation of books from Europe and later following the establishment of the printing press in Mexico in 1539. Throughout the colonial period, the importation of books from abroad was a constant and lucrative practice. However, print culture was not uniform. As in Europe, print culture in Latin America was largely an urban phenomenon, with restricted readership due to high rates of illiteracy, which stemmed from factors of class, gender, race, and income, among others. Furthermore, the press itself spread slowly and unevenly, according to the circumstances of each region. One thing, however, that these territories had in common was widespread censorship. Reading, writing, and printing were subject to oversight by the Inquisition, whose responsibility was to police the reading habits of the populace and to ensure that no texts were printed that could disrupt the political and religious well-being of the colonies, as they defined it. In spite of Inquisitorial restrictions, print culture flourished and the number and kind of materials available increased dramatically until the early 19th century, when most of the territories under the Iberian monarchies became independent, a phenomenon due in part to the circulation of Enlightenment thought in the region. Following the era of revolutions, newly established republics attempted to implement freedom of the press. While the Inquisition no longer existed, censorship continued to be practiced to a greater or lesser degree, depending on the circumstances and who was in power. This also applies to Cuba and Puerto Rico. Immediately prior to Latin American independence, the United States became a sovereign nation. Commercial and cultural exchanges, including print materials, between the United States and Latin America increased, and many Latin Americans were traveling to and residing in the United States for extended periods. However, it was also in this period that the United States began a campaign of expansionism that did not cease until 1898 and resulted in the acquisition of half of Mexico’s national territory and of Spain’s remaining American colonies, Cuba and Puerto Rico. In addition to the land itself, the United States also “acquired” the people who had been Spanish and Mexican citizens in California, the Southwest, and Puerto Rico. With this change in sovereignty came a change in language, customs, and demographics, which provoked a cultural crisis among these new Latina/o citizens. To defend themselves against the racial persecution from Anglo-Americans and to reverse the impending annihilation of their culture and language, they turned to the press. The press allowed Latinas/os a degree of cultural autonomy, even as their position was slowly eroded by legal and demographic challenges as the 19th century progressed.

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