Income Inequality across Nations and over Time: Reply

1985 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 564
Author(s):  
Gir S. Gupta ◽  
Ram D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Understanding Rising Income Inequality and Stagnating Ordinary Living Standards in Germany

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerhard Bosch ◽  
Thorsten Kalina
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Household Income ◽  
Wage Bargaining ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Social Model ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Over Time

This chapter describes how inequality and real incomes have evolved in Germany through the period from the 1980s, through reunification, up to the economic Crisis and its aftermath. It brings out how reunification was associated with a prolonged stagnation in real wages. It emphasizes how the distinctive German structures for wage bargaining were eroded over time, and the labour market and tax/transfer reforms of the late 1990s-early/mid-2000s led to increasing dualization in the labour market. The consequence was a marked increase in household income inequality, which went together with wage stagnation for much of the 1990s and subsequently. Coordination between government, employers, and unions still sufficed to avoid the impact the economic Crisis had on unemployment elsewhere, but the German social model has been altered fundamentally over the period

Growing up in Hong Kong before and after 1980

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Chim Richard Wong
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Income Redistribution ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Growing Up ◽  
Unequal Distribution ◽  
Inequality Measures ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Waves ◽  
Over Time

Individual income inequality has worsened because of underinvestment in education. A child born today with a good “birth lottery” is worth more than one born into the same family circumstances in the past, because their education will have a higher rate of return. Intergenerational upward mobility measured in schooling opportunities was largely unchanged for those born in the period 1956–1991. However, a subset born in the period 1961–1976 saw improved opportunities due to the waves of emigration Hong Kong experienced due to political unrest and uncertainty. Many policy advocates have used rising income inequality measures to push for income redistribution. But this merely tries to fix the measures of income inequality. Redistribution will not halt the underlying forces that are driving a more unequal distribution of incomes over time. Rising inequality can only be prevented by expanding education opportunities and encouraging couples to stay together.

scholarly journals Growth and Income Inequality: A Comparative Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayla Ogus Binatli
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
Growth Changes ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Over Time

This paper investigates whether the relationship between income inequality and growth changes over time. Two time periods, covering 1970–1985 and 1985–1999, are analyzed and compared. A statistically significant relationship between inequality and growth in either time period fails to emerge. However, there are indications that effect of inequality on growth may be different in the nineties when compared to the seventies. In the literature, a consistent negative effect of inequality on growth is documented although the significance of the effect is open to debate. This paper also finds a negative effect of income inequality on growth in the seventies but, although statistically insignificant, a consistently positive effect in the nineties.

In Search of Smoking Guns: What Makes Income Inequality Vary over Time in Different Countries?

1999 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 585 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bjorn Gustafsson ◽  
Mats Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Over Time

Income Inequality across Nations over Time: How Much and Why

1984 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 250 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gir S. Gupta ◽  
Ram D. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Over Time

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Association between Income Inequality and Intergenerational Mobility

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 237802311988128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ernesto F. L. Amaral ◽  
Shih-Keng Yen ◽  
Sharron Xuanren Wang-Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Gini Coefficient ◽  
Intergenerational Mobility ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Income Share ◽  
Income Elasticities ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Gini Coefficient ◽  
Over Time

We provide an overview of associations between income inequality and intergenerational mobility in the United States, Canada, and eight European countries. We analyze whether this correlation is observed across and within countries over time. We investigate Great Gatsby curves and perform metaregression analyses based on several papers on this topic. Results suggest that countries with high levels of inequality tend to have lower levels of mobility. Intergenerational income elasticities have stronger associations with the Gini coefficient compared to associations with the top 1 percent income share. Once models are controlled for methodological variables, country indicators, and paper indicators, correlations of mobility with the Gini coefficient lose significance but not with the top 1 percent income share. This result is an indication that recent increases in inequality at the top of the distribution might be negatively affecting mobility on a greater magnitude compared to variations across the income distribution.

A Survey on Income Inequality in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 1191-1239
Author(s):  
Junsen Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Income Inequality ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Relative Income ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Great Success ◽  
Absolute Poverty ◽  
The Past ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
Over Time

After China’s recent great success in eliminating absolute poverty, addressing relative income inequality becomes a more important issue. This survey finds that income inequality rapidly increased in the first three decades since 1978 but stabilized and slightly declined in the past decade, consistent with the well-known Kuznets hypothesis. In addition to documenting the trend and patterns over time and across groups and regions, seven sources of income inequality are systematically discussed with an effort to reconcile and extend the existing literature. Furthermore, a negative correlation is documented between income inequality and intergenerational mobility, consistent with the Great Gatsby curve observed in developed countries. (JEL D31, D63, O15, P36)

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