The Pricing Practices of the Liquor Control Board of Ontario: Revisited

1983 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 154 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Liebowitz ◽  
Guy A. Bridgeman
Keyword(s):  
Control Board

scholarly journals Opioid availability statistics from the International Narcotics Control Board do not reflect the medical use of opioids: comparison with sales data from Scandinavia

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmanuel Bäckryd ◽  
Markus Heilig ◽  
Mikael Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Analgesics ◽  
Warning Signal ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Opioid Use ◽  
Opioid Prescription ◽  
Sales Data ◽  
Narcotics Control ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Prescription Rates

Abstract Objectives Opioid analgesics are essential in clinical practice, but their excessive use is associated with addiction risk. Increases in opioid prescription rates have fuelled an epidemic of opioid addiction in the USA, making statistics on medical opioid use a critical warning signal. A dramatic 150% increase in Swedish opioid access 2001–2013 was recently reported based on data from the International Narcotics Control Board (INCB; Berterame et al. 2016) in conflict with other studies of opioid use in the Nordic countries. This article aims to analyse to what degree published INCB statistics on opioids in Scandinavia (Denmark, Norway and Sweden) reflect actual medical use and study the methodological reasons for putative discrepancies. Methods Data on aggregated total national sales of opioids for the whole population, including hospitals, were collected from the Swedish e-Health Authority. Total sales data for Denmark and drugs dispensed at pharmacies in Norway are publicly available through the relevant authorities’ websites. Results INCB opioid statistics during the period 2001–2013 were markedly inconsistent with sales data from Scandinavia, calling the reliability of INCB data into question. INCB-data were flawed by (a) over-representing the volume of fentanyl, (b) under-reporting of codeine, and (c) by not including tramadol. Conclusions Opioid availability, as expressed by INCB statistics, does not reflect medical opioid use. It is crucial to underline that INCB statistics are based on the manual compilation of national production, import and export data from manufacturers and drug companies. This is not the same amount that is prescribed and consumed within the health care system. Moreover, there are methodological problems in the INCB reports, in particular concerning fentanyl, codeine and tramadol. We suggest that INCB should carefully review the quality of their data on medical opioids.

Feasibility and preliminary data for a State-wide South Carolina Lupus Registry

Lupus ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 096120332110145
Author(s):  
Brittany L Smalls ◽  
Trevor D Faith ◽  
Hetlena Johnson ◽  
Edith M Williams
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Small Samples ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Prospective Survey ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Impact

Background Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or lupus is an autoimmune disorder whose cause and reason for disproportionate impact on minorities remains enigmatic. Furthermore, statistics describing lupus incidence and prevalence are outdated and often based on small samples. To begin to address this disparity this report describes preliminary data to be utilized in the development of a state-wide lupus registry in South Carolina. Methods A prospective survey and retrospective data from the South Carolina Budget and Control Board Office of Research & Statistics were used to capture data pertaining to knowledge of lupus, prevalence, and access to lupus care. Results Retrospective ORS data indicated there were 11,690 individuals living with lupus in 2014 with the average direct cost of $69,999.40 in medical care. Prospective surveys (N = 325), in over 16 locations in South Carolina, showed 31% knew someone with lupus, 16% had been diagnosed with lupus, and 50% did not know of a medical facility that treated lupus. Conclusion A lupus registry and repository will provide ongoing access for researchers on the impact of lupus on communities in South Carolina. Lupus is highly prevalent, but disproportionately represented in terms of patient information and participation in clinical trials, so it is also expected that this preliminary work will provide an ongoing process in which the medical community can better engage lupus patients.

scholarly journals Multi-Touch Interaction Generation Device by Spatiotemporally Switching Electrodes

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1475
Author(s):  
Masahiro Okamoto ◽  
Kazuya Murao
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Accuracy ◽  
Conductive Ink ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Touch Panel ◽  
Electrode Size ◽  
Touch Input ◽  
Touch Interaction ◽  
Multiple Electrodes ◽  
Touch Panels

With the spread of devices equipped with touch panels, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, the opportunity for users to perform touch interaction has increased. In this paper, we constructed a device that generates multi-touch interactions to realize high-speed, continuous, or hands-free touch input on a touch panel. The proposed device consists of an electrode sheet printed with multiple electrodes using conductive ink and a voltage control board, and generates eight multi-touch interactions: tap, double-tap, long-press, press-and-tap, swipe, pinch-in, pinch-out, and rotation, by changing the capacitance of the touch panel in time and space. In preliminary experiments, we investigated the appropriate electrode size and spacing for generating multi-touch interactions, and then implemented the device. From the evaluation experiments, it was confirmed that the proposed device can generate multi-touch interactions with high accuracy. As a result, tap, press-and-tap, swipe, pinch-in, pinch-out, and rotation can be generated with a success rate of 100%. It was confirmed that all the multi-touch interactions evaluated by the proposed device could be generated with high accuracy and acceptable speed.

Electronic control board for student Rocket

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesus Lazaro ◽  
Laura Burgos ◽  
Leire Muguira ◽  
Armando Astarloa ◽  
Jaime Jimenez
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Control ◽  
Control Board

A retrospective assessment of water reclamation projects

1996 ◽  
Vol 33 (10-11) ◽  
pp. 59-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard A. Mills ◽  
Takashi Asano
Keyword(s):  
Water Resources ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Reclaimed Water ◽  
Project Performance ◽  
Financial Assistance ◽  
Water Reclamation ◽  
Control Board ◽  
Retrospective Assessment ◽  
State Water ◽  
Local Water

Stimulated by droughts and inability to construct new freshwater projects, water suppliers in California, U.S.A. have taken a heightened interest in water reclamation in the last decade. Since 1980 the California State Water Resources Control Board has approved financial assistance to local water supply agencies to design and construct water reclamation facilities. Nineteen of these are now operating. There is an opportunity to assess how well projects are performing in relation to their planned objectives, in particular, deliveries of reclaimed water to users. Based on reports on many of these projects, it is found that two-thirds of the projects are delivering 75 percent or less of the expected amounts of water. Data are provided on project performance. A discussion is provided of the problems encountered on many of the projects that account for these deficiencies in yields and have caused other problems in implementation.

scholarly journals Determinación de acido nítrico y nitratos en partículas atmosféricas

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 347-352
Author(s):  
Y. I. Falcón ◽  
J. E. Meza ◽  
T. V. Larson
Keyword(s):  
Control Board ◽  
Air Control

Se realizaron muestreos simultáneos de acido nítrico y nitratos en forma de partículas en las instalaciones de la Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana de Azcapotzalco. El método de muestreo empleado fue el Denuder Difference Experiment (D.D.E.), que es un método diferencial relativamente simple y evita pérdidas de nitratos en forma de partículas, causadas por reacciones originadas sobre el medio filtrante. Los valores para las muestras colectadas en muestreos diarios de 7 h estuvieron entre 1.81 - 14.7 µg/m³ para nitratos totales. Se desarrollo una modificación del método analítico para la determinación de acido nítrico y nitratos en partículas. Las extracciones de los filtros se hicieron de acuerdo con el método publicado por Shaw et al., y el análisis final fue modificado empleando el método de reducción-diazotación del Texas Air Control Board.

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