Florida Bay: A History of Recent Ecological Changes

Estuaries ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
James W. Fourqurean ◽  
Michael B. Robblee
Keyword(s):  
Florida Bay ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of

scholarly journals ʻĀina Momona, Honua Au Loli—Productive Lands, Changing World: Using the Hawaiian Footprint to Inform Biocultural Restoration and Future Sustainability in Hawai‘i

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Gon ◽  
Stephanie Tom ◽  
Ulalia Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Biocultural Restoration ◽  
Native Habitats

Pre-Western-contact Hawai‘i stands as a quintessential example of a large human population that practiced intensive agriculture, yet minimally affected native habitats that comprised the foundation of its vitality. An explicit geospatial footprint of human-transformed areas across the pre-contact Hawaiian archipelago comprised less than 15% of total land area, yet provided 100% of human needs, supporting a thriving Polynesian society. A post-contact history of disruption of traditional land use and its supplanting by Western land tenure and agriculture culminated in a landscape less than 250 years later in which over 50% of native habitats have been lost, while self-sufficiency has plummeted to 15% or less. Recapturing the ‘āina momona (productive lands) of ancient times through biocultural restoration can be accomplished through study of pre-contact agriculture, assessment of biological and ecological changes on Hawaiian social-ecological systems, and conscious planned efforts to increase self-sufficiency and reduce importation. Impediments include the current tourism-based economy, competition from habitat-modifying introduced species, a suite of agricultural pests severely limiting traditional agriculture, and climate changes rendering some pre-contact agricultural centers suboptimal. Modified methods will be required to counteract these limitations, enhance biosecurity, and diversify agriculture, without further degrading native habitats, and recapture a reciprocal Hawaiian human-nature relationship.

scholarly journals Flower Diversification Across “Pollinator Climates”: Sensory Aspects of Corolla Color Evolution in the Florally Diverse South American Genus Jaborosa (Solanaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcela Moré ◽  
Ana C. Ibañez ◽  
M. Eugenia Drewniak ◽  
Andrea A. Cocucci ◽  
Robert A. Raguso
Keyword(s):  
Visual Space ◽  
Flower Color ◽  
South American ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pollinator Abundance ◽  
Color Evolution ◽  
Floral Color ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pollination Mode

Flower phenotype may diverge within plant lineages when moving across “pollinator climates” (geographic differences in pollinator abundance or preference). Here we explored the potential importance of pollinators as drivers of floral color diversification in the nightshade genus Jaborosa, taking into account color perception capabilities of the actual pollinators (nocturnal hawkmoths vs. saprophilous flies) under a geographic perspective. We analyzed the association between transitions across environments and perceptual color axes using comparative methods. Our results revealed two major evolutionary themes in Jaborosa: (1) a “warm subtropical sphingophilous clade” composed of three hawkmoth-pollinated species found in humid lowland habitats, with large white flowers that clustered together in the visual space of a model hawkmoth (Manduca sexta) and a “cool-temperate brood-deceptive clade” composed of largely fly-pollinated species with small dark flowers found at high altitudes (Andes) or latitudes (Patagonian Steppe), that clustered together in the visual space of a model blowfly (Lucilia sp.) and a syrphid fly (Eristalis tenax). Our findings suggest that the ability of plants to colonize newly formed environments during Andean orogeny and the ecological changes that followed were concomitant with transitions in flower color as perceived by different pollinator functional groups. Our findings suggest that habitat and pollination mode are inextricably linked in the history of this South American plant lineage.

Current Preservation and Development State of Traditional Changzhen (Old Towns)’ Landscape Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Jia ◽  
Jian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Development State ◽  
Political Economic

Old towns is like living fossil which has accumulated rich historical connotations; the one carrying the history of a region’ political, economic, cultural and ecological changes as well as the formative art created by collective labors and wisdoms of generations. The preservation of ancient Chinese dwellings and old towns began late; many historical architectures and traditional country fairs are forcibly removed during the transformation of old cities and towns, thus ancient towns with their original historical looks are becoming less and less. In comparison, the preservation and development of old western towns started earlier than china, with rich experience, they offer good examples for china, especially the successful developing way: eco-tourism. By comparing the preservation and development of traditional Chinese towns’ landscape features to that of western ones, this paper points out that the future development of old towns rely on proper handling of the relation between preserving and the feasibility of renewing, so as to maintain the landscape features of old towns in the course of sustainable development.

Ethnobotany in North America: an historical phytogeographic perspective

1981 ◽  
Vol 59 (11) ◽  
pp. 2178-2188 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard I. Ford
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Economic Plant ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Plant Macroremains ◽  
The Past ◽  
Plant Environment ◽  
Time Period ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of

In 1855 Alphonse de Candolle challenged his contemporaries to describe and to explain the geographical and historical distribution of economic plants. It was only in the 20th century, however, that ethnobotany, the direct interrelationships between human populations and their plant environment, and paleoecology and archaeology could combine to delineate from antiquity the history of economic plant usages, to describe the ecological changes introduced by humans, and to detail the cultural determinants of new plant evolution.The prehistory of plant uses depends upon paleoecological and archaeological data. Pollen and plant macroremains have demonstrated that only during the past 2000 years in North America have humans expanded the number of taxa they used. Ecologically humans have become important agents for transforming the landscape during the same time period in areas where plant food production was practiced. Fire was the principle agent for clearing the land and plant husbandry intensified the disjunction of plant species. Humans, then, became significant ecological and evolutionary factors in the landscape with the introduction of domesticated cucurbits from Mexico in the eastern United States about 5000 years ago. It was not until 3000 years ago that indigenous North American Helianthus and Iva were domesticated and other plants were cultivated and introduced beyond their known ranges. In the Southwest com cultivation started 3000 years ago and spread rapidly as a staple and source of phytogeographical changes. Com-field farming in the past 1000 years by prehistoric Americans created new habitats and had the greatest effect on the geographical distribution of plants. Ethnobotany and its associated discipline, archaeobotany, have brought an indispensible complement to paleoecology and a new dimension to historical phytogeography.

scholarly journals La rage en Tunisie au XIXe siècle: recrudescence ou émergence?

Gesnerus ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 173-192
Author(s):  
Kmar Ben Néfissa ◽  
Anne Marie Moulin ◽  
Koussay Dellagi
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Rabies Virus ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Pet Dogs ◽  
Canine Rabies ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Xixe Siecle ◽  
The 19Th Century

At the end of the 19th century, a canine rabies epidemics started in Tunis and in several other cities of the Beylik. Archives’ data trace the epidemics back to 1870 and at that time its rapid progression was ascribed to the increase of immigration from Europe.Whether the European “street rabies virus”was also imported with the settlers’ pet dogs is controversial.The epidemics might rather be linked to other factors such as socio-cultural or ecological changes. The authors try to reconstruct the history of rabies in Tunisia during this period. Changes in canine ecology and increase of dog populations in urban and suburban areas might account for the emergence of rabies at the end of 19th century and its persistence in an endemo-epidemic state.

scholarly journals ʻĀina Momona, Honua Au Loli: Productive Lands, Changing World Combining Models of the Human Ecological Footprint with Traditional Knowledge to Inform Future Sustainability in Hawaiʻi

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel M. Gon III ◽  
Stephanie L. Tom ◽  
Ulalia Woodside
Keyword(s):  
Land Tenure ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Human Needs ◽  
Social Ecological Systems ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Native Habitats

Pre-Western contact Hawaiʻi stands as a quintessential sustainability example of a large human population that practiced intensive agriculture, yet minimally displaced native habitats that comprised the foundation of its vitality. An explicit geospatial footprint of human-transformed areas across the pre-contact Hawaiian archipelago comprised less than 15% of total land area, yet provided 100% of human needs, supporting a thriving Polynesian society. A post-contact history of disruption of traditional Hawaiian land-use and its supplanting by Western land tenure and agriculture based on ranching, sugarcane, and pineapple, culminated in a landscape, in which over 50% of native habitats have been lost, while self-sufficiency has plummeted to 15% or less. Recapturing the ʻāina momona (productive lands) of ancient times can be accomplished through study of pre-contact agriculture, assessment of biological and ecological changes imposed on Hawaiian social-ecological systems, and conscious planned efforts to increase self-sufficiency and reduce importation. Impediments include the current tourism-based economy, competition from habitat-modifying introduced species, a suite of agricultural pests severely limiting traditional agriculture, and changes in climate rendering some pre-contact agricultural centers suboptimal. Modified agricultural methods will be required to counteract these limitations, and diversified agriculture to broaden the production base, without contributing to further degradation of native habitats.

scholarly journals Yucatán carnivorans shed light on the Great American Biotic Interchange

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 20190148 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blaine W. Schubert ◽  
James C. Chatters ◽  
Joaquin Arroyo-Cabrales ◽  
Joshua X. Samuels ◽  
Leopoldo H. Soibelzon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Central America ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
Great American Biotic Interchange ◽  
History Of ◽  
Tropical Climates ◽  
Natural Trap ◽  
Shed Light

The Great American Biotic Interchange is considered to be a punctuated process, primarily occurring during four major pulses that began approximately 2.5 Ma. Central America and southeastern Mexico have a poor fossil record of this dynamic faunal history due to tropical climates. Exploration of submerged caves in the Yucatán, particularly the natural trap Hoyo Negro, is exposing a rich and remarkably well-preserved late Pleistocene fauna. Radiometric dates on megafauna range from approximately 38 400–12 850 cal BP, and extinct species include the ursid Arctotherium wingei and canid Protocyon troglodytes . Both genera were previously thought to be indigenous to and confined to South America and appear to represent an instance of large placental mammals, descended from North American progenitors, migrating back north across the Panama Isthmus. This discovery expands the distribution of these carnivorans greater than 2000 km outside South America. Their presence along with a diverse sloth assemblage suggests a more complex history of these organisms in Middle America. We suggest that landscape and ecological changes caused by latest Pleistocene glaciation supported an interchange pulse that included A. wingei , P. troglodytes and Homo sapiens .

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document