Lung Ultrastructure and the Surfactant-Like System of the Central Netted Dragon, Ctenophorus nuchalis

Copeia ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 1993 (2) ◽  
pp. 326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lesley K. McGregor ◽  
Christopher B. Daniels ◽  
Terence E. Nicholas
Keyword(s):  
Lung Ultrastructure

Ultrastructure of pulmonary microvasculature in acute endotoxemia

1978 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 470-471
Author(s):  
R. G. Gerrity ◽  
M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Alveolar Epithelium ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Capillary Endothelium ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Interstitial Edema ◽  
Pulmonary Capillaries ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure ◽  
Fibrin Thrombi

Dogs were injected intravenously with E_. coli endotoxin (2 mg/kg), and lung samples were taken at 15 min., 1 hr. and 24 hrs. At 15 min., occlusion of pulmonary capillaries by degranulating platelets and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PML) was evident (Fig. 1). Capillary endothelium was intact but endothelial damage in small arteries and arterioles, accompanied by intraalveolar hemorrhage, was frequent (Fig. 2). Sloughing of the surfactant layer from alveolar epithelium was evident (Fig. 1). At 1 hr., platelet-PML plugs were no longer seen in capillaries, the endothelium of which was often vacuolated (Fig. 3). Interstitial edema and destruction of alveolar epithelium were seen, and type II cells had discharged their granules into the alveoli (Fig. 4). At 24 hr. phagocytic PML's were frequent in peripheral alveoli, while centrally, alveoli and vessels were packed with fibrin thrombi and PML's (Fig. 5). In similar dogs rendered thrombocytopenic with anti-platelet serum, lung ultrastructure was similar to that of controls, although PML's were more frequently seen in capillaries in the former (Fig. 6).

scholarly journals Cellular and acellular ex vivo lung perfusion preserve functional lung ultrastructure in a large animal model: a stereological study

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jasmin Steinmeyer ◽  
Simon Becker ◽  
Murat Avsar ◽  
Jawad Salman ◽  
Klaus Höffler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Lung Perfusion ◽  
Large Animal Model ◽  
Large Animal ◽  
Ex Vivo Lung Perfusion ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure

scholarly journals Permanent alveolar remodeling in canine lung induced by high-altitude residence during maturation

2009 ◽  
Vol 107 (6) ◽  
pp. 1911-1917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priya Ravikumar ◽  
Dennis J. Bellotto ◽  
Robert L. Johnson ◽  
Connie C. W. Hsia
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Diffusion Barrier ◽  
Structural Response ◽  
Gas Diffusion ◽  
Lung Compliance ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Blood Gas ◽  
Capillary Length ◽  
Surface Areas ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure

Young canines born at sea level (SL) and raised for 5 mo at high altitude (HA, 3,800 m), followed by return to SL before somatic maturation, showed enhanced alveolar gas exchange and diffusing capacity at rest and exercise that persisted into adulthood (McDonough P, Dane DM, Hsia CC, Yilmaz C, Johnson RL Jr. J Appl Physiol 100: 474–81, 2006; Hsia CCW, Johnson RL Jr, McDonough P, Dane DM, Hurst MD, Fehmel JL, Wagner HE, Wagner PD. J Appl Physiol 102: 1448–55, 2007). To examine the associated structural response, we quantified lung ultrastructure in male foxhounds raised at 3,800 m HA or their littermates raised at SL ( n = 6 each) from 2.5 to 7.5 mo of age. Three years following return to SL, lungs were fixed for morphometric analysis. In HA-exposed animals compared with SL controls, lung volume at a given inflation pressure was higher with enlargement of alveolar ducts and sacs without significant differences in the volumes of alveolar cell components, septal tissue, or in alveolar-capillary surface areas. There was a shift toward a significantly lower harmonic mean thickness of the blood-gas diffusion barrier in HA-raised animals. As a control organ, muscle capillary length density of costal diaphragm was significantly higher in HA-raised animals, indicating parallel adaptation in oxygen transport organs. We conclude that, in actively growing animals, 5 mo of HA exposure that was discontinued before somatic maturation induced acinar remodeling that increased lung compliance and reduced the resistance of blood-gas diffusion barrier to diffusion that persisted into adulthood, but without permanent enhancement of alveolar tissue growth.

scholarly journals Changes in Lung Ultrastructure Following Heterologous and Homologous Serum Albumin Infusion in the Treatment of Hemorrhagic Shock

1979 ◽  
Vol 189 (2) ◽  
pp. 236-242 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALD S. MOSS ◽  
TAPAS K. DAS GUPTA ◽  
RICHARD BRINKMAN ◽  
LAKSHMAN SEHGAL ◽  
BOBBIE NEWSOM
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Hemorrhagic Shock ◽  
Albumin Infusion ◽  
Homologous Serum ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure

Effects of nitrogen dioxide and ozone on monkey lung ultrastructure

Lung ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 150 (2-4) ◽  
pp. 99-111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bils
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure

scholarly journals Immunomodulation of Pneumococcal Pulmonary Infection withNG-Monomethyl-l-Arginine

1999 ◽  
Vol 43 (9) ◽  
pp. 2283-2290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Bergeron ◽  
Nathalie Ouellet ◽  
Marie Simard ◽  
Martin Olivier ◽  
Michel G. Bergeron
Keyword(s):  
Pneumococcal Pneumonia ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Inflammatory Reactions ◽  
Host Protection ◽  
No Release ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure ◽  
Factor Alpha ◽  
Synthase Inhibitor

ABSTRACT It has recently become apparent that inflammatory reactions including nitric oxide (NO) release contribute to the outcome of pulmonary infections. To investigate the effect ofNG -monomethyl-l-arginine (L-NMMA), a NO synthase inhibitor, on the pathogenesis of pneumococcal pneumonia, we inoculated CD1 Swiss mice with 107 CFU ofStreptococcus pneumoniae. Treatment with two daily subcutaneous injections of 3 mg of L-NMMA per kg of body weight (over a 5-day period) reproducibly delayed mortality, as the number of surviving mice 72, 84, and 96 h after infection was increased by 16.8% (P < 0.05), 25.0% (P< 0.005), and 11.5% (P < 0.05), respectively. In fact, the following chronology of events was noted in L-NMMA-treated infected animals, compared to the untreated infected controls. (i) At 12 to 24 h after infection, larger amounts of leukotriene B4 in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid associated with greater neutrophilia in lung tissue and alveolar spaces and more persistent release of tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-1 alpha (IL-1α), and IL-6 were observed. (ii) At 24 to 72 h, there was better preservation of lung ultrastructure, including reduction of edema in the interstitium and protection of alveolar spaces, despite identical bacterial growth in lungs, in L-NMMA-treated infected animals than in untreated animals. (iii) At 72 to 96 h, the death rate was delayed, despite the absence of antibiotic therapy. In our experiment, partial blockade of NO release was achieved. These data indicate that NO plays an important role in the induction of tissue injury and death during pneumococcal pneumonia and that L-NMMA is helpful for host protection.

The normal human lung: ultrastructure and morphometric estimation of diffusion capacity

1978 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Gehr ◽  
Marianne Bachofen ◽  
Ewald R. Weibel
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Diffusion Capacity ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure ◽  
Normal Human

Lung Ultrastructure of Exercising Monkeys After Nitrogen Dioxide Exposure

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 314-315
Author(s):  
Robert F. Bils
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Dioxide ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Atmospheric Pollutants ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Physiological Changes ◽  
Toxic Gases ◽  
Lung Ultrastructure ◽  
Resistance To Infection ◽  
Common Laboratory

Mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits and other common laboratory animals have been used in toxicology for many years. However, extrapolation of results to humans will always be under question. Although subhuman orimates have been utilized in many areas of research, little work has been done on the effects of toxic gases on the respiratory system of monkeys. Henry et al. bserved an emphysematous condition in monkey lungs exposed to 50 ppm NO2 for 2 hrs. while studying resistance to infection.This is the beginning of a comprehensive project exposing exercising monkeys to atmospheric pollutants, and analyzing the morphological, biochemical and physiological changes that occur.

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