Effect of Incubation Temperature on Morphology, Growth, and Survival of Juvenile Sceloporus undulatus

2000 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin M. Andrews ◽  
Tom Mathies ◽  
Daniel A. Warner
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Sceloporus Undulatus ◽  
Growth And Survival

Effect of pH, Acidulant, Time, and Temperature on the Growth and Survival of Listeria monocytogenes

1989 ◽  
Vol 52 (8) ◽  
pp. 571-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
KENT M. SORRELLS ◽  
DAVIN C. ENIGL ◽  
JOHN R. HATFIELD
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Listeria Monocytogenes ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Ph Values

The effect of different acids, pH, incubation time, and incubation temperature on the growth and survival of four strains of Listeria monocytogenes in tryptic soy broth was compared. Hydrochloric acid (HCl), acetic acid (AA), lactic acid (LA), malic acid (MA), and citric acid (CA) were used to acidify tryptic soy broth to pH values 4.4, 4.6, 4.8, 5.0, and 5.2 pH. Incubation times were 1, 3, 7, 14, and 28 d at 10, 25, and 35°C. The inhibition of L. monocytogenes in the presence of high acidity appears to be a function of acid and incubation temperature. Based on equal pH values, the antimicrobial activity is AA > LA > CA ≥ MA > HCl at all incubation times and temperatures. When based on equal molar concentration, the activity appeared to be CA ≥ MA > LA ≥ AA > HCl at 35 and 25°C, and MA > CA > AA ≥ LA > HCl at 10°C. Greatest antimicrobial activity occurred at 35°C. Greatest survival occurred at 10°C and greatest growth occurred at 25°C. Final pH of the medium was as low as 3.8 in HCl at 28 d. All strains grew well at pH values lower than the minimum previously reported (5.5–5.6).

scholarly journals Effects of Incubation Temperature on Growth and Production of Exopolysaccharides by an Antarctic Sea Ice Bacterium Grown in Batch Culture

2005 ◽  
Vol 71 (7) ◽  
pp. 3519-3523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Mancuso Nichols ◽  
John P. Bowman ◽  
Jean Guezennec
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Ice ◽  
Batch Culture ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Cell Number ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Batch Cultures ◽  
Optimum Growth Temperature ◽  
Antarctic Sea Ice ◽  
Uronic Acid Content

ABSTRACT The sea ice microbial community plays a key role in the productivity of the Southern Ocean. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) is a major component of the exopolymer secreted by many marine bacteria to enhance survival and is abundant in sea ice brine channels, but little is known about its function there. This study investigated the effects of temperature on EPS production in batch culture by CAM025, a marine bacterium isolated from sea ice sampled from the Southern Ocean. Previous studies have shown that CAM025 is a member of the genus Pseudoalteromonas and therefore belongs to a group found to be abundant in sea ice by culture-dependent and -independent techniques. Batch cultures were grown at −2°C, 10°C, and 20°C, and cell number, optical density, pH, glucose concentration, and viscosity were monitored. The yield of EPS at −2°C and 10°C was 30 times higher than at 20°C, which is the optimum growth temperature for many psychrotolerant strains. EPS may have a cryoprotective role in brine channels of sea ice, where extremes of high salinity and low temperature impose pressures on microbial growth and survival. The EPS produced at −2°C and 10°C had a higher uronic acid content than that produced at 20°C. The availability of iron as a trace metal is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, where it is known to limit primary production. EPS from strain CAM025 is polyanionic and may bind dissolved cations such at trace metals, and therefore the presence of bacterial EPS in the Antarctic marine environment may have important ecological implications.

Sex-specific effects of developmental temperature on morphology, growth and survival of offspring in a lizard with temperature-dependent sex determination

2020 ◽  
Vol 130 (2) ◽  
pp. 320-335
Author(s):  
Ariel L Steele ◽  
Daniel A Warner
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Adaptive Significance ◽  
Similar Reaction ◽  
Temperature Dependent ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Specific Effects ◽  
Offspring Sex ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Incubation Temperatures

Abstract The developmental environment plays a pivotal role in shaping fitness-relevant phenotypes of all organisms. Phenotypes are highly labile during embryogenesis, and environmental factors experienced early in development can have profound effects on fitness-relevant traits throughout life. Many reptiles exhibit temperature-dependent sex determination (TSD), whereby temperature during embryonic development permanently determines offspring sex. The leading hypothesis for the adaptive significance of TSD posits that egg incubation temperature differentially affects the fitness of males vs. females so that each sex is produced at its optimal temperature. The goal of this research is to address this hypothesis by quantifying the sex-specific effects of incubation temperature on phenotypes and survival in a lizard (Agama picticauda) with TSD. By incubating eggs under constant and fluctuating temperatures, we demonstrated that incubation temperature affects fitness-relevant phenotypes in A. picticauda; but males and females had similar reaction norms. However, females produced from female-biased incubation temperatures had greater survival than those from male-biased temperatures, and male survival was lowest for individuals produced from a female-biased temperature. In addition, eggs incubated at male-biased temperatures hatched earlier than those incubated at female-biased temperatures, which may have sex-specific consequences later in life as predicted by models for the adaptive significance of TSD.

Maternal and environmental influences on growth and survival of embryonic and hatchling snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina)

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (10) ◽  
pp. 2667-2676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald J. Brooks ◽  
Michele L. Bobyn ◽  
David A. Galbraith ◽  
James A. Layfield ◽  
E. Graham Nancekivell
Keyword(s):  
Egg Size ◽  
Hatching Success ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Chelydra Serpentina ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Snapping Turtles ◽  
Rates Of Growth ◽  
Hatching Rates

Clutches of six female snapping turtles (Chelydra serpentina) each were distributed among six incubators set at one of three constant temperatures (22.0, 25.6, and 28.6 °C) in either a wet (−100 kPa) or a dry (−500 kPa) vermiculite substrate. We tested for influences of egg mass, clutch, and incubation temperature and moisture on survival of embryos and hatchlings, on size at hatching, and on rate of post-hatching growth over 7 months. Intraclutch variation in egg mass had no effect on embryonic mortality. Mass at hatching was correlated with egg mass, but neither variable was related significantly to post-hatching survival or rate of growth. Eggs incubated at the highest temperature produced smaller hatchlings which subsequently grew more slowly than those from eggs incubated at the low and intermediate temperatures. Eggs incubated at the intermediate temperature produced larger turtles at 7 months post-hatching than did eggs incubated at the low or high temperatures. Eggs incubated in wet substrates produced larger hatchlings than those in dry substrates, but post-hatching growth rates were independent of these effects of moisture. Eggs incubated at the two extreme temperatures produced mostly females; those at 25.6 °C produced only males. Interclutch variation was significant for egg mass, mass at hatching, and survival of embryos, and was the most important influence on variation in post-hatching rates of growth. These results indicate that egg size and size at hatching may not be useful indicators of intraspecific variation in egg quality or post-hatching success in turtles, unless differences among clutches and embryonic thermal experience are also considered, particularly in relation to parental investment in the amount, quality, and apportionment of the egg's yolk.

Influence of incubation temperature on the hatchability of eggs, post-natal growth and survival of turkeys

1935 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexis L. Romanoff
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Low Temperatures ◽  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
High And Low Temperatures

The exposure of turkey eggs during the latter part of incubation, to temperatures (uniform around the egg) ranging from 30–5 to 41–5° C, in intervals of one degree, showed that:1. The hatchability was best at temperatures of from 36 to 38° C.; then it declined with a greater slope towards high than towards low temperature.(2) The time of hatching was progressively delayed, from 1 to 3 days, towards high and low temperatures.(3) The weight of birds at hatching from eggs exposed to various temperatures was fairly uniform.

scholarly journals Incubation temperature impacts nestling growth and survival in an open-cup nesting passerine

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 3270-3279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilie A. Ospina ◽  
Loren Merrill ◽  
Thomas J. Benson
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Temperature ◽  
Growth And Survival ◽  
Nestling Growth ◽  
Temperature Impacts
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