De Facto Demilitarization: Budget-Driven Downsizing in Latin America

1994 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrice Franko
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Defense Spending ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
Past President ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
The Relationship

The international financial community has recently joined the arms control community in scrutinizing the relationship between military spending and economic growth. The Independent Group on Financial Flows to Developing Countries, headed by Helmut Schmidt, recommended (in Facing One World) that priority in financial assistance be given to countries that spend less than 2% of their gross domestic product (GDP) on security (The Economist, 1991a: 61). Robert McNamara, past president of the World Bank as well as a former US Secretary of Defense, supported this proposal in his speech before the World Bank Annual Conference on Development Economics (April 1991), recommending that military expenditures, as a percentage of GDP, be reduced by 50%. Nicole Ball, in Pressing for Peace: Can Aid Induce Reform?, argues cogently for conditioning international assistance on the initiation, or acceleration, of reforms in defense spending in the developing world (Ball, 1992).

scholarly journals The World Bank & financing tuberculosis control, 1986-2017

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Manveer Rahi ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Public Partnerships

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is among the leading contributors to global mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and has had a major socioeconomic cost in recent history. The World Bank is a leading institution for global health governance and financing, but little research has concentrated on the role of the World Bank in global tuberculosis control. Methods: We tracked the development of the World Bank’s policies and associated financial flows for tuberculosis control. First, we performed a scoping review of both published and grey literature. Second, we used the Bank’s Projects & Operations database to construct a dataset of all World Bank projects with funding allocated to the “Tuberculosis” theme from 1986 to 2017.  Finally, we analysed the World Bank’s funding patterns alongside wider funding for tuberculosis using the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Development Assistance for Health database. Results: We identified four periods in the World Bank’s involvement in global tuberculosis control, from the recognition of tuberculosis as a global health issue to the creation of a global coalition against tuberculosis. Between 1986 and 2017 the World Bank undertook 79 projects with financing from its core lending divisions with a tuberculosis control theme or focus. Within the 79 projects the Bank committed 19.6% of funding, or $0.9bn, towards tuberculosis control. The World Bank has been involved in increasingly vertical programming with a growing proportion of project funding invested into tuberculosis control over time. However, after the formation of private-public partnerships against tuberculosis in 2002 such as the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria, the Bank’s core financing decreased and private-public partnerships provided increasing levels of substitutive financing for tuberculosis control. Conclusions: The World Bank has been pivotal in leading global financing, garnering advocacy and creating widespread coalition in the battle against tuberculosis control in recent decades.

Human Capital and Agriculture Performance in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Eny Lestari Widarni ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Vector Direction ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This study aims to investigate the vector direction of the relationship between agriculture performance, employment in agriculture, and education in Indonesia. This research uses the vector analysis method. where the dependent variable and the independent variable take turns to see the direction of the relationship of each variable to each other. All data used in this study are sourced from the world bank data. We found that labor absorption in the agricultural sector in Indonesia continues to decline very sharply, it becomes a threat to agriculture performance in the future. Because there is a decline in performance in the future due to labor shortages and it is possible that the agricultural sector will be completely destroyed when there is a shortage of labor in this sector if the interest of the Indonesian youth in the agricultural sector is not invested.

scholarly journals The relationship of the GDR to the World Bank Group

1975 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Wilhelm Bruns
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
World Bank Group ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Bank Group ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

scholarly journals EXPLORING THE COMPLEMENTARITY BETWEEN FOREIGN TECHNOLOGY, EMBEDDED TECHNOLOGY AND INCREASE OF PRODUCTIVE CAPACITY

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer González-Blanco ◽  
Mercedes Vila-Alonso ◽  
Manuel Guisado-González
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Productive Capacity ◽  
Foreign Technology ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Random Effects Models ◽  
Embedded Technology ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
License Agreements ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

This study analyzes the complementarity of foreign technology acquired under license agreements, technology embedded in machinery and equipment and increase in a company’s productive capacity. We use panel data on Brazilian manufacturing companies from the World Bank Surveys. We used the random effects models, estimated by maximum likelihood. The results indicate that foreign technology, embedded technology and increase of productive capacity have a positive and significant impact on labor productivity. The complementarity test reveals that the relationship between the two technologies analyzed is conditionally substitutive and that the relationship between each of these technologies and increase of productive capacity is conditionally complementary.

scholarly journals The World Bank & financing tuberculosis control, 1986-2017

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Manveer Rahi ◽  
Genevie Fernandes ◽  
Janelle Winters ◽  
Devi Sridhar
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Tuberculosis Control ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
Health Database ◽  
Public Partnerships

Background: Tuberculosis is among the leading contributors to global mortality and morbidity from infectious diseases and has had a major socioeconomic cost in recent history. The World Bank is a leading institution for global health governance and financing, but little research has concentrated on the role of the World Bank in global tuberculosis control. Methods: We tracked the development of the World Bank’s policies and associated financial flows for tuberculosis control. First, we performed a scoping review of both published and grey literature. Second, we used the World Bank’s Projects & Operations database to construct a dataset of all World Bank projects with funding allocated to the “Tuberculosis” theme from 1986 to 2017.  Finally, we analysed the World Bank’s funding patterns alongside wider funding for tuberculosis using the Institute of Health Metrics and Evaluation’s Development Assistance for Health database. Results: We identified four periods in the World Bank’s involvement in global tuberculosis control, from the recognition of tuberculosis as a global health issue to the creation of a global coalition against tuberculosis. Between 1986 and 2017 the World Bank undertook 79 projects with financing from its core lending divisions with a tuberculosis control theme or focus. Within the 79 projects, the World Bank committed 19.6% of funding, or $0.9bn, towards tuberculosis control. The World Bank has invested significantly into Direct Observation of Treatment, Short-course chemotherapy (DOTS). After the formation of private-public partnerships against tuberculosis in 2002 such as the Global Fund to Fight HIV/AIDS, TB and Malaria, the World Bank’s core financing decreased and private-public partnerships provided increasing levels of substitutive financing for tuberculosis control. Conclusions: The World Bank has been pivotal in leading global financing, garnering advocacy and creating widespread coalition in the battle against tuberculosis control in recent decades.

Political infighting threatens 2022 Bosnian elections

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Third Wave ◽  
Financial Flows ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Third ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World

Significance This was the third day of protests in Bosnia-Hercegovina (BiH) against negligent and corrupt authorities. COVID-19 has revealed the extent of Bosnia’s structural, administrative and political chaos, which is steadily escalating as politicians ignore the pandemic and key reforms as they fight for power and money. Impacts The World Bank expects only a slow GDP rebound of 2.8% in 2021 from a 4.0% contraction in 2020. A pandemic third wave requiring second- and third-quarter lockdowns would continue the 3.2% year-on-year contraction in the first quarter. Financial flows in the Federation are being hampered by politically paralysed appointments to the supervisory Securities Commission.

Finding and facing facts about legal systems and foreign direct investment in South Asia

Legal Studies ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 649-689 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amanda Perry-Kessaris
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Direct Investment ◽  
South Asia ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Direct Investment ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Legal Systems ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

It has become commonplace to argue that foreign direct investment (FDI) flows are to some extent determined by the effectiveness of host state legal systems – the institutions and officials involved in the creation and implementation of law, including courts and judges, bureaucrats, and politicians, in their capacity as makers and implementers of law. The primary concern of the paper is how this dominant theory can be tested – that is, what methods can we use to test the extent to which the effectiveness of legal systems affects success in attracting FDI? The analysis focuses in particular on South Asia, the US and the UK, The paper considers what data on FDI and legal systems are necessary and available for conducting a statistical regression test of the theory. It establishes that the data available until recently were inadequate. The paper then considers the extent to which recent empirical studies, conducted under the auspices of the World Bank, produce useful facts for the purpose of testing the relationship between FDI and legal systems. These new data sets are recommended by the World Bank Group's Foreign Investment Advisory Service (FIAS), and thus provide a useful insight into the type of information assumed by theorists to be available, and useful, to investors. The paper therefore also considers how the theory that legal systems are determinants of FDI can be implemented by investors – that is, what information exists upon which they can base their location decisions? It is concluded that many points, fundamental and finer, about the relationship between legal systems and FDI remain to be explored. We have a neat, intellectually appealing theory. Sadly, we still do not have the facts to test it, nor for investors to implement it.

Queer in the Time of Homocapitalism

Out of Time ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 136-173
Author(s):  
Rahul Rao
Keyword(s):  
International Economic ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Financial Crisis ◽  
World Bank ◽  
Global Financial Crisis ◽  
Gender And Sexuality ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World ◽  
The Relationship

In the wake of Uganda’s Anti Homosexuality Act, the World Bank cancelled a loan to the country, precipitating the production of international economic governmentality to promote respect for LGBTI rights, or what this chapter calls ‘homocapitalism’. The chapter reads this development as part of the instrumentalization of gender and sexuality for the rehabilitation of capitalism following the most recent global financial crisis. It argues that the Bank’s efforts to disincentivize homophobia by ascribing it a cost reinforce the hegemony of neoliberal reason. The chapter criticizes the Bank’s culturalist understanding of homophobia, arguing that this allows it to position itself as external to the problem, rather than as implicated in its production. It offers a political economy account of homophobia in Uganda that highlights the relationship between neoliberalism and Pentecostal Christianity, a key vehicle for conservative discourses around sexuality. It concludes with reflections on how homocapitalism might be resisted.

Third Annual Conference of the Parliamentary Network on the World Bank, Bern, May 9-11, 2002

10.1596/24885 ◽  
2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. Wolfensohn ◽  
Abdoulaye Wade ◽  
Mike Moore
Keyword(s):  
World Bank ◽  
Annual Conference ◽  
The World Bank ◽  
The World
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