Relative Deprivation Revisited: A Response to Miller, Bolce, and Halligan

1979 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faye Crosby
Keyword(s):  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Urban Riots ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Curve Theory

This article challenges some of the conclusions drawn in “The J-Curve Theory and the Black Urban Riots,” by Abraham Miller, Louis Bolce and Mark Halligan (1977). Miller et al. reject relative deprivation theory and J-curve theory as valid explanations of black urban rioting. In my argument that Miller et al. are not justified in rejecting relative deprivation theory, I shall review four versions of relative deprivation theory to show how Miller et al. misrepresent the theory and to point out methodological problems with their operationalization of theoretical variables. Because these operationalization problems are far from atypical, I conclude with a call for greater methodological rigor.

The J-Curve Theory and the Black Urban Riots: An Empirical Test of Progressive Relative Deprivation Theory

1977 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 964-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham H. Miller ◽  
Louis H. Bolce ◽  
Mark Halligan
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Relative Deprivation ◽  
Empirical Test ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Future Expectations ◽  
Theoretical Concepts ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Urban Riots ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Curve Theory

A time-series analysis of individual level, perceptual data disconfirms the J-curve theory of the black urban riots (i.e., that they arise because a period of progress was followed by a sharp decline) and suggests that ambiguities surrounding black people's perceptions of their economic situation probably led to the frustration that culminated in urban violence.The methodological component of the research deals with such problems of relative deprivation-based research as: (1) the substitution of aggregate, objective-level indicators for perceptual theoretical concepts; (2) the correspondences between objective and perceptual data on both a point-by-point basis and across time-series patterns; (3) the empirical implications of failing to look at important subgroup distinctions; and (4) the crucial assumption of all forms of relative deprivation theory that future expectations of need fulfillment, especially in the period of rising satisfactions, are a function of current levels of need fulfillment. The research calls for modifications in the structure and application of relative deprivation theory in light of the findings in these areas.

scholarly journals Mumbai slums and the search for 'a heart': ethics, ethnography and dilemmas of studying urban violence

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Atreyee Sen
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Urban Violence ◽  
Nationalist Movement ◽  
Urban Riots ◽  
Killing Fields ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Working Class Women ◽  
Urban Conflict

In this article, I have explored some of the methodological problems faced by anthropologists when they conduct fieldwork in volatile ethnographic settings. My own fieldwork was based in the slums of Mumbai, one of the commercial capitals of India, where working-class women had allied themselves with a violent, Hindu nationalist movement. The ‘fundamentalist’ women, who had organised themselves into a miltant, semi-religious task force, played a vital role in orchestrating urban riots. While living and working with these women, I found myself a helpless, often frightened bystander to various forms of factional ‘war’. Would, should, could I prevent this overt use of violence and threats? That was always my primary dilemma. The eerie spectre of ethics continued to haunt my work during the writing-up stage, even though I was far, far away from my killing fields. In this article, I have tried to highlight and address some of the dilemmas of studying urban conflict, in a bid to emotionally equip future research scholars studying the anthropology of violence.

scholarly journals Can quality improvement improve the quality of care? A systematic review of reported effects and methodological rigor in plan-do-study-act projects

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Søren Valgreen Knudsen ◽  
Henrik Vitus Bering Laursen ◽  
Søren Paaske Johnsen ◽  
Paul Daniel Bartels ◽  
Lars Holger Ehlers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quality Improvement ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Clinical Practices ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Full Analysis ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Key Features ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Almost All

Abstract Background The Plan-Do-Study-Act (PDSA) method is widely used in quality improvement (QI) strategies. However, previous studies have indicated that methodological problems are frequent in PDSA-based QI projects. Furthermore, it has been difficult to establish an association between the use of PDSA and improvements in clinical practices and patient outcomes. The aim of this systematic review was to examine whether recently published PDSA-based QI projects show self-reported effects and are conducted according to key features of the method. Methods A systematic literature search was performed in the PubMed, Embase and CINAHL databases. QI projects using PDSA published in peer-reviewed journals in 2015 and 2016 were included. Projects were assessed to determine the reported effects and the use of the following key methodological features; iterative cyclic method, continuous data collection, small-scale testing and use of a theoretical rationale. Results Of the 120 QI projects included, almost all reported improvement (98%). However, only 32 (27%) described a specific, quantitative aim and reached it. A total of 72 projects (60%) documented PDSA cycles sufficiently for inclusion in a full analysis of key features. Of these only three (4%) adhered to all four key methodological features. Conclusion Even though a majority of the QI projects reported improvements, the widespread challenges with low adherence to key methodological features in the individual projects pose a challenge for the legitimacy of PDSA-based QI. This review indicates that there is a continued need for improvement in quality improvement methodology.

The J-Curve Theory

1978 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1357-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Chowning Davies
Keyword(s):  
J Curve ◽  
Curve Theory

scholarly journals Pengaruh Perubahan Nilai Tukar Rupiah Terhadap Neraca Transaksi Berjalan Indonesia, Periode 1990.I – 2004.II (Kasus Indonesia - Amerika Serikat)

2007 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arintoko Arintoko ◽  
Faried Wijaya
Keyword(s):  
Exchange Rate ◽  
Real Exchange Rate ◽  
Current Account ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Rate Change ◽  
Exchange Rate Change ◽  
Empirical Results ◽  
Real Gdp ◽  
J Curve ◽  
Curve Theory

This research investigates the effects of exchange rate change on the relative current account and real GDP in Indonesia to US. This research provides time series evidence for the period of first quarter of 1990 to second quarter of 2004 under flexibel exchange rate regimes. The analysis is based on a J-Curve theory. First, this research employs unit root, cointegration and Granger causality tests and summarizes the relationships between real exchange rate, the current account, and real GDP. Second, the standard theoretical explanation of the JCurve effect is used to motivate a vector autoregression(VAR) and error correction mechanism(ECM) analysis of real exchange rate change on the relative current account, and real GDP for Indonesia to US. This research finds weak evidence of a J-Curve for the Indonesia current account, in fact these empirical results reject the J-Curve hypothesis. The empirical study finds little evidence that a currency depreciation causes a current account deficits in the short run in Indonesia-US bilateral data and no evidence of a reliable long run effect of exchange rate change on the current account. Interestingly, empirical results show that these evidence are not consistent with the standard theoretical explanation of the J-Curve. Consequently, these empirical results pose a strong challenge for international economic theory and policy.Keywords: exchange rate change, current account, real GDP, and J-Curve theory

Denial and Defensiveness in the Place of Fact and Reason: Rejoinder to Smith and Lovaas

1997 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank M. Gresham ◽  
Donald L. Macmillan
Keyword(s):  
Outcome Measure ◽  
Physical Punishment ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Random Assignment ◽  
Statistical Regression ◽  
Educational Placement ◽  
Methodological Rigor ◽  
Experimental Validity ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Hearing Officers

The Smith and Lovaas (1997) rebuttal to our article (Gresham & MacMillan, 1997) is defensive, factually inaccurate, and often trivial in its attempts to distract readers from the more important issues of methodological rigor and experimental validity. Smith and Lovaas inaccurately claim that the EIP studies incorporated all six features outlined by the National Institutes of Health for scientifically sound outcome studies and still do not admit to any methodological problems with the lack of random assignment, instrumentation, statistical regression, and use of educational placement as an outcome measure. More important for schools and fair hearing officers, Smith and Lovaas do not adequately address the issues of external validity or generalizability of their findings across sites, subjects, parents, treatment implementers, and to settings in which physical punishment cannot be used. We indicate that the EIP results are indeed promising; however, the evidence presented to date is not as compelling as Smith and Lovaas suggest. Smith and Lovaas's inability to concede any methodological limitations of the EIP studies should give the parental, educational, and research communities reason for concern.

Theoretical and Methodological Problems of a 10-Year Follow-Up Program Evaluation Study

2002 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 229-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt A. Heller ◽  
Ralph Reimann
Keyword(s):  
Program Evaluation ◽  
Evaluation Studies ◽  
Evaluation Study ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Long Term Study ◽  
Partial Inclusion ◽  
Methodological Problems

Summary In this paper, conceptual and methodological problems of school program evaluation are discussed. The data were collected in conjunction with a 10 year cross-sectional/longitudinal investigation with partial inclusion of control groups. The experiences and conclusions resulting from this long-term study are revealing not only from the vantage point of the scientific evaluation of new scholastic models, but are also valuable for program evaluation studies in general, particularly in the field of gifted education.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document