Initiative and Response in Soviet Foreign Policy

1963 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Richard J. Barnet
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
General Theory ◽  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
Historical Period ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Source Materials

IT is a commonplace in the West to think of Soviet foreign policy in terms of a grand strategy. Yet the subject has more often than not intimidated scholars into taking the route of specialization. Problems of obtaining source materials as well as the desire to avoid complexity and controversy have frequently discouraged Sovietologists from approaching foreign policy in other than small pieces. During the past year, however, several new books have been added to the small number which both offer detailed analysis of an extended historical period and approach the development of general theory. Each of the books covers a broad period and each uses the technique of focusing on a particular instrument of Soviet foreign policy.

The Uncertainty of Soviet Foreign Policy

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
S. I. Ploss
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Political Behavior ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy

Politics cannot tolerate indulgence, it must be logical and consistent.” This was a lesson in Soviet foreign policy which N. S. Khrushchev administered in July 1957, or just after the organizational finale to his bitter struggle with V. M. Molotov, whom the victorious leader accused of favoring “the policy of ‘tightening all the screws’” in relations with the West. However, in the past two and a half years, erraticism has often marked the Kremlin's foreign political behavior. Does this vacillation originate entirely in “objective” pressures on the party First Secretary and premier, or in his own allegedly impulsive nature, or may it sometimes be due in part to a recurrence of factional clashes in the Soviet hierarchy?

Soviet “New Thinking” and the Central American Crisis

1987 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 87-106
Author(s):  
Voytek Zubek
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Reform ◽  
Central American ◽  
The West ◽  
Ongoing Process ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
New Thinking ◽  
Potential Success ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Domestic Policies

A revolution can only be legitimate if it is capable of defending itself(Lenin, Sochinenia).While it is Still too Early to draw decisive conclusions about the ongoing process of reform in the USSR, there are some observations that might safely be made. Glasnost has generally come to be viewed as a profound attempt to re-evaluate a number of time-honored principles of Marxism-Leninism before the actual undertaking of perestroika (policy reform) itself. If the scope and potential success of perestroika are the subject of heated scholarly debate in the West, a consensus holds that, thus far, a process of rethinking, re-evaluating, and transforming approaches to domestic policies in the USSR lie at its core. In light of the importance of the reform for the evolution of the Soviet domestic system, its influence upon the conduct of Soviet foreign policy represents an intriguing area for examination.

scholarly journals The Sino-Russian Relationship: Fellow Travellers in the West-dominated World

2018 ◽  
Vol 236 ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcin Kaczmarski
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
East Asia ◽  
Developing World ◽  
Grand Strategy ◽  
The West ◽  
Post Cold War ◽  
Dividing Line

A decade ago, Beijing's relations with Moscow were of marginal interest to China scholars. Topics such as growing Sino-American interdependence-cum-rivalry, engagement with East Asia or relations with the developing world overshadowed China's relationship with its northern neighbour. Scholars preoccupied with Russia's foreign policy did not pay much attention either, regarding the Kremlin's policy towards China as part and parcel of Russia's grand strategy directed towards the West. The main dividing line among those few who took a closer look ran between sceptics and alarmists. The former interpreted the post-Cold War rapprochement as superficial and envisioned an imminent clash of interests between the two states. The latter, a minority, saw the prospect of an anti-Western alliance.

Foreign Policy: USSR: Darshan Singh, (Ed.): Soviet Foreign Policy Documents, 1978. Sterling Publishers, New Delhi, 1980, xiv, 312 p., Rs. 100.

1982 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-112
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Persian Gulf ◽  
Mao Zedong ◽  
Border Region ◽  
The Political ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
The West ◽  
Policy Documents ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy

Foreign Policy: USSR: DARSHAN SINGH, ( Ed.): Soviet Foreign Policy Documents, 1978. JAPAN: RAJENDRA KUMAR JAIN: The USSR and Japan 1945–1980. CHINA: ANDREW WATSON, ( Ed.): Mao Zedong and the Political Economy of the Border Region (A Translation of Mao's Economic and Financial Problems). CHINA: H.D. MALAVIYA : Peking Leadership : Treachery and Betrayal. PERSIAN GULF: JAMES H. NOYES: The Clouded Lens: Persian Gulf Security and US Policy. PETER SINAI: New Lamps for Old: The Arabs and Iran Meet India's Energy Needs. AFRICA: MICHAEL A. SAMUELS, Ed.: Africa and the West. AFRICA: H.P.W. HUTSON: Rhodesia: Ending an Era.

Perceptions of foreign threats to the regime: From Lenin to Putin

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Shlapentokh
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Regime Change ◽  
Ruling Elite ◽  
The West ◽  
Current Regime ◽  
The Past

During his second term, Putin’s foreign policy was strongly influenced by the belief that the West’s hostility could help the opposition change the current regime, as the West had done in Ukraine and Georgia. A regime change would deprive the ruling elite, mostly people from the security police and army, of their power and illegally acquired wealth. Moscow restored, in early 2000, the ideology of Russia’s “encirclement” from the 1920s, which suggested that the country was surrounded by enemies in order to legitimize the regime. At the same time, as in the past, Moscow tried to punish the Western governments for their disrespect for the regime with an aggressive and uncooperative foreign policy.

Soviet foreign policy in the West, 1936-1941: A review article

2004 ◽  
Vol 56 (7) ◽  
pp. 1081-1100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Jabara Carley
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Review Article ◽  
The West ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy

The Union Republics and Soviet Diplomacy: Concepts, Institutions, and Practices

1959 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 383-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vernon V. Aspaturian
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Marked Contrast ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
The Past ◽  
Soviet Foreign Policy ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Precise Role

Ever since the constitutional improvisations of February 1, 1944, one of the enigmatic and obscure aspects of Soviet diplomacy has been the precise role of the Union Republics in its execution, administration and procedures. Aside from the participation of the Ukraine and Byelorussia in the work of the United Nations and its affiliated bodies and conferences, little attention has been paid to the role or potential of the Union Republics in Soviet foreign policy. Their apparent diplomatic inertia, however, is misleading, for in marked contrast to their meager formal participation in external affairs is their increasing implication in the quasi-diplomatic maneuvers of the Soviet Government. Furthermore, the juridical capacity of the Republics to embark on diplomatic adventures meets the formal canons of internal and international law, and remains intact in spite of the past dormancy of their diplomatic organs. At opportune moments it may be transmuted into concrete diplomatic benefits.

scholarly journals Identity and the concept of the West: the case of Brazil and India

2011 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Stuenkel
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
The West ◽  
Complex Combination ◽  
The Media ◽  
The Subject

This study aims to provide insights about how Brazil and India view and relate to the concept of the West, and how this affects their identity and foreign policy. Both countries' notions about the West are the subject of lively domestic discussion both in academia and the media, reflecting the struggle these countries find themselves in to define their identity as they rise. I argue that the concept of the West serves, in both Brazil and India, as a crucial concept to articulate their own identity-by a complex combination of criticizing, distancing itself from, or attempting to emulate the West.

A record of the trematode and cestode parasites of fishes from the Porcupine Bank, Irish Atlantic Slope and Irish Sea

Parasitology ◽  
1941 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 390-396 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gwendolen Rees ◽  
Jack Llewellyn
Keyword(s):  
Coastal Waters ◽  
Deep Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The West ◽  
The Past ◽  
Fresh Material ◽  
Junior Author ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Irish Sea ◽  
West Of Ireland

The trematode and cestode parasites of fishes inhabiting British coastal waters have been the subject of several studies in the past, but the parasites of deep-sea fishes have received comparatively little attention due probably to the difficulty of obtaining fresh material. In order that such material might be obtained, excursions were made by the junior author in a commercial trawler to some of the deep-sea fishing grounds lying to the west of Ireland, namely, the Irish Atlantic Slope and the Porcupine Bank. Two excursions were made, the first in August 1938 and the second in July 1939, each extending over a period of about 12 days. In addition, a study has been made of the parasites of some fishes from the Irish Sea from 1936 to 1939. The results of both surveys are incorporated in this paper, and the areas investigated are indicated in Table 1.

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