scholarly journals Learning through Policy Variation

2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (3) ◽  
pp. 480 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yair Listokin
Keyword(s):  
Policy Variation

scholarly journals Do Institutions Really Matter?

1998 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
SVEN STEINMO ◽  
CAROLINE J. TOLBERT
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Politics ◽  
Tax Policy ◽  
Economic Institutions ◽  
Coalition Governments ◽  
Institutional Variation ◽  
National Tax ◽  
Dominant Coalition ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Party Dominance

New institutionalism has emerged as one of the most prominent research agendas in the field of comparative politics, political economy, and public policy. This article examines the role of institutional variation in political/economic regimes in shaping tax burdens in industrialized democracies. An institutionalist model for tax policy variation is tested across the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) democracies. Countries are conceptualized and statistically modeled in terms of majoritarian, shifting coalition, and dominant coalition governments. Regression analysis and cluster analysis are used to statistically model cross-national tax burdens relative to the strength of labor organization and party dominance in parliament. This study finds that political and economic institutions are important in explaining tax policy variation. Specifying the structure of political and economic institutions helps to explain the size of the state in modern capitalist democracies. This article specifies and demonstrates which institutions matter and how much they matter.

Nationalization of the American States

1978 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 237-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathleen A. Kemp
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Time Series Analysis ◽  
Stable State ◽  
Relative Variation ◽  
Series Analysis ◽  
American States ◽  
Policy Variation

This paper describes a test of the nationalization thesis that the American states have become similar in their policies and that variance in states' policies has decreased to the point where no significant policy differences remain. A time series analysis of states' expenditures in four policy areas reveals that relative variation remains unchanged and that absolute variation increases in all policy areas during the 1958-1974 period. In addi tion, a time series analysis of the effect of region on policy variation provides no support for the argument that the process of diffusion results in a stable state of policy uniformity across time.

scholarly journals PNS170 CONFLICT OF INTEREST DISCLOSURE POLICY VARIATION IN HEALTH ECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH JOURNALS

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 ◽  
pp. S314-S315
Author(s):  
S.H. Kwon ◽  
R.B. McQueen ◽  
M. Whittington ◽  
M.K. Wynia ◽  
J. Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Health Economics ◽  
Conflict Of Interest ◽  
Outcomes Research ◽  
Disclosure Policy ◽  
Policy Variation

Policy Dynamics in Federal Systems: A Framework for Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kent Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A central puzzle in federalism research is that federal arrangements have been associated with a variety of policy effects, ranging from emulation of policy innovations among sub-national units to policy variation based on preferences of state or provincial voters and elites to a competitive “race to the bottom.” This article outlines twelve federalism policy dynamics discussed in the literature and provides an analytical framework for understanding when specific policy dynamics are likely to emerge, in either a strong or muted form. Shifts in four sets of facilitating and limiting conditions shape specific federalism policy dynamics and their emergence, consolidation, or weakening over time.

Explaining cross-regional policy variation in public sector reform: Institutions and change actors in the health sector in Spain

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raquel Gallego ◽  
Nicolás Barbieri ◽  
Sheila González
Keyword(s):  
Policy Change ◽  
Public Management ◽  
Regional Policy ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
Management Reform ◽  
Organizational Settings ◽  
Explanatory Relevance ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Policy Variation

How can we explain cross-regional policy variation? That is, how can we understand different policy outcomes within similar institutional and organizational settings? Scholars have recently reflected on the new institutionalist explanatory pitfall involved in assuming a causality link between institutional factors and policy outcomes and argue that such link needs to rely on evidence from policy variables. On this line, recent contributions have built a causal model that links types of institutional change to types of actors' roles and strategies, within particular contextual and organizational scenarios that favor or hinder their emergence. This paper pursues this explanatory interest by applying this model to the analysis of how decision-making by two regional governments in Spain has led to different institutional and policy change outcomes in the same policy sector, namely, public management reform in healthcare. This study confirms the explanatory relevance of the model's key variables, but provides evidence of how some of them may be reinterpreted to provide a dynamic explanation of their influence on the process and outcome of institutional and policy change.

Change in Local Authority Services for the Elderly in England, 1979–88

1991 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1741-1757 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hoggart ◽  
T A Smith
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Service Provision ◽  
Local Authority ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Socioeconomic Conditions ◽  
Local Authorities ◽  
Party Control ◽  
Fiscal Conditions ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Service Need

In most studies of service provision in local authorities it is assumed that councils respond directly to service need and fiscal conditions. In this paper it is argued that this is a fallacy as responses are conditioned by the filter of political party control. With a focus on nonmetropolitan counties and metropolitan boroughs and districts, it is shown that relationships between policy variation and socioeconomic conditions vary in Conservative-dominated and Labour-dominated councils. In particular, Conservative councils respond more notably to fiscal resources, whereas Labour authorities are more responsive to service need. Examination of changes in provision show that these patterns have persisted through the 1980s.

scholarly journals Influence over school discipline policy: Variation across levels of governance, school contexts, and time

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran
Keyword(s):  
Charter Schools ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Discipline Policy ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Governance School ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Little research explores the relative influence of various stakeholders on school discipline policy. Using data from the SASS and ordered logistic regression, this study explores such influence while assessing variation across schools types and changes over time. Principals consistently rate themselves and teachers as the most influential stakeholders over setting school discipline policy. The proportion of racial minorities in a school predicts greater influence from higher levels of governance while charter schools report less. Increases in influence of principals and teachers over time are documented. The results may inform both policymakers and practitioners as they work to improve equitable disciplinary outcomes for students.

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