Policy Dynamics in Federal Systems: A Framework for Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Kent Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Race To The Bottom ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Policy Dynamics ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Over Time

Abstract A central puzzle in federalism research is that federal arrangements have been associated with a variety of policy effects, ranging from emulation of policy innovations among sub-national units to policy variation based on preferences of state or provincial voters and elites to a competitive “race to the bottom.” This article outlines twelve federalism policy dynamics discussed in the literature and provides an analytical framework for understanding when specific policy dynamics are likely to emerge, in either a strong or muted form. Shifts in four sets of facilitating and limiting conditions shape specific federalism policy dynamics and their emergence, consolidation, or weakening over time.

Influence of Renminbi Internationalization on China’s Monetary Policy Effects: A Theoretical Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (8) ◽  
pp. 14
Author(s):  
Huiguan Ding ◽  
Asli Ogunc ◽  
Dale Funderburk ◽  
Shiyou Li ◽  
Zhebie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
Open Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Securities Markets ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Policy Effects ◽  
The People ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Rmb Internationalization

For more than a decade, the People’s Republic of China has sought to expand the degree of internationalization of its official currency. In recent decades, China has become the world’s second largest economy, as well as the world’s largest trading nation, and its securities markets are among the largest in the world. Today, the RMB is among the top five as a world payments currency. One of the significant costs of achieving higher degrees of internationalization of a country’s currency is the complicating impact it has on the efficacy and effect of that country’s domestic monetary policy.  However, what is the nature and extent of that complicating impact? This paper employs an IS-LM model of an open economy as an analytical framework, embeds an RMB internationalization factor into that model. Specifically, with this model we examine the impact of RMB internationalization on the effects of China’s monetary policy. 

scholarly journals Up with ecology, down with economy? The consolidation of the idea of climate change mitigation in the global public sphere

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 587-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuomas Ylä-Anttila ◽  
Juho Vesa ◽  
Veikko Eranti ◽  
Anna Kukkonen ◽  
Tomi Lehtimäki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Climate Change Mitigation ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Business Elites ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Change Mitigation ◽  
Over Time

Building on theories of valuation and evaluation, we develop an analytical framework that outlines six elements of the process of consolidation of an idea in the public sphere. We then use the framework to analyse the process of consolidation of the idea of climate change mitigation between 1997 and 2013, focusing on the interplay between ecological and economic evaluations. Our content analysis of 1274 articles in leading newspapers in five countries around the globe shows that (1) ecological arguments increase over time, (2) economic arguments decrease over time, (3) the visibility of environmental nongovernmental organizations as carriers of ecological ideas increases over time, (4) the visibility of business actors correspondingly decreases, (5) ecological ideas are increasingly adopted by political and business elites and (6) a compromise emerges between ecological and economic evaluations, in the form of the argument that climate change mitigation boosts, rather than hinders economic growth.

Welfare States in the Middle East and North Africa: Puzzles and Answers

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-51
Author(s):  
Ferdinand Eibl
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Welfare States ◽  
Theoretical Argument ◽  
Regime Formation ◽  
General Terms ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Over Time

Chapter 1 sets out the main empirical puzzles of the book, which are (i) the early divergence of welfare trajectories in the region and (ii) their long persistence over time. Drawing on literature from authoritarianism studies and political economy, it lays out the theoretical argument explaining this empirical pattern by developing a novel analytical framework focused on elite incentives at the moment of regime formation and geostrategic constraints limiting their abilities to provide welfare. It also outlines the author’s explanation for the persistence of social policies over time and broadly describes the three types of welfare regime in the region. It sbows the limitations of existing theories in explaining this divergence and bigbligbts the book’s contribution to the literature. The theoretical argument is stated in general terms and sbould thus be of relevance to political economy and authoritarianism scholars more broadly. The chapter ends with an outline of the chapters to come.

Conclusion

2020 ◽  
pp. 249-258
Author(s):  
Emily J. Charnock
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Political Development ◽  
Party System ◽  
Political Life ◽  
Party Change ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
Ideological Dimension ◽  
Over Time

This conclusion highlights the importance of PACs in twentieth-century American political development. The emergence of partisan PACs, initially formed by major interest groups, played an important and neglected role in fostering the polarization of American politics—a phenomenon that has raised concern in recent decades. Seeking to reconfigure party politics around specific policy issues—more broadly, to realign the party system along an ideological dimension of conflict—these PACs helped make the parties more distinct and more deeply divided over time. They did so via electoral tools and tactics that are now ubiquitous in political life but are rarely probed in scholarship. A focus on PACs thus illuminates the very mechanisms through which party change was brought about, as much as its wider meaning. The book concludes with a consideration of contemporary US politics, in which PACs continue to play a prominent role.

A FIRM-LEVEL STUDY OF THE INTERNATIONAL COMPETITIVENESS: THEORETICAL ANALYSIS AND EMPIRICAL FINDINGS

2006 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. 21-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. MA ◽  
M. LIAO
Keyword(s):  
International Competitiveness ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
International Competition ◽  
Competitive Advantages ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
International Context ◽  
Beijing Area ◽  
Innovative Capability ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Over Time

An analytical framework for conceptualizing the issue of international competitiveness at the firm level is presented taking into account that the firms are increasingly being exposed to international competition. The model identifies three interdependent innovative capability dimensions, which offer insight into the sources of sustainable international competitive advantages over time: Technological capability, managerial capability and resource exploiting capability. The paper presents the challenges of these three components of innovative capability in an international context, and describes how a firm can develop and sustain competitiveness through the operation in the environment of globalization. Finally, based on data from 213 firms in the Beijing area, the paper proves that these three innovative capability components are closely related to international competitiveness. The study reinforces the importance of innovative capability composition in internationalization decision-making and suggests further research in this context.

Historical Institutionalism and Judicial Decision-Making

2017 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erik Bleich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Hate Speech ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Historical Institutionalism ◽  
Judicial Decision ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Judicial Decision Making ◽  
High Court ◽  
Original Dataset ◽  
Over Time

This article integrates insights from different veins of historical institutionalism to offer an analytical framework that specifies how ideas, institutions, and actors account for key aspects of judicial decision-making, including change over time. To the extent that ideas are widely distributed, highly salient, and stable among actors in the judicial field, they can affect patterns of rulings in a particular issue area. The distribution, salience, and stability of norms, however, may change over time for reasons embedded in the institutional structures themselves. Existing policies, laws, or treaties create the potential for new actors to enter the judicial field through processes that theorists of institutional change have identified as intercurrence, displacement, conversion, layering, and drift. New actors can shift the relative salience of ideas already rooted in the judicial field. This ideational salience amplification can alter patterns of judicial decision-making without the fundamental and often costly battles involved in wholesale paradigm change. French high court hate speech decisions provide the context for the development of this framework and serve to illustrate the dynamic. The author uses evidence from an original dataset of every ruling by the French Court of Cassation regarding racist hate speech from 1972 through 2012 to explain the varying propensity of the high court to restrict speech that targets majorities compared to minorities.

scholarly journals Influence over school discipline policy: Variation across levels of governance, school contexts, and time

2017 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
F. Chris Curran
Keyword(s):  
Charter Schools ◽  
School Discipline ◽  
School Contexts ◽  
Discipline Policy ◽  
Ordered Logistic Regression ◽  
Governance School ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Little research explores the relative influence of various stakeholders on school discipline policy. Using data from the SASS and ordered logistic regression, this study explores such influence while assessing variation across schools types and changes over time. Principals consistently rate themselves and teachers as the most influential stakeholders over setting school discipline policy. The proportion of racial minorities in a school predicts greater influence from higher levels of governance while charter schools report less. Increases in influence of principals and teachers over time are documented. The results may inform both policymakers and practitioners as they work to improve equitable disciplinary outcomes for students.

scholarly journals Breaking the Liberal-Market Mold? Family Policy Variation Across U.S. States and Why It Matters

2020 ◽  
pp. 431-458
Author(s):  
Cassandra Engeman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Family Policy ◽  
The United States ◽  
Policy Models ◽  
Gender Neutral ◽  
Policy Variation ◽  
State Legislative ◽  
Over Time

AbstractDrawing from U.S. state legislative documents, this chapter examines the development of subnational leave policies across states and over time. The research identifies 72 leave laws adopted by states between 1942 and 2017 and shows how some states are more active than others. In comparison to other countries, states quickly abandoned female-targeted policies in favor of gender-neutral, individual entitlements, and leave rights in the United States can be uniquely distinguished by whether they provide time-off to address medical or caregiving needs. I argue that American lawmakers have an opportunity to layer wage-replacement benefits on top of preexisting, gender-neutral and individual entitlements to job-protected leave in a step toward gender-egalitarian family policy models found in other countries.

scholarly journals Family Archives in the Basque Country (1990-2018): a Specific and Integral Management Area

Atlanti ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-149
Author(s):  
Borja F. Aguinagalde
Keyword(s):  
Digital Images ◽  
Basque Country ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Common Element ◽  
Specific Work ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Specific Policy ◽  
Management Area ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Over Time

Family archives are a common element of the cultural-documentary heritage of all European countries. Public policies must manage programs of support, investment, recovery and diffusion of these archives, in cooperation with their owners. For 30 years, the Basque Government has been developing a program of these characteristics, to which it dedicates approximately € 450,000 each year. The elements that define this specific policy: (1) is a proactive policy, which has mapped these archives, located and identified them, and proposed a specific work program to their owners; (2) the objective is to order, describe and digitize them; (3) the archives are integrated into the website of the Archives System of the Basque Country (4 million digital images, 700,000 descriptions and 5.5 million sacramental records). This policy of promotion and investment, which is sustained over time, has been a success.

scholarly journals Mos geometricus v. Reality: Quantity, Quality, Time and Information in Combat Simulations since the Middle Ages

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-202
Author(s):  
Jürg Gassmann ◽  
Samuel Gassmann
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Analytical Framework ◽  
Life And Death ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Combat ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Simulated Training ◽  
Key Questions ◽  
The Middle Ages

Abstract The non-lethal simulated training of lethal reality, whether it be single combat or war, was historically a question of life and death. We provide an analytical framework for evaluating historical precedents in fight simulations by focussing on two key questions: What was the philosophy guiding the conception of reality – in particular, did historical practitioners see reality as deterministic, and if not, how did they see it? And how did the simulations deal with the elements of quantity, quality, timing, and information? The analysis shows that our ancestors’ perception of the reality of fighting chan-ged over time, as their interpretations of reality for the world at large changed. Considerable intellectual effort and ingenuity were invested into attempts to understand reality and formulate corresponding realistic simulations, making these ludic artefacts reflective, sometimes iconic for, and occasionally ahead of their historical-cultural context. Seemingly irrational phenomena, such as the persistence of lethal duelling, had perfectly pragmatic elements.

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