International Terrorism: A Survey of Foreign Policy Responses

1986 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 257
Author(s):  
Andrew Selth
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Policy Responses

scholarly journals What is terrorism (according to the news)? How the German press selectively labels political violence as “terrorism”

Journalism ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 146488492110170
Author(s):  
Valerie Hase
Keyword(s):  
Political Violence ◽  
News Media ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
German Press

Baghdad, Christchurch or Paris: Over the last years, many cities were the location of extremist attacks – but only some incidents were covered as “terrorism”. Journalists selectively attach the label to particular acts of political violence. This study analyses how characteristics of attacks and their perpetrators influence whether news media portray incidents as terrorism. Based on attacks between 2012 and 2018 ( N = 86,668) and their coverage in the German press ( N = 5411), the study finds that highly lethal incidents in Western countries are more likely to be called terrorism. Moreover, news more often portrays violence by Islamist extremists as terrorism than attacks by right- or left-wing extremists. Small or inconsistent effects emerge when comparing violence by lone actors to those by groups and domestic to international terrorism. The study illustrates that news is highly selective in which acts of political violence are presented as terrorism, which may foster stereotypes and prevent policy responses towards different forms of extremism.

Thailand in 2015

Asian Survey ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kitti Prasirtsuk
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Military Regime ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
The Military

Under the military regime, Thailand struggled to design a new constitution. As the recently drafted document was rejected, another Constitutional Drafting Committee was installed, in effect delaying the return to electoral democracy for almost a year, until mid-2017 or so. Meanwhile, a bomb blast in downtown Bangkok that killed about 20 people revealed not only the risk of international terrorism but also the dilemma of Thai foreign policy.

A Desultory Defense of Democracy: OAS Resolution 1080 and the Inter-American Democratic Charter

2006 ◽  
Vol 48 (03) ◽  
pp. 93-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry S. Levitt
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Domestic Politics ◽  
State Behavior ◽  
Member States ◽  
Policy Responses ◽  
Collective Response ◽  
Competing Hypotheses ◽  
Multilateral Diplomacy

AbstractThis article evaluates the effectiveness of OAS mechanisms for safeguarding democracy through multilateral diplomacy, what some scholars have dubbed the interamerican defense of democracy regime. Drawing on a range of international relations theories, this study derives competing hypotheses about member states' responses to democratic crises in the Americas. It then analyzes all instances in which a collective response—that is, an application of Resolution 1080 or the Inter-American Democratic Charter—was debated in the OAS between 1991 and 2002. Patterns of state behavior suggest that domestic politics, rather than the structural or systemic traits of the interamerican system, best explain foreign policy responses to crises of democracy in the region. The OAS record in confronting such crises is uneven.

Peacemaking as an important part of Russian foreign policy

2020 ◽  
pp. 63-68
Author(s):  
S. M. Ivanov
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Cold War ◽  
International Organizations ◽  
Arms Race ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Russian Foreign Policy ◽  
Soviet Space ◽  
The Cold War ◽  
Post Soviet Space

The article examines such an important aspect of Russian foreign policy as peacekeeping. Russia has been participating in many activities to maintain and strengthen peace in the post-Soviet space and in other regions of our planet. This activity is successfully carried out in the formats of the UN, CIS, CSTO, OSCE, other international organizations and on a bilateral basis. The author notes that the role of peacekeeping is growing immeasurably in the context of attempts to revive the atmosphere of the Cold War, the ongoing arms race in the world, the build-up of nuclear missile potentials of a number of countries, and the intensifi cation of the forces of international terrorism represented by radical Islamist groups.

International Terrorism and the Political Survival of Leaders

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1343-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johann Park ◽  
Valentina Bali
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Well Being ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Terrorist Attacks ◽  
The Political ◽  
Security Threats ◽  
Political Survival ◽  
Transnational Terrorism ◽  
Policy Failures ◽  
Terrorist Events

This study examines whether transnational terrorist attacks impact the political survival of leaders. We argue that external security threats, such as those from transnational terrorist incidents, can undermine incumbent target governments by exposing foreign policy failures and damaging society’s general well-being. Yet, terrorism may not destabilize democratic governments as a result of citizens rallying around their elected leaders in threatening times. Focusing on Archigos’ survival leadership data and International Terrorism: Attributes of Terrorist Events’ terrorism data for the 1968–2004 period, we find that autocrats who experience higher instances of transnational terrorist attacks are more likely to exit power. Democrats, however, are relatively secure to the destabilizing influence of transnational terrorism.

scholarly journals Iran’s Fight against International Terrorism

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 252-265
Author(s):  
G. G. Machitidze
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
Gradual Transition ◽  
Regional Organization ◽  
Political Independence ◽  
International Environment ◽  
Arab League ◽  
Arab States ◽  
Arab Israeli Conflict ◽  
Second World

Abstract: The article analyzes the reasons that prompted the Arab states to consolidate their efforts and create the League of Arab States. Attention is focused on the deep differences that existed between the states that came forward with the idea of strengthening Arab unity and determined the nature of this regional organization and the features of its charter, which provided its members with the opportunity to preserve their political system, sovereignty and the specifics of foreign policy.The heterogeneous nature of LAS had an impact on its the goals and objectives. The focus of this organization was to protect pan-Arab interests and support all Arab states in achieving political independence.The aggravation of the situation in Palestine after the Second World War became a central item on the agenda of all the Arab League meetings. This organization indicated its position on the Palestinian issue in the preparatory period for its official proclamation. The article discusses the activities of the Arab League, aimed at introducing a complete boycott of Israel, which, amid expansion of the Arab League, other Arab states also joined. The Arab-Israeli conflict, due to the targeted efforts of the Arab League, consolidated the Arab geopolitical community and contributed to the formation of a national Arab identity. The LAS in its documents built a common Arab narrative, having two underpinnings: the recognition of the Palestinian Arab people as a victim of the Western powers and Zionists, as well as foreign policy of Israel.The article traces the relationship between the activities of the Arab League and the changes that have occurred in the regional and international environment. The gradual transition of the Arab League to the search for a political settleme maintain Arab unity by using the traditional tool – the unresolved Arab-Israeli conflict. The LAS member-states should have taken a pan-Arab stance on the settlement of the Arab-Israeli conflict in order to preserve national identity. The refusal of all Arab League members to accept the American settlement plan, proposed by D. Trump administration in early 2020, was a confirmation that this regional organization retains its position as a defender of Arab unity and pan-Arab interests.

scholarly journals Transformation of the U. S. National Strategy for Counterterrorism during the presidency of Barack Obama

2021 ◽  
pp. 48-58
Author(s):  
Tamara Guramovna Marzoeva
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Barack Obama ◽  
International Terrorism ◽  
National Strategy ◽  
Donald Trump ◽  
Smart Power ◽  
White House ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Multilateral Cooperation

Tracing the evolution of Barack Obama's National Strategy for Counterterrorism is relevant for a variety of reasons. First and foremost, foreign policy and globalist trends were the reason for coming to power of the next president-isolationist Donald Trump. Secondly, many experts believe that the current administration of the White House pursues a successive foreign policy course namely in relation to the concept of B. Obama. And ultimately, consideration of the factors that affect the transformation of foreign policy strategy, and its counterterrorism component in particular, may contribute to forecasting similar processes under other administrations. The conclusion is made that Barack Obama preferred multilateral cooperation over unilateral coercive course; and the vector towards harmonization of relations with the Muslim world triggered the revision of the “struggle against terrorism” paradigm of George Bush Jr. B. Obama’s administration declared the transition from the concept of preventive strikes towards the concept of “smart power” and “leading from behind”, which manifested in the course of anti-terrorist operation in Syria. The author notes that the activity of Barack Obama in countering international terrorism is characterized by the departure from the tactics of conducting large-scale and costly wars of George Bush Jr. to joint targeted counterterrorism operations.

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