Prospective Liability Regimes for the Transboundary Movement of Hazardous Wastes

1994 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean D. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Hazardous Wastes ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Determined Manner

At the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro, governments decided to cooperate “in an expeditious and more determined manner” to develop international law regarding liability and compensation for transnational environmental damage. UNCED, however, did not decide whether this development should proceed broadly through codification of principles or rules encompassing all types of transnational environmental damage or more narrowly through the establishment of liability and compensation regimes tailored to specific issues of environmental damage.

Contemporary Practice of the United States Relating to International Law

1993 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-111
Author(s):  
Marian Nash
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
United States ◽  
New York ◽  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
George Bush ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
Contemporary Practice

On September 8, 1992, President George Bush transmitted to the Senate for advice and consent to ratification the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, adopted at New York on May 9, 1992, by the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee for a Framework Convention on Climate Change and signed on behalf of the United States at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) in Rio de Janeiro on June 12, 1992.

New Ways to Make International Environmental Law

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoffrey Palmer
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
International Law ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Law ◽  
International Environmental Law ◽  
Political Will ◽  
Environmental Challenges ◽  
The World ◽  
Environment And Development

The purpose of this article is to suggest new ways to make international law for the environment. The existing methods are slow, cumbersome, expensive, uncoordinated and uncertain. Something better must be found if the environmental challenges the world faces are to be dealt with successfully. Nearly twenty years after the Stockholm Declaration, we still lack the institutional and legal mechanisms to deal effectively with transboundary and biospheric environmental degradation. The 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development presents an opportunity to make progress. Unfortunately, my reading of the situation in late 1991 suggests that there is no political will to take decisions that will give us the tools to do the job.

Measuring the Negotiation Burden of Multilateral Environmental Agreements

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miquel Muñoz ◽  
Rachel Thrasher ◽  
Adil Najam
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Governance ◽  
Environmental Agreements ◽  
Global Environmental Governance ◽  
Multilateral Environmental Agreements ◽  
Global Environmental ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Over Time

The Global Environmental Governance (GEG) system has grown significantly since the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro. In this paper we analyze ten leading Multilateral Environmental Agreements (MEAs), reviewing various quantitative indicators (related to time, resources and commitment) to chart their evolution and to measure the “negotiation burden” that the burgeoning GEG system is imposing on states and secretariats. We find that these representative MEAs have not only grown in size but also have become busier over time, although there are indications that as the GEG system “matures,” it may also be stabilizing. Among other things, we find that the reported budget for these ten MEA secretariats has grown nine-fold in sixteen years, from US$ 8.18 million in 1992 to US$ 75.83 million in 2007. Counting only the most important of meetings, and using the number of meeting days as an indicator of the “negotiation load,” we find that the negotiation load for the leading MEAs has stabilized, averaging around 115 meeting days per year. Decisions also seem to plateau at about 185 per year.

Beyond Rio: “Insuring” Against Global Warming

1992 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 445-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher D. Stone
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
General Assembly ◽  
United Nations General ◽  
United Nations General Assembly ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
The United Nations

In 1989 the United Nations General Assembly voted to convene a Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) to be held in Rio de Janeiro in June 1992, with the highest possible level of participation. One of the major items on the agenda—many maintain, the highest priority—is a treaty to cope with climate change. Toward that end, the Assembly established the Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee, which was to try to finish drafting an effective framework convention on climate change in time to be signed at the conference.

Global urban development: the case of africa

1995 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-207
Author(s):  
Walther Manshard
Keyword(s):  
United Nations ◽  
Urban Development ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Environmental Problems ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Agenda 21 ◽  
The South ◽  
Environment And Development ◽  
Sub Saharan

An attempt is made to describe the global urban situation, stressing important aspects of cross-cultural links and environmental problems for the urban development of sub-Saharan Africa. As a consequence of Agenda 21, passed at the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development in Rio de Janeiro (1992), there exists an urgent and growing need to analyse further and assess the research and planning of urban development in the South.

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