3,000 Years of Occupation in Upper Valley Nasca: Excavations at Upanca

2006 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Vaughn ◽  
Moisés Linares Grados
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Late Archaic ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Surplus Production ◽  
Early Intermediate Period

We report recent excavations undertaken at the residential village Upanca located 1,600 m above sea level in the Nasca region of Peru in the Central Andes. Although fieldwork was initiated to evaluate the site's participation in the Early Nasca craft economy, excavations revealed a long occupation beginning in the Late Archaic (ca. 3000–1800 B.C.) and extending into the Early Intermediate period (ca. A.D. 1–750), with a principal component dating to the Early Nasca period (ca. A.D. 1–450). The Early Nasca component revealed high polychrome consumption, confirming previous assessments of Early Nasca's craft economy, and association with extensive agricultural terracing, suggesting surplus production beginning in the Early Intermediate period.

scholarly journals The southern Jê and adaptation to the wetland areas on the southern of the Araucarias plateau/Brazil

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-747
Author(s):  
Jones Fiegenbaum ◽  
Marina Schmidt Dalzochio ◽  
Eduardo Périco ◽  
Neli Teresinha Galarce Machado
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Interdisciplinary Studies ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Human Relations ◽  
Running Water ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
The Right

The Jê archeology has witnessed in the last decades a significant increase in information on the pattern of settlement, subsistence, mobility and ceremonial practices as a result of major projects developed in the South Brazilian Plateau. With the beginning of a systemic and procedural view in archeology, interdisciplinary studies in archaeological research are directed to the study on the understanding of human relations with the environment. Between the basins of the Forqueta and Guaporé Rivers, both tributaries of the right bank of the Taquari/Antas River, twenty-one archaeological sites were found with the presence of pit houses associated with Jê groups. Of the twenty-one areas of identified pit houses, nineteen are in areas close to wetlands. In an interdisciplinary perspective, we seek to understand the reasons why Jê groups established settlements close to wetlands. Six criteria were analyzed regarding the installation of pit houses and the proximity to wetlands, namely hydrography, distance from rivers with running water, clinography, terrain slope, hypsometry, altitude in relation to sea level, soils, soil quality, distance from wetlands, and phytoecological region (vegetation cover). The patterns of occupation of Jê groups were analyzed using the Principal Component Analysis technique on the variables presented.

Reawakening of the beauty: Heliconia montana is distinct from H. venusta (Heliconiaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 400 (5) ◽  
pp. 279
Author(s):  
ÁNGELA MORALES-TRUJILLO ◽  
MARÍA DEL PILAR SEPÚLVEDA-NIETO ◽  
LUIS HERNANDO HURTADO TOBÓN ◽  
LILIANA KATINAS ◽  
MARÍA JOSÉ APODACA
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Central Andes ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Hummingbird Pollination ◽  
Principal Component Analyses

Heliconia montana and H. venusta are endemic to the tropical forests of the Central Andes. They belong to Heliconiaceae, a family recognized by the showy inflorescences of its members and hummingbird pollination. Both species were already established in 1983 but, just a few years later, the name H. montana was synonymized under the name H. venusta. Observations of populations of both species show that they differ by features evident in the field. A floral morphometric and a Principal Component analyses yielded also a clear cut distinction between H. montana and H. venusta. Therefore, Heliconia montana is reinstated here. The morphological features that differentiate H. montana and H. venusta are discussed, presented in a key, and illustrated with photographs.

Lurin Valley, Peru: Early Intermediate Period Settlement Development

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Earle
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Direct Dominance

AbstractThe relationships between the social development in the upper Lurin valley and an expanding Early Intermediate period Lima state are examined. Internally, population growth and irrigation complexity progress together in the Lurin. Warfare, although not directly caused by population expansion, may function to regulate population. With irrigation and population expansion, a local social stratification originates but political control remains highly dispersed. A centralized control is only initiated by the external introduction of direct dominance by the Lima state.

Early Watertable Farming on the North Coast of Peru

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael West
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

An archaeological example of simple watertable farming dating to the beginning of the Early Intermediate period in the Viru Valley, northern Peru, is reported. This technique was deployed by functionally differentiated segments of a single community, one stressing fishing and the other farming. Analyses of pollens indicate that Zea, Leguminosae, and Solonaceae were grown in two separate field systems.

Sea Level Anomalies in the Southern Ocean due to Thermohaline Variability

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabien Roquet ◽  
Marlen Kolbe ◽  
Etienne Pauthenet ◽  
David Nerini
Keyword(s):  
Southern Ocean ◽  
Sea Level Rise ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
Salt Content ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Polar Front ◽  
Functional Principal Component Analysis ◽  
Global Ocean ◽  
Regional Variability ◽  
Steric Height

<div> <div> <div> <p>The Southern Ocean is responsible for the majority of the global oceanic heat uptake which contributes to global sea level rise. At the same time, ocean temperature does not change everywhere at the same rate and salinity changes are also associated with sea level variability. Changes in heat and salt content drive together variations in the steric height that differ importantly in both time and space. This study investigates steric height variability in the Southern Ocean from 2008 to 2017 by analysing temperature and salinity variations obtained from global ocean reanalyses. The thermohaline variability is decomposed on so-called thermohaline modes using a functional Principal Component Analysis (fPCA). Thermohaline modes provide a natural basis on which to decompose the joint temperature-salinity vertical profiles into a sum of vertical modes weighted by their respective principal components. Steric height was computed in the reanalyses and related to the principal component using a Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) model. Trends in steric height are found to differ significantly between subtropical and subpolar regions, simultaneously which with a shift from a thermohaline stratification dominated by the first "thermocline" mode in the North to the second "saline" mode in the South. The Polar Front appears as a natural boundary between the two regions, where steric height variations are minimized. Since 2008, steric height has dropped close to the Antarctic continent, while subtropical waters farther north have mostly risen due to increased heat storage. While the dominant cause for the significant sea level rise south of 30S remains freshwater discharge from glaciers and ice sheets, thermohaline variability produces sizeable regional variability in the rate of sea level rise.</p> </div> </div> </div>

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