EARLY INTERMEDIATE PERIOD AND MIDDLE HORIZON 1B CERAMIC ASSEMBLAGES OF HUAMACHUCO, NORTH HIGHLANDS, PERU

Ñawpa Pacha ◽  
1972 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John P. Thatcher
Keyword(s):  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Ceramic Assemblages

Subsistence Economies in Marginal Areas with Natural Constraints

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-317
Author(s):  
Nicolas Goepfert ◽  
Philippe Béarez ◽  
Aurélien Christol ◽  
Patrice Wuscher ◽  
Belkys Gutiérrez
Keyword(s):  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
Subsistence Economies ◽  
Marginal Areas ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
A Site

Chapter 11 reviews research at Bayovar-01, a site in the Sechura Desert of far northern Peru that dates to the transition between the Early Intermediate Period and the Middle Horizon (roughly between 550 and 770 cal AD). Situated in front of a paleolagoon that was only wet occasionally, the authors suggest that Bayovar-01 was a specialized fishing and fish preparation site exporting to other areas by llama caravans.

Graphically Modeling the Prehistory of Regional Interactions in the Moquegua Valley, Southern Peru

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kirk E. Costion ◽  
Ulrike Matthies Green
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Landscape ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Interaction Model ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Cultural Interaction ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Moquegua Valley

The Cross-Cultural Interaction Model was first developed specifically to help model the cultural interactions taking place in the Moquegua Valley of Southern Peru during the culturally dynamic early Middle Horizon. This chapter highlights the flexibility of the Cross-Cultural Interaction Model by using it to illustrate how regional interactions changed throughout the prehistoric sequence of this region. The Moquegua drainage is the easiest route from the highlands of the Southern Titicaca altiplano to the Pacific Ocean; in addition the middle Moquegua Valley is ideal for large-scale maize agriculture. As a result, regional interactions have been an integral element in this region’s cultural evolution. Starting with the Archaic Period and continuing through the Late Intermediate Period this chapter graphically explores the nature of the regional interactions that took place in each time period and how these interactions shaped the cultural landscape of the Moquegua Valley over time

Ancient pre-Columbian Peru, Bolivia and Mesoamerica

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles R. Ortloff
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Initial Period ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Middle Horizon ◽  
Canal Irrigation ◽  
Late Intermediate Period ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Horizon ◽  
The Many

Irrigation agriculture is a transformational technology used to secure high food yields from undeveloped lands. Specific to ancient South America, the Chimú Empire occupied the north coast of Peru from the Chillon to the Lambeyeque Valleys (Figure 1.1.1) from800 to 1450 CE (Late Intermediate Period (LIP)) and carried canal reclamation far beyond modern limits by applying hydraulics concepts unknown to Western science until the beginning of the 20th century. The narrative that follows examines hydraulic engineering and water management developments and strategies during the many centuries of agricultural development in the Chimú heartland of the Moche River Basin. The story examines how Chimú engineers and planners managed to greatly expand the agricultural output of valleys under their control by employing advanced canal irrigation technologies and the economic and political circumstances under which large-scale reclamation projects took place. The following time period conventions are used in the discussion that follow: Preceramic and Formative Period (3000–1800 BCE) Initial Period (IP) 1800–900 BCE Early Horizon (EH) 900–200 BCE Early Intermediate Period (EIP) 200 BCE–600 CE Middle Horizon (MH) 600–1000 CE Late Intermediate Period (LIP) 1000–1476 CE Late Horizon (LH) 1476–1534 CE. Chimú political power and state development was concentrated in Peruvian north coast valleys. Each valley contained an intermittent river supplied by seasonal rainfall runoff/glacial melt water from the adjacent eastern highlands. Over millennia, silts carried by the rivers from highland sources formed gently sloping alluvial valleys with fertile desert soils suitable for agriculture. An arid environment tied the Chimú economy to intravalley irrigation networks supplied from these rivers; these systems were supplemented by massive intervalley canals of great length that transported water between river valleys, thus opening vast stretches of intervalley lands to farming. The Chimú accomplishments and achievements in desert environment agricultural technologies brought canal-based water management and irrigation technology to its zenith among ancient South American civilizations, with practically all coastal cultivatable intervalley and intravalley lands reachable by canals brought under cultivation.

Lurin Valley, Peru: Early Intermediate Period Settlement Development

1972 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 467-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Earle
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Population Expansion ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
Highly Dispersed ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Direct Dominance

AbstractThe relationships between the social development in the upper Lurin valley and an expanding Early Intermediate period Lima state are examined. Internally, population growth and irrigation complexity progress together in the Lurin. Warfare, although not directly caused by population expansion, may function to regulate population. With irrigation and population expansion, a local social stratification originates but political control remains highly dispersed. A centralized control is only initiated by the external introduction of direct dominance by the Lima state.

Early Watertable Farming on the North Coast of Peru

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael West
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
North Coast ◽  
Intermediate Period ◽  
The North ◽  
Early Intermediate Period ◽  
Northern Peru ◽  
Field Systems ◽  
North Coast Of Peru

An archaeological example of simple watertable farming dating to the beginning of the Early Intermediate period in the Viru Valley, northern Peru, is reported. This technique was deployed by functionally differentiated segments of a single community, one stressing fishing and the other farming. Analyses of pollens indicate that Zea, Leguminosae, and Solonaceae were grown in two separate field systems.

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