Democracy, The Democratic Citizen: Social Science and Democratic Theory in the 20th Century and Participation and Democratic Theory

1972 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-83
Author(s):  
J. Frankel
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Democratic Citizen

The pre-history of health psychology in the United Kingdom: From natural science and psychoanalysis to social science, social cognition and beyond

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 472-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Murray
Keyword(s):  
Health Psychology ◽  
United Kingdom ◽  
Social Cognition ◽  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

Health psychology formally came of age in the United Kingdom in the 1980s, but it was prefigured by much discussion about challenges to the dominance of biomedicine in healthcare and debates. This articles focuses on what could be termed the pre-history of health psychology in the UK. This was the period in the earlier 20th century when psychological approaches were dominated by psychoanalysis which was followed by behaviourism and then cognitivism. Review of this pre-history provides the backdrop for the rise of health psychology in the UK and also reveals the tensions between the different theoretical perspectives.

scholarly journals The Influence of Felix Kaufmann’s Methodology on Harold Garfinkel’s Ethnomethodology

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44
Author(s):  
Martyn Hammersley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Edmund Husserl ◽  
Scientific Practice ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Other ◽  
Philosophy Of Social Science ◽  
Sociological Inquiry

This paper examines the “methodology,” or philosophy of social science, developed by Felix Kaufmann in the second quarter of the 20th century, with the aim of determining its influence on the early work of the sociologist Harold Garfinkel. Kaufmann’s two methodology books are discussed, one written before, the other after, his migration from Austria to the United States. It is argued that Garfinkel took over Kaufmann’s conception of scientific practice: as a set of procedural rules or methods that determine whether or not new propositions will be accepted into the corpus of scientific knowledge, and whether previously accepted propositions should be retained or abandoned. However, Garfinkel deployed this methodology not so much as a model for sociological inquiry, but rather for the processes by which the lifeworld is constituted—an area of investigation that is epistemologically prior to the focus of most social science, and one which had been opened up in the writings of Edmund Husserl and (especially) Alfred Schutz. It is suggested that Kaufmann’s “methodology” was an important complement to the work of these other two philosophers in their influence on Garfinkel.

Tyranny in Athens

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cinzia Arruzza
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Theory ◽  
Fourth Century ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Greek Literature ◽  
Ongoing Debate ◽  
Democratic Practice ◽  
Democratic Citizen ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Theory Of Democracy

This chapter offers a thorough analysis of both the literary tropes surrounding tyranny and the tyrant in fifth-century Greek literature—with some reference to fourth-century and later texts—and the function they played in democratic self-understanding. The chapter addresses the ongoing debate about the existence of a democratic theory of democracy in fifth- and fourth-century Athens, arguing that a proper democratic theory did not exist. Within the context of this debate, the chapter draws on theses of Diego Lanza, Giovanni Giorgini, and James F. McGlew that the depictions of tyranny in anti-tyrannical literature served the purpose of offering to the democratic citizen an inverted mirror with which he could contemplate the key features of democratic practice, by way of opposition. In other words, hatred for a highly stylized discursive representation of tyranny played a key role in democratic self-understanding.

Missed marks: This is no longer the 20th century

2021 ◽  
pp. 053901842110185
Author(s):  
Alexandre Hannud Abdo
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Scientific Communities ◽  
Rural Labor ◽  
Current Context ◽  
Science Information

Following an invitation by the editors of Social Science Information to react to an article by Olof Hallonsten, this article joins a debate about ways of evaluating science in our current context. This article presents an argument in support of the following four assertions and their importance to properly approach today the transformations of science evaluation and governance in the last decades: (a) scientific communities have failed to update their self-governance as societies transitioned from ‘rural-labor societies’ to ‘urban-knowledge societies’; (b) the ensuing discrepancy from expectations contributed to the economization of science; (c) we must consider two distinct processes of democratization; and (d) geopolitics plays an important role in the establishment of commodification in wealthy nations.

scholarly journals Introducing the Concept of Modernization in China in the 20th Century

2018 ◽  
pp. 157-160
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Social Thought ◽  
Modernization Theory ◽  
Genetic Method ◽  
Republic Of China ◽  
Colonial Expansion ◽  
Modern Chinese ◽  
Historical Comparative

This paper is devoted to the complex issues of introduction of modernization theory in modern social science of the People’s Republic of China. Based on the systems approach, the historical-comparative and historical-genetic method, the influence of the theories by K. Marx, M. Weber, T. Parsons and I. Wallerstein on modern Chinese social thought is analyzed. The theory of modernization is recognized as synthetic, but basically correlating with Westernization. It is concluded that in modern Chinese social science the direct comparison of primary modernization in Europe with secondary processes launched in the regions of Asia as a result of colonial expansion is incorrect. The materials of the paper are of interest to the researchers of China’s social thought, the theory of modernization.

scholarly journals Missionaries and Orientalists Studies of Chinese Islam- Before the 20th Century

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
Alimu Tuoheti
Keyword(s):  
Social Science ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Natural Science ◽  
Cultural Exchange ◽  
Modern Times ◽  
Religious People ◽  
Missionary Work ◽  
Chinese Scholars ◽  
The 19Th Century

In the 19th century, the development of natural science and the emergence of enlightenment gradually gave birth to social science in modern Europe. As Europe opened the door to China in the middle of the 19th century, Western academia began to pay attention to China, and Western theories and methods progressively entered China and were accepted by Chinese scholars. Most saliently, some Christian missionaries and Orientalists have completed more serious studies of Islam in China, and published several corresponding works and research results on this basis. During this period, those who studied Islam and Muslims in China could be divided into two categories. the Religious people, including Christian missionaries. and Scholars, including Orientalists. Subsequently, when Western missionaries entered China, they found the presence of a large Muslim group, so they began to study them and organize missionary work. Although this missionary activity proved unsuccessful in terms of the number of converts to Christianity, it maintains a certain positive significance regarding religious and cultural exchange, and cross-civilizational interaction. Documents recording the encounters between Christianity and Islam in China since modern times are scattered in journals such as Chinese Repository, The Chinese Recorder, Friends of Moslems, The Moslem World and China’s Millions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document