scholarly journals Convergence and correlations among leaf size and function in seed plants: a comparative test using independent contrasts

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (9) ◽  
pp. 1272-1281 ◽  
Author(s):  
David D. Ackerly ◽  
Peter B. Reich
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Size ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Independent Contrasts ◽  
And Function

Herbaceous monocot plant form and function along a tropical rain-forest light gradient: a reversal of dicot strategy

2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nathan G. Swenson
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Forests ◽  
Environmental Gradients ◽  
Plant Performance ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Plant Form ◽  
And Function ◽  
High Degree

Whole plant form and function vary spectacularly across the seed plants. In recent years, plant evolutionary ecologists have begun to document this diversity on large geographic scales by analysing ‘functional traits’ that are indicative of whole plant performance across environmental gradients (Swenson & Enquist 2007, Wright et al. 2004). Despite the high degree of functional diversity in tropical forests, convergence in function does occur locally along successional or light gradients (Bazzaz & Pickett 1980, Swaine & Whitmore 1988).

Organ Partitioning and Distribution across the Seed Plants: Assessing the Relative Importance of Phylogeny and Function

2007 ◽  
Vol 168 (5) ◽  
pp. 751-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Megan C. McCarthy ◽  
Brian J. Enquist ◽  
Andrew J. Kerkhoff
Keyword(s):  
Seed Plants ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Ovule development in Cycads: observation on anatomy and nucellus morphology in Zamia and Cycas

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xin Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Seed Plants ◽  
Seed Plant ◽  
Ovule Development ◽  
Unusual Structure ◽  
Pollination Drop ◽  
Primary Acceptor ◽  
And Function ◽  
Ovule Evolution

AbstractIn the ovule evolution, the integument is the most attention point in discussion as a morphologic character of the seed plants. There are several theories and hypotheses about the origin of the integument were presented in the history. However, the development and function of the ovule envelopes are not so clear until now. The development of thehe basal gymnosperms Cycas and Zamia were to investigated, especially of the integument to complement the existing knowledge in seed plants. The development of ovules of seed plant is documented with morphological and anatomical using LM and SEM.The nucellar beak found in Zamia is a structure that has not been recorded previously. It protrudes from the micropyle at pollination and may be the primary acceptor for pollen. There are striking similarities to the lagenostom or salpinx in Lyginopteridatae. There may be an evolutionary way to interpret the pollination drop existing in the Lyginopteridatae. Probably the nucellar beak of Cycads, even Ginkgoales have the same function with the lagenostom or salpinx of the Lyginopteridatea. Unfortunately, pollen and transport inside the pollination chambers have not been observed. Further analysis of this unusual structure seems to be very important.

Allometric Slopes and Independent Contrasts: A Comparative Test of Kleiber’s Law in Primate Ranging Patterns

2000 ◽  
Vol 156 (5) ◽  
pp. 519-533 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Nunn ◽  
Robert A. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Test ◽  
Independent Contrasts ◽  
Ranging Patterns ◽  
Kleiber’S Law

scholarly journals Drones provide spatial and volumetric data to deliver new insights into microclimate modelling

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Duffy ◽  
Karen Anderson ◽  
Dominic Fawcett ◽  
Robin J. Curtis ◽  
Ilya M. D. Maclean
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ancillary Data ◽  
Exciting Opportunity ◽  
Scale Temperature ◽  
Realistic Representation ◽  
Spatio Temporal ◽  
And Function

Abstract Context Microclimate (fine-scale temperature variability within metres of Earth’s surface) is highly influential on terrestrial organisms’ ability to survive and function. Understanding how such local climatic conditions vary is challenging to measure at adequate spatio-temporal resolution. Microclimate models provide the means to address this limitation, but require as inputs, measurements, or estimations of multiple environmental variables that describe vegetation and terrain variation. Objectives To describe the key components of microclimate models and their associated environmental parameters. To explore the potential of drones to provide scale relevant data to measure such environmental parameters. Methods We explain how drone-mounted sensors can provide relevant data in the context of alternative remote sensing products. We provide examples of how direct micro-meteorological measurements can be made with drones. We show how drone-derived data can be incorporated into 3-dimensional radiative transfer models, by providing a realistic representation of the landscape with which to model the interaction of solar energy with vegetation. Results We found that for some environmental parameters (i.e. topography and canopy height), data capture and processing techniques are already established, enabling the production of suitable data for microclimate models. For other parameters such as leaf size, techniques are still novel but show promise. For most parameters, combining spatial landscape characterization from drone data and ancillary data from lab and field studies will be a productive way to create inputs at relevant spatio-temporal scales. Conclusions Drones provide an exciting opportunity to quantify landscape structure and heterogeneity at fine resolution which are in turn scale-appropriate to deliver new microclimate insights.

Effect of elevated [CO2] on cell structure and function in seed plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Pooja Gokhale Sinha ◽  
Ashok Kumar Bhatnagar
Keyword(s):  
Elevated Co2 ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Structure And Function ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
And Function

scholarly journals Quantitative Trait Locus Analysis of Leaf Dissection in Tomato Using Lycopersicon pennellii Segmental Introgression Lines

Genetics ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 165 (3) ◽  
pp. 1541-1550
Author(s):  
Hans E E Holtan ◽  
Sarah Hake
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Morphological Diversity ◽  
Introgression Lines ◽  
Seed Plants ◽  
Lycopersicon Pennellii ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Trait Locus

Abstract Leaves are one of the most conspicuous and important organs of all seed plants. A fundamental source of morphological diversity in leaves is the degree to which the leaf is dissected by lobes and leaflets. We used publicly available segmental introgression lines to describe the quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling the difference in leaf dissection seen between two tomato species, Lycopersicon esculentum and L. pennellii. We define eight morphological characteristics that comprise the mature tomato leaf and describe loci that affect each of these characters. We found 30 QTL that contribute one or more of these characters. Of these 30 QTL, 22 primarily affect leaf dissection and 8 primarily affect leaf size. On the basis of which characters are affected, four classes of loci emerge that affect leaf dissection. The majority of the QTL produce phenotypes intermediate to the two parent lines, while 5 QTL result in transgression with drastically increased dissection relative to both parent lines.

Are long digits correlated with high forepaw dexterity? A comparative test in terrestrial carnivores (Carnivora)

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (5) ◽  
pp. 900-906 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew N Iwaniuk ◽  
Sergio M Pellis ◽  
Ian Q Whishaw
Keyword(s):  
Critical Role ◽  
Comparative Test ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Independent Contrasts ◽  
Raw Data ◽  
Morphological Basis ◽  
The Relationship

The relationship between manus proportions and forepaw dexterity in 33 species of carnivores (Carnivora) was examined. Both the analysis of "raw" data and independent contrasts revealed no significant correlation between the metacarpal–phalanx (MCP) ratio and forepaw dexterity. This result was corroborated by a common origins test, which indicated that changes in the MCP ratio were not coincident with changes in forepaw dexterity throughout carnivore evolution. Together, these results suggest that the morphological basis for variations in manipulative behaviour may be quite complex. Other morphological features, such as manus and carpal shape and myology, may play a critical role in forepaw dexterity, but are not manifested as changes in manus proportions. Behavioural observations also suggest that manus proportions may be correlated more closely with locomotion rather than non-locomotory forepaw usage.

Conformation of Ribosomes from Escherichia Coli

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 210-211
Author(s):  
M. Boublik ◽  
W. Hellmann ◽  
F. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Binding Sites ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Fluorescent Dyes ◽  
Protein Biosynthesis ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Complete Understanding ◽  
And Function

The present knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of ribosomes is far too limited to enable a complete understanding of the various roles which ribosomes play in protein biosynthesis. The spatial arrangement of proteins and ribonuclec acids in ribosomes can be analysed in many ways. Determination of binding sites for individual proteins on ribonuclec acid and locations of the mutual positions of proteins on the ribosome using labeling with fluorescent dyes, cross-linking reagents, neutron-diffraction or antibodies against ribosomal proteins seem to be most successful approaches. Structure and function of ribosomes can be correlated be depleting the complete ribosomes of some proteins to the functionally inactive core and by subsequent partial reconstitution in order to regain active ribosomal particles.

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