Lokales Leben, atlantische Welt: Die Entscheidung zur Auswanderung vom Rhein nach Nordamerika im 18. Jahrhundert (Local Life, Atlantic World: The Decision for Emigration from the Rhine to North America in the Eighteenth Century)

2001 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 183
Author(s):  
Marianne S. Wokeck ◽  
Georg Fertig
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic World

“The pleasure of receiving your favour”

2004 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-336 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen Valle
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Central Concept

The article deals with correspondence in natural history in the eighteenth century between England and North America. The corpus discussed consists of correspondence between John Bartram and Peter Collinson, and between Alexander Garden and John Ellis. The approach used in the study is qualitative and rhetorical; the main point considered is how the letters construct scientific centre and periphery in the eighteenth-century Atlantic world. A central concept is the “colonial exchange”, whereby “raw materials” from the colonies — in this case plant and animal specimens, along with proposed identifications and names — are exchanged for “finished products”, in this case codified scientific knowledge contained in publications.

Protestantism Outside Europe

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Häberlein
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Head Start ◽  
New England ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Religious Movements ◽  
Dutch Reformed ◽  
British Colonial ◽  
American Thought

The chapter traces the origins and development of Protestantism in the Dutch and British colonial world from the sixteenth to the mid-eighteenth century. While Catholicism enjoyed a huge head start over Protestantism in missionary endeavors outside Europe, Protestants began to challenge the overseas influence of Catholicism in principle and practice from the late sixteenth century onward. While New England Puritanism arguably made the most distinctive contribution to Protestant theology and the evolution of American thought and institutions, the chapter argues that Protestantism outside Europe was pluralistic. A variety of denominations and religious movements—Dutch Reformed Protestantism, Anglicanism, Quakerism, and continental European pietism—participated in the spread of Protestantism not only in North America, but in other parts of the Atlantic world as well as the Dutch dominions in Asia.

Passing as a Pastor: Clerical Imposture in the Colonial Atlantic World

2004 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Kidd
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Early Republic ◽  
Religious Authority ◽  
Religious Leaders ◽  
Early American Republic ◽  
Early American ◽  
True Value ◽  
Cultural Power

AbstractMany impostors in the eighteenth century tried to pass as pastors in North America's churches. This phenomenon showed how increasing engagement with the broader Atlantic world could carry ominous implications for colonial religious leaders, implications that would become manifest in the itinerancy of the evangelical revivals and, in the early republic, finally crush any hopes of centered American religious authority. Eighteenth-century episodes of clerical imposture help illuminate the increasing loss of cultural mastery faced by religious elites as a result of Atlantic anonymities, itinerant ministries, and democratic sensibilities. This article considers why so many in the eighteenth century attempted to pass as pastors, from British wanderers like the supposed brick-maker Samuel May to notorious criminals like Tom Bell or Stephen Burroughs. Understanding the conditions that led to these cases of clerical imposture leads to greater understanding of the nature of religious and cultural power in colonial North America and in the early American republic. The eighteenth century brought a crisis to America concerning the implications of cultural and demographic fluidity as elites worried more and more about assigning true value and uncovering conspiracy in a world newly dependent on appearances to establish authority. The increasing cosmopolitanism, immigration, and commerce helped make the colonial elites more wealthy and powerful, but they also now had to scramble to resist the potential for deception and imposture that the new engagements created. Such conditions made new room for con men, many of whom posed as pastors to access the power of religious authorities.

Indigenous Cosmologies of the Early Eighteenth-Century Atlantic World

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rivett
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
North American ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Knowledge Exchange ◽  
Human Diversity ◽  
Martha's Vineyard ◽  
Martha’S Vineyard ◽  
Early Eighteenth Century ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Challenges to biblical linguistics made it increasingly difficult to map human diversity. Consequently, early eighteenth-century language philosophers turned to the specificity of place to integrate language and national genealogy. Edward Lhwyd designed a comprehensive study of British languages. I contrast Lhwyd and his philosophical coterie with Joseph-Francois Lafitau’s and Cotton Mather’s attempts to explain to a European audience how the peopling and languages of North America accord with Genesis. Unmoored from the need to fit indigenous words back into a Christian cosmology and somewhat detached from the broader Atlantic network of knowledge exchange, missionary and indigenous philosophers arrived at new insights into North American linguistics. Among the Wampanoag in Plymouth and Martha’s Vineyard, the Abenaki in Maine, and the Miami-Illinois, Experience Mayhew, Josiah Cotton, Sebastian Rale, Jacques Gravier, and Antoine-Robert Le Boullenger compiled massive dictionaries that in some cases remain the most lasting evidence we have of these languages.

Lead Seals from Colonial Fort St. Joseph

2019 ◽  
pp. 101-133
Author(s):  
Cathrine Davis
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
North America ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Archaeological Sites ◽  
The Past ◽  
A Site

In the past forty years, historians have repeatedly noted that textiles were among the most sought after and ubiquitous trade goods in North America. However, although cloth-related artifacts such as straight pins, thimbles, fasteners, and lead seals are well represented, archaeological sites rarely yield textile scraps. Lead seals provide specific details concerning the types and origins of textiles once present at a site. These data attest to the interconnectedness and scope of the French Atlantic World. This chapter examines the information revealed through the identification and interpretation of lead seals from Fort St. Joseph, including how they situate the daily materiality of the occupants in the larger eighteenth-century world.

The “New Empire of Common Sense”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul B. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Common Sense ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Thomas Reid ◽  
The Enlightenment ◽  
Joseph Priestley ◽  
Common Sense Philosophy

Although the rise of Scottish common sense philosophy was one of the most important intellectual developments of the Enlightenment, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the reception of Scottish common sense philosophy in the Atlantic world during the second half of the eighteenth century. This chapter focuses on the British context in the period 1764–93, and examines published responses to James Oswald, James Beattie, and, especially, Thomas Reid. The chapter contextualizes the polemics of Joseph Priestley against the three Scots and argues that it was Joseph Berington rather than Priestley who was the first critic to claim that the appeal to common sense was the defining feature of “the Scotch school” of philosophy. It also shows that Reid was widely acknowledged to be the founder and most accomplished exponent of the “school”, whereas Beattie and Oswald were typically dismissed as being derivative thinkers.

Who Was This Man?

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitch Kachun
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Atlantic World ◽  
Life Experiences ◽  
Broad Context ◽  
Military Power ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Revolution

Chapter 1 introduces the broad context of the eighteenth-century Atlantic world in which Crispus Attucks lived, describes the events of the Boston Massacre, and assesses what we know about Attucks’s life. It also addresses some of the most widely known speculations and unsupported stories about Attucks’s life, experiences, and family. Much of what is assumed about Attucks today is drawn from a fictionalized juvenile biography from 1965, which was based largely on research in nineteenth-century sources. Attucks’s characterization as an unsavory outsider and a threat to the social order emerged during the soldiers’ trial. Subsequently, American Revolutionaries in Boston began the construction of a heroic Attucks as they used the memory of the massacre and all its victims to serve their own political agendas during the Revolution by portraying the victims as respectable, innocent citizens struck down by a tyrannical military power.

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