Workers' Welfare: Labour and the Welfare State in 20th-Century Australia and Canada

1996 ◽  
pp. 116
Author(s):  
Stephen Garton ◽  
Margaret E. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Welfare State

Zum Aufstieg und Niedergang des Normalarbeitsverhältnisses in Deutschland 1800-2010 - ein Forschungsprojekt

2009 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toni Pierenkemper ◽  
Klaus F. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Modern Concept ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Unemployment Rates ◽  
The Future ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractThis paper attempts to trace the construction of the standard employment contract in Germany from the beginning of the 19th century onwards. In 20th century Germany, it was reinforced alongside with the consolidation of the welfare state and developed into the modern concept of the standard employment contract. Due to globalization forces and dynamics of capitalist market economies, the standard employment contract has turned into an obstacle in the way of modern economy’s progress. The future might be determined by increasing work flexibility, rising working hours, falling income and increasing unemployment rates, rendering the standard employment contract anachronistic and obsolete.

scholarly journals Government-Voluntary Sector Compacts Reconsidered

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Rathgeb Smith
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Voluntary Sector ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
The World ◽  
The Welfare State

AbstractAs the articles in this special issue demonstrate, the emergence of government-voluntary sector compacts around the world is intimately linked to comprehensive transformations the welfare state is undergoing in many countries. The fact that the first compact was developed in England is significant; since the early 20th century, the development of the welfare state in many societies has been significantly influenced by the ideas coming from policymakers, scholars and advocates in the United Kingdom.

Efficiency and the Rise of the Welfare State

2020 ◽  
pp. 149-186
Author(s):  
Joseph Heath
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Economic Models ◽  
State Spending ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Economic ◽  
Western Democracies ◽  
The Welfare State

Even among supporters of the welfare state there are several different theoretical reconstructions of the normative commitments that are taken to underlie it, all of which are in tension with one another. The three normative purposes most commonly cited are equality, community, and efficiency. These give rise to a corresponding set of models, which I refer to as the egalitarian, communitarian, and public-economic models of the welfare state. The objective of this chapter is to show that the public-economic model of the welfare state, though the least popular among political philosophers, is actually the most plausible. Not only does it provide a superior account of the existing configuration of welfare-state activities, but it alone is able to explain why, in all Western democracies, state spending rose almost continuously over the course of the 20th century.

scholarly journals Social Mobility in Sweden Before the Welfare State

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thor Berger ◽  
Per Engzell ◽  
Björn Eriksson ◽  
Jakob Molinder
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Economic Growth ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Mobility ◽  
Census Data ◽  
And Migration ◽  
19Th And 20Th Century ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
The Welfare State

We use historical census data to show that Sweden exhibited high levels of intergenerational occupational mobility several decades before the rise of the welfare state. Mobility rates were higher than in other 19th- and 20th-century European countries, closer to those observed in the highly mobile 19th-century United States. We leverage mobility variation across Swedish municipalities to shed light on potential determinants: economic growth and migration are positively correlated with mobility, consistent with the patterns observed across countries.

scholarly journals A New Zealand perspective on Thomas Piketty’s ‘Capital in the Twenty first Century’

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Geoff Bertram
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Economic Literature ◽  
Mainstream Economic ◽  
Thomas Piketty ◽  
The Welfare State

During much of the second half of the 20th century the disappearance of distributional questions from the mainstream economic literature created little disquiet, because the experience of the period seemed consistent with the notion that market economies could combine growth and reasonable equality, without needing anything more than the normatively-driven apparatus of the welfare state to redistribute income at the margin in favour of the less fortunate. But now political economy is back. Thomas Piketty (2014) has breathed new life into the proposition that capitalism shares with other economic systems an inherent tendency for wealth and power to become concentrated in the hands of a narrow elite, and for the resulting inequality to become entrenched through inheritance.

Changes in the gendered nature of homicides: Comparing 20th- and 21st-century Finland

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 451-466 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suvi Virtanen ◽  
Herman Savinen
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Early 20Th Century ◽  
Female Offending ◽  
Male Perpetration ◽  
The Welfare State

Women commit fewer homicides than men, yet recent research has suggested that the nature of female-perpetrated homicides has started to resemble that of male perpetration. This study examines gender differences and changes in the nature of female and male homicides, and aims to demonstrate how developments in Finnish society, such as the formation of the welfare state, are reflected in the gendered nature of homicide offending. Data consist of samples from the early 20th and 21st centuries. Comparisons in frequencies are made concerning the profiles of the victim and the offender, as well as the context of the crime. Results indicate that female offending is more similar to male offending in the 21st century than it was in the early 20th century.

Workers' Welfare: Labour and the Welfare State in 20th-Century Australia and Canada

1996 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Garton ◽  
Margaret E. McCallum
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
The Welfare State

Foucault and the Welfare State

2005 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 551-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN T. BEREND
Keyword(s):  
Social Security ◽  
Welfare State ◽  
20Th Century ◽  
Social Problems ◽  
Individual Autonomy ◽  
The Welfare State

Michel Foucault's Madness and Civilization (1961) offers a comparison between two types of answers to the same social problems: unemployment, poverty and crime. In the earlier centuries exclusion was the answer. The French Hopital General (1656) replaced it by containment. The institution was a combination of a hospital and jail and offered a solution by isolating insane, unemployed and criminal people at the expense of the society. The 20th century welfare state has a different answer to the same questions. This is, however, challenged by financial limitations. Foucault offers a solution by combining social security and individual autonomy, which was not considered to be important before.

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