Sandy Lake Ware and Its Distribution

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 474-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leland R. Cooper ◽  
Elden Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
East Central ◽  
Temporal Duration ◽  
Protohistoric Period

AbstractA newly defined pottery named the Sandy Lake ware is described. This ware extends from northwestern Wisconsin westward across east-central Minnesota into the extreme Mississippi River headwaters region. It is associated with Clam River focus pottery in Wisconsin and in Minnesota. It has a beginning association with Blackduck focus pottery but has a temporal duration beyond Blackduck to the latest prehistoric and perhaps protohistoric period.

scholarly journals Recent Outbreak of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Iowa

Plant Disease ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 590-590
Author(s):  
S. Sanogo ◽  
X. B. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
Washington County ◽  
East Central ◽  
The North ◽  
Central District ◽  
Soybean Plants ◽  
Low Prevalence

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, was first found in four Iowa counties in 1993 at low intensities. Following the first report of the disease, a statewide survey in 1994 and 1995 showed an overall low prevalence of the disease, mainly in eastern Iowa (2). In 1998, an epidemic of the disease occurred with drastic increases in prevalence and severity at regional, local, and field levels. The disease was found in 31 Iowa counties covering five out of the nine Iowa crop-reporting districts, with expansion in occurrence northward and westward. There were 12 SDS-affected counties in the North Central and Central districts, and 19 in the East Central, Southeast, and Northeast districts. To assess the extent of SDS increase at the local level, extensive surveys were conducted in 1998 in three areas where previous surveys were made in 1994 or 1995. In Washington County (Southeast District), the frequency of infestation has increased from 5% (2 of 40 fields surveyed) in 1995 to 30% in 1998. In Black Hawk County (East Central District), 26% of the fields examined had SDS, compared with 4.5% in 1995 (2 of 44 fields). In Story County (Central District), 35% of soybean fields were found with SDS in 1998, as opposed to 3% (2 of 62 fields) in 1994. In previous surveys (2), large disease patches (about 1 ha) were not found in central Iowa and were mainly limited to eastern counties along the Mississippi River. However, approximately 30% of the infested fields surveyed in 1998 had two to five patches with areas from 0.5 to 2.5 ha. The remaining 70% of the fields had several patches of diseased soybean plants with areas ranging from 3 m2 to 0.5 ha. The largest disease patch observed was about 10 ha, covering half of a field in Black Hawk County. Percentage of field area affected by SDS varied from 3 to 15% in 60% of the fields where the disease was found, and from about 20 to 60% in the remainder. In all fields surveyed, SDS was confirmed based on the presence of bluish sporulation or isolation from taproots of representative plants. The outbreak supports the 1996 risk assessment (1) that SDS would become a major production concern in Iowa. References: (1) H. Scherm and X. B. Yang. Phytopathology 87:S86, 1997. (2) X. B. Yang and P. Lundeen. Plant Dis. 81:719, 1997.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Distribution of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Iowa

Plant Disease ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 81 (7) ◽  
pp. 719-722 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. B. Yang ◽  
P. Lundeen
Keyword(s):  
Sudden Death ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
State Level ◽  
Disease Prevalence ◽  
The State ◽  
Sudden Death Syndrome ◽  
East Central ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Field Information

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by blue-pigmented, slow-growing strains of Fusarium solani, is a disease recently reported in Iowa. In 1994 and 1995 the geographic distribution and status of the disease was determined at the state, local, and field levels. An east-to-west decreasing trend of SDS prevalence was found at the state level. No SDS was found in the western part of Iowa. The disease was found in commercial production fields in 4 Iowa crop reporting districts — central, north-central, east-central, and southeastern — with the greatest severity and the most frequent occurrence of SDS found in the east-central district. In two counties along the Mississippi River, disease prevalence was high; more than 50% of soybean fields had SDS in locations where surveys were conducted. Intensive surveys on a local scale were conducted in areas around the fields where the disease was first noticed. In areas where disease prevalence was low, all detected infested fields belonged to the same owners. In areas where disease prevalence was high, no such pattern was found. Disease incidence varied from field to field. Information on SDS occurrence at different geographic scales serves as baseline information to monitor the future development of the disease in Iowa.

scholarly journals Place names of six east central counties of Missouri

1933 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Esther Gladys Leech
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Missouri River ◽  
The State ◽  
Montgomery County ◽  
English Department ◽  
State University ◽  
Place Names ◽  
East Central ◽  
Salt River ◽  
Source Of Information

Counties: Audrain, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Ralls, and Randolph.||Graduate students in the English Department of the State University under the supervision of Dr. Robert L. Ramsay have treated, to date, fifty-four counties in six master's theses (see Bibliography). The six counties included in this work make a total of sixty, or over half the counties of the state. It is hoped that in a few more years the entire state will be covered, for much valuable information is being lost through the death of old residents, the best source of information. The counties studied in this thesis -- Audrain, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Ralls, and Randolph -- lie north of the Missouri River and extend eastward from the central part of the state to the Mississippi River. They are bound together, with the exception of Montgomery County, by Salt River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, and its several large forks. Montgomery County is drained by Loutre River, the stream next in size, which lies in the neighborhood, but does not unite with Salt River because of the "divide". This "divide" crosses northern Montgomery County and central Audrain and Randolph Counties.... In making a study of the place-names of the six counties, my method of procedure has not varied from that used by former students in the field. I have included all the names found on maps, atlases, plat books, and other county records and in gazetteers, business directories, postal guides, and histories. After I had exhausted all available library material, both for lists of names and their solutions, I went into the field, where I interviewed old residents and other well-informed citizens of the county, verifying old material and collecting new."--Pages 4-5, 7-8.

The Effect of Exogenous Fluoride on the Calcium PUMP, Ciliary Activity, and Shell Formation of the Fingernail Clam, Musculium Transversum

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 58-59
Author(s):  
Anthony Paparo ◽  
Judy A. Murphy ◽  
Robert Dean
Keyword(s):  
Mississippi River ◽  
Calcium Pump ◽  
Bottom Fauna ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Shell Formation ◽  
Middle Reach ◽  
Shell Matrix ◽  
Fingernail Clams ◽  
Ca Carbonate

In the mid-1950's, fingernail clams virtually disappeared from a 100-mile section of the IL River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, due to unknown causes. A survey of the bottom fauna of the IL River in 1979, revealed that the clams were still absent from the middle reach of the River, where they had been abundant prior to the die-off in the 1950's. Some factor(s) in the River currently prevent the clams from recolonizing areas where they were formerly abundant. Recently, clams exposed to fluoride developed abnormal grooves in the shell matrix. Fluorides are known to be protoplasmic poisons removing essential body calcium by precipitation. Since the shell consists primarily of Ca carbonate, this investigation examines the possible role of fluoride on shell formation and the poisoning of the Ca pump which can directly inhibit lateral ciliary activity on the gill.

Transportation and the Environment

2017 ◽  
Vol 94 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-61
Author(s):  
Douglas R. Littlefield
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
San Francisco ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
Mississippi River ◽  
San Joaquin Valley ◽  
Eastern United States ◽  
Major Health ◽  
San Joaquin River ◽  
Natural Wetlands ◽  
Prevailing View

Some histories of California describe nineteenth-century efforts to reclaim the extensive swamplands and shallow lakes in the southern part of California's San Joaquin Valley – then the largest natural wetlands habitat west of the Mississippi River – as a herculean venture to tame a boggy wilderness and turn the region into an agricultural paradise. Yet an 1850s proposition for draining those marshes and lakes primarily was a scheme to improve the state's transportation. Swampland reclamation was a secondary goal. Transport around the time of statehood in 1850 was severely lacking in California. Only a handful of steamboats plied a few of the state's larger rivers, and compared to the eastern United States, roads and railroads were nearly non-existent. Few of these modes of transportation reached into the isolated San Joaquin Valley. As a result, in 1857 the California legislature granted an exclusive franchise to the Tulare Canal and Land Company (sometimes known as the Montgomery franchise, after two of the firm's founders). The company's purpose was to connect navigable canals from the southern San Joaquin Valley to the San Joaquin River, which entered from the Sierra Nevada about half way up the valley. That stream, in turn, joined with San Francisco Bay, and thus the canals would open the entire San Joaquin Valley to world-wide commerce. In exchange for building the canals, the Montgomery franchise could collect tolls for twenty years and sell half the drained swamplands (the other half was to be sold by the state). Land sales were contingent upon the Montgomery franchise reclaiming the marshes. Wetlands in the mid-nineteenth century were not viewed as they are today as fragile wildlife habitats but instead as impediments to advancing American ideals and homesteads across the continent. Moreover, marshy areas were seen as major health menaces, with the prevailing view being that swampy regions’ air carried infectious diseases.

Sirena Dotada truss spar design for East Central Gulf of Mexico

OCEANS 2009 ◽  
2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dunbar ◽  
J. Cotten ◽  
R. Hartsfield ◽  
D. Garcia ◽  
R. Vallejo
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
East Central ◽  
Truss Spar
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