Occurrence and Distribution of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Iowa

Soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS), caused by blue-pigmented, slow-growing strains of Fusarium solani, is a disease recently reported in Iowa. In 1994 and 1995 the geographic distribution and status of the disease was determined at the state, local, and field levels. An east-to-west decreasing trend of SDS prevalence was found at the state level. No SDS was found in the western part of Iowa. The disease was found in commercial production fields in 4 Iowa crop reporting districts — central, north-central, east-central, and southeastern — with the greatest severity and the most frequent occurrence of SDS found in the east-central district. In two counties along the Mississippi River, disease prevalence was high; more than 50% of soybean fields had SDS in locations where surveys were conducted. Intensive surveys on a local scale were conducted in areas around the fields where the disease was first noticed. In areas where disease prevalence was low, all detected infested fields belonged to the same owners. In areas where disease prevalence was high, no such pattern was found. Disease incidence varied from field to field. Information on SDS occurrence at different geographic scales serves as baseline information to monitor the future development of the disease in Iowa.

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Recent Outbreak of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in Iowa

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1999.83.6.590c ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 83 (6) ◽

pp. 590-590

Author(s):

S. Sanogo ◽

X. B. Yang

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

Mississippi River ◽

Local Level ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Washington County ◽

East Central ◽

The North ◽

Central District ◽

Soybean Plants ◽

Low Prevalence

Sudden death syndrome (SDS) of soybean, caused by Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines, was first found in four Iowa counties in 1993 at low intensities. Following the first report of the disease, a statewide survey in 1994 and 1995 showed an overall low prevalence of the disease, mainly in eastern Iowa (2). In 1998, an epidemic of the disease occurred with drastic increases in prevalence and severity at regional, local, and field levels. The disease was found in 31 Iowa counties covering five out of the nine Iowa crop-reporting districts, with expansion in occurrence northward and westward. There were 12 SDS-affected counties in the North Central and Central districts, and 19 in the East Central, Southeast, and Northeast districts. To assess the extent of SDS increase at the local level, extensive surveys were conducted in 1998 in three areas where previous surveys were made in 1994 or 1995. In Washington County (Southeast District), the frequency of infestation has increased from 5% (2 of 40 fields surveyed) in 1995 to 30% in 1998. In Black Hawk County (East Central District), 26% of the fields examined had SDS, compared with 4.5% in 1995 (2 of 44 fields). In Story County (Central District), 35% of soybean fields were found with SDS in 1998, as opposed to 3% (2 of 62 fields) in 1994. In previous surveys (2), large disease patches (about 1 ha) were not found in central Iowa and were mainly limited to eastern counties along the Mississippi River. However, approximately 30% of the infested fields surveyed in 1998 had two to five patches with areas from 0.5 to 2.5 ha. The remaining 70% of the fields had several patches of diseased soybean plants with areas ranging from 3 m2 to 0.5 ha. The largest disease patch observed was about 10 ha, covering half of a field in Black Hawk County. Percentage of field area affected by SDS varied from 3 to 15% in 60% of the fields where the disease was found, and from about 20 to 60% in the remainder. In all fields surveyed, SDS was confirmed based on the presence of bluish sporulation or isolation from taproots of representative plants. The outbreak supports the 1996 risk assessment (1) that SDS would become a major production concern in Iowa. References: (1) H. Scherm and X. B. Yang. Phytopathology 87:S86, 1997. (2) X. B. Yang and P. Lundeen. Plant Dis. 81:719, 1997.

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Occurrence of Soybean Sudden Death Syndrome in East-Central Illinois and Associated Yield Losses

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pd-79-0314 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 79 (3) ◽

pp. 314 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

G. L. Hartman

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Yield Losses ◽

East Central ◽

Central Illinois

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First Report of Sudden Death Syndrome of Soybean Caused by Fusarium virguliforme in Louisiana

Plant Health Progress ◽

10.1094/php-br-15-0031 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 163-164

Author(s):

Raghuwinder Singh ◽

Trey Price ◽

Boyd Padgett ◽

Tim Burks

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

The State ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Fusarium Virguliforme ◽

Soybean Production ◽

First Report ◽

Initial Yield ◽

Negative Impacts

To our knowledge, this is the first report of sudden death syndrome of soybean occurring in Louisiana. Although the initial yield losses in 2014 were minimal, this soil-borne pathogen has the potential to spread, and establishment may lead to negative impacts on soybean production in the state. Accepted for publication 21 October 2015. Published 13 November 2015.

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Social Conditionality of Adolescent Health in a Temporary Aspect

Sociologicheskaja nauka i social naja praktika ◽

10.19181/snsp.2019.7.2.6414 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 132-152

Author(s):

Irina V. Zhuravleva ◽

Nina V. Lakomova

Keyword(s):

Social Policy ◽

Adolescent Health ◽

Healthy Lifestyle ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Health Improvement ◽

Time Interval ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Sample Object

The article touches upon the problem of improving adolescent health. Its current state does not meet the needs of the society in the substantial health improvement of this social group. The results of two “Adolescent health and the environment” studies (repeated cohort studies, 1996 and 2017) have served as the information base for the article. Their special feature is a common sample object (adolescents aged 13–16 years old), single program, identical samples, geographically close regions and time interval (20 years). The proposed approach is aimed at searching links between sociological parameters of health, such as self-assessment of health, health awareness, health consciousness, motives for that and health behavior, and the socio-demographic characteristics of the respondents. According to the study, changes in the attitudes and values with regard to health influence the increased attention to health and self-assessment of health. Despite the continuous radical changes in the society’s life, the psychosocial state of adolescent is characterized by certain stability of key lifestyle parameters in terms of time. As for their positive and negative attitudinal and behavioral changes, they are the result of the state social policy in the field of health. Active promotion of healthy lifestyle in recent decades has transformed into a change in attitudes related to smoking and motives for health care. Less attention to the environmental problems at the state level has led to less concern about these issues among young people. While disease incidence among adolescents is characterized by negative trends, positive experience of the social policy in the sphere of health is the basis for positive changes in this field. The introduction of health lessons for schoolchildren to the educational standard could be the influential component. This would provide a long-term effect of health promotion in Russia.

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Sudden death syndrome of soybean: etiology, symptomatology, and effects of irrigation and Heterodera glycines on incidence and severity under field conditions

Canadian Journal of Botany ◽

10.1139/b94-202 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 72 (11) ◽

pp. 1647-1653 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

J. Melgar ◽

K. W. Roy ◽

T. S. Abney

Keyword(s):

Sudden Death ◽

Fusarium Solani ◽

High Frequency ◽

Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽

Heterodera Glycines ◽

Disease Incidence ◽

Cyst Nematode ◽

Sudden Death Syndrome ◽

Histological Data ◽

Leaf Symptoms

Soybeans were grown in field microplots in sterile, noninfested soil versus soil infested with either Fusarium solani (form A), Heterodera glycines (the soybean cyst nematode), or both. Symptoms of sudden death syndrome occurred on plants in soil containing F. solani or F. solani plus H. glycines. Signs (macroconidia) sometimes occurred on symptomatic roots. Fusarium solani was reisolated from symptomatic plants but not from asymptomatic ones. Histological data further confirmed F. solani as the causal agent and documented the presence of F. solani chlamydospores in infected roots and cysts. Fusarium solani was not isolated from surface-disinfested seeds of infected plants. Irrigation increased disease incidence and severity. Heterodera glycines was not necessary for infection of plants by F. solani; however, when combined with F. solani, leaf symptoms occurred earlier and were more severe. Inoculation with F. solani plus H. glycines increased the incidence of tip dieback of pods, a disorder of uncertain cause. Fusarium solani was isolated in high frequency from roots of symptomatic plants sampled in the South and Midwest. However, F. solani form B was the most common isolate from roots. A significant positive correlation occurred between incidence of the two F. solani forms in roots of symptomatic plants. Key words: Glycine max, Fusarium solani, Heterodera glycines, etiology.

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Place names of six east central counties of Missouri

10.32469/10355/78821 ◽

1933 ◽

Author(s):

◽

Esther Gladys Leech

Keyword(s):

Mississippi River ◽

Missouri River ◽

The State ◽

Montgomery County ◽

English Department ◽

State University ◽

Place Names ◽

East Central ◽

Salt River ◽

Source Of Information

Counties: Audrain, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Ralls, and Randolph.||Graduate students in the English Department of the State University under the supervision of Dr. Robert L. Ramsay have treated, to date, fifty-four counties in six master's theses (see Bibliography). The six counties included in this work make a total of sixty, or over half the counties of the state. It is hoped that in a few more years the entire state will be covered, for much valuable information is being lost through the death of old residents, the best source of information. The counties studied in this thesis -- Audrain, Monroe, Montgomery, Pike, Ralls, and Randolph -- lie north of the Missouri River and extend eastward from the central part of the state to the Mississippi River. They are bound together, with the exception of Montgomery County, by Salt River, a tributary of the Mississippi River, and its several large forks. Montgomery County is drained by Loutre River, the stream next in size, which lies in the neighborhood, but does not unite with Salt River because of the "divide". This "divide" crosses northern Montgomery County and central Audrain and Randolph Counties.... In making a study of the place-names of the six counties, my method of procedure has not varied from that used by former students in the field. I have included all the names found on maps, atlases, plat books, and other county records and in gazetteers, business directories, postal guides, and histories. After I had exhausted all available library material, both for lists of names and their solutions, I went into the field, where I interviewed old residents and other well-informed citizens of the county, verifying old material and collecting new."--Pages 4-5, 7-8.

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Medicaid 101: A Primer for Speech-Language Pathologists in Education Settings

Perspectives on School-Based Issues ◽

10.1044/sbi12.1.3 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 3-11

Author(s):

Janet Deppe ◽

Marie Ireland

Keyword(s):

State Level ◽

The State ◽

Speech Language Pathologists ◽

Inspector General ◽

Medical Necessity ◽

School Settings ◽

Speech Language Pathologist ◽

School Based ◽

Emerging Trends

This paper will provide the school-based speech-language pathologist (SLP) with an overview of the federal requirements for Medicaid, including provider qualifications, “under the direction of” rule, medical necessity, and covered services. Billing, documentation, and reimbursement issues at the state level will be examined. A summary of the findings of the Office of Inspector General audits of state Medicaid plans is included as well as what SLPs need to do in order to ensure that services are delivered appropriately. Emerging trends and advocacy tools will complete the primer on Medicaid services in school settings.

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