Investment Model, Equity, and Social Support Determinants of Relationship Commitment

1988 ◽  
Vol 51 (4) ◽  
pp. 318 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Sprecher
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment

scholarly journals Three Cords Twisted Together. The Investment Model, Religiousness and Forgiveness

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milka Nicoleta Apostu ◽  
◽  
Octav Sorin Candel ◽  
Maria Nicoleta Turliuc ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Satisfaction ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Strong Predictor ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Graduate Courses ◽  
Therapeutic Implications ◽  
Final Sample ◽  
Relationship Outcomes

The main purpose of the present research is to explore the influence of religiousness on couple commitment, drawing from previous studies where religiousness was confirmed as a strong predictor for positive relationship outcomes. We also aim to analyze relationship satisfaction as a mediating variable between religiousness and commitment. Furthermore, the study seeks to investigate forgiveness in dyadic romantic relationships, testing its role as a moderator of the association between relationship satisfaction and commitment. The procedure includes the recruitment of heterosexual students enrolled in post-graduate courses and their partners to take part in the present study. The final sample consists of 116 individuals involved in romantic relationships. All participants filled in a series of validated self-reported measures, providing data which was analyzed using parametric statistical tests. Additionally, we conducted mediation and moderation analyses. Results indicate that relationship satisfaction is positively associated with commitment, whereas religiousness is positively associated with relationship satisfaction, thus having an indirect effect on commitment. Additionally, considering overall forgiveness as well as the negative vs. positive components of the construct, we find that positive forgiveness is associated with commitment, when satisfaction is also considered in the equation. The current results have important therapeutic implications, such as using forgiveness-related therapies for couples and enhancing relationship satisfaction as means to consolidate relationship commitment.

Attachment and the investment model: Predictors of relationship commitment, maintenance, and persistence

2012 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 546-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
PAUL E. ETCHEVERRY ◽  
BENJAMIN LE ◽  
TSUI-FENG WU ◽  
MEIFEN WEI
Keyword(s):  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment

A dehumanization perspective on dependence in low-satisfaction (abusive) relationships

2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1421-1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brock Bastian
Keyword(s):  
Close Relationships ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Abusive Relationships ◽  
Abusive Behavior ◽  
The Social ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Perpetrators And Victims

The investment model of close relationships has focused on satisfaction and dependence (as it pertains to viable alternatives) as important indicators of relationship commitment and success. In this review, I apply a dehumanization perspective to understanding why abusive relationships can increase dependence in the context of low relationship satisfaction. I will argue that abusive relationships are likely to continue when (a) perpetrators of abuse fail to self-dehumanize, but continue to dehumanize their partner; (b) victimized partners self-dehumanize, but fail to dehumanize the perpetrator of their abuse; and (c) third-party observers dehumanize victimized partners. This pattern of dehumanization facilitates dependence due to a tendency for (a) perpetrators and victims to justify ongoing abusive behavior, (b) victimized partners to view themselves as unworthy of available relationship alternatives or incapable of developing economic alternatives, and (c) third-party observers to downgrade the social value of victims. Finally, I will review potential precipitators of these dynamics, drawing from research on Dark Triad traits to understand the longer term conditions under which dehumanizing processes may contribute to high levels of dependence under conditions of low levels of satisfaction. Applying a dehumanization perspective to abusive behavior within close relationships opens new lines of inquiry and provides an alternative framework for understanding how people may become entrapped and vulnerable in relationships where maltreatment persists.

Antecedents of the Closeness of Human-Avatar Relationships in a Virtual World

2010 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Weiquan Wang ◽  
Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Interaction Frequency ◽  
Perceived Needs ◽  
Resource Investment ◽  
Relationship Closeness

Virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life), where users interact and form relationships with other users’ virtual identities represented by avatars (i.e., human-avatar relationships), are increasingly influential in today’s businesses and society. Nevertheless, the sustainability and impact of virtual worlds depend largely on the closeness of human-avatar relationships. This study investigates the antecedents of the closeness of such relationships. The authors conceptualize human-avatar relationship closeness as composed of interaction frequency, activity diversity, and relational influence. They identify its antecedents (perceived needs fulfillment, relationship irreplaceableness, and resource investment) by extending Rusbult’s investment model of interpersonal relationship commitment to the domain of human-computer interaction. The authors test the hypotheses through an online survey of Second Life users and find that (1) resource investment is positively associated with all three human-avatar relationship closeness dimensions; (2) needs fulfillment is positively associated with interaction frequency and relational influence; and (3) relationship irreplaceableness is positively associated with relational influence.

Antecedents of the Closeness of Human-Avatar Relationships in a Virtual World

2012 ◽  
pp. 146-175
Author(s):  
Yi Zhao ◽  
Weiquan Wang ◽  
Yan Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Worlds ◽  
Second Life ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Interpersonal Relationship ◽  
Investment Model ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Interaction Frequency ◽  
Perceived Needs ◽  
Resource Investment ◽  
Relationship Closeness

Virtual worlds (e.g., Second Life), where users interact and form relationships with other users’ virtual identities represented by avatars (i.e., human-avatar relationships), are increasingly influential in today’s businesses and society. Nevertheless, the sustainability and impact of virtual worlds depend largely on the closeness of human-avatar relationships. This study investigates the antecedents of the closeness of such relationships. The authors conceptualize human-avatar relationship closeness as composed of interaction frequency, activity diversity, and relational influence. They identify its antecedents (perceived needs fulfillment, relationship irreplaceableness, and resource investment) by extending Rusbult’s investment model of interpersonal relationship commitment to the domain of human-computer interaction. The authors test the hypotheses through an online survey of Second Life users and find that (1) resource investment is positively associated with all three human-avatar relationship closeness dimensions; (2) needs fulfillment is positively associated with interaction frequency and relational influence; and (3) relationship irreplaceableness is positively associated with relational influence.

Relationship commitment of Portuguese lesbian and gay individuals: Examining the role of cohabitation and perceived social support

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (9) ◽  
pp. 2738-2758
Author(s):  
David L. Rodrigues ◽  
Aleksandra Huic ◽  
Diniz Lopes
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Gay Men ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Lesbian Women ◽  
Same Sex ◽  
Lesbian And Gay ◽  
Important Relationship

Lesbian and gay (LG) individuals strive to form stable relationships, and most of them are successful in doing so. Because successful relationships have benefits for psychological well-being, it is important to investigate factors that help people in same-sex relationships to achieve stable and committed relationships. The Investment Model (IM) proposes commitment to be predicted by satisfaction, quality of alternatives, and relationship investments. We extend this model by proposing two additional variables—cohabitation and social support. Cohabitation is a particularly important relationship marker for LG individuals, and its role on same-sex relationship commitment may be linked to the perception of greater support from close family and friends. In a cross-sectional study conducted in Portugal ( N = 534, 62.4% gay men and 37.6% lesbian women; Mage = 29.64 years, SD = 8.30), we tested a multigroup structural equation model linking cohabitation to perceived social support from close network members (family and friends) and to relationship commitment, via the IM variables. The results showed that cohabitation was positively associated with perceived social support from both parents and friends. Friend support and its association with satisfaction mediated the association between cohabitation and commitment for both gay men and lesbian women. However, there were differences between LG individuals. Support from parents was positively associated with satisfaction and negatively associated with perceived quality of alternative situations to the relationship, but only for gay men. Support from friends was positively associated with satisfaction for both lesbian women and gay men while also positively associated with relationship investments for gay men. These results are a relevant addition to the literature by showing the importance of cohabitation and social support from parents and friends for same-sex relationship outcomes, possibly acting as buffers against different sorts of negative experiences.

Understanding relationship commitment and continuous knowledge sharing in online health communities: a social exchange perspective

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xing Zhang ◽  
Shan Liu
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Knowledge Sharing ◽  
Social Exchange ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Perceived Health ◽  
Relationship Commitment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Online Health Communities ◽  
Health Communities ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose Online health communities (OHCs) have become increasingly popular sources of health information in recent years. However, little is known about the factors that affect the relationship commitment and continuous knowledge sharing intention among OHC members. Thus, this study aims to integrate social exchange and commitment-trust theories to establish a theoretical model to fill the gap. Design/methodology/approach A research model that integrates social exchange theory and commitment-trust theory is developed. Quantitative data from 519 valid questionnaires are collected via an offline survey. Statistical product and service solutions 20.0 and analysis of a moment structures 20.0 software are used to test the hypotheses. Findings Relationship commitment directly influences continuous knowledge sharing intention, partially mediates the relationship between social support and continuous knowledge sharing intention, and fully mediates the relationship between perceived health risks and continuous knowledge sharing intention. Informational and emotional supports are identified as benefit factors that positively affect relationship commitment and perceived health risks are regarded as cost factors that negatively influence relationship commitment. Informational and emotional supports of OHC members produce different effects on relationship commitment when members obtain social support from different sources. Moreover, trust moderates the influences of informational support and perceived health risks on relationship commitment. Originality/value The findings provide additional insights that can augment the knowledge management literature by indicating how people are driven to share knowledge continuously in the context of OHCs. This study empirically clarifies the relationships of benefits (i.e. social support) and costs (i.e. perceived health risks) to continuous knowledge sharing intention by demonstrating the significant mediating effect of relationship commitment. In addition, the findings of this study highlight the importance of the social support source in OHCs and provide additional insights into commitment–trust theory by integrating the moderating effect of trust on the relationships between relationship commitment and its antecedents.

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