Improved gravity model for identifying the influential nodes

Identifying the influential nodes in network is essential for network dynamic analysis. In this letter, inspired by the gravity model, we present an improved gravity model (EDGM) to identify the influential nodes in network through the effective distance. Firstly, we calculate the degree of nodes. Then we construct the effective distance combined with the interaction frequency between nodes, so as to establish the effective distance gravity model. Comparing with the susceptible-infected model, the results show that the Kendall' s $\tau$ correlation coefficient of EDGM could enhanced by 2.36\% for the gravity model. Compared with other methods, the Kendall' s $\tau$ correlation coefficient of EDGM could enhanced by 11.55%, 17.29%, 7.17% and 10.00% for the degree centrality, betweenness centrality, eigenvector centrality, and PageRank respectively. The results show that the improved gravity model could effectively identify the influential nodes in network.

Presence of Affirmable Drug Affiliated Interactions in Medical Patients in Medical OPD of Pakistani Hospital

Drug-drug interactions (DDIs), are preventable medical related hazards having grave life menacing and unfavorable consequences Purpose: To find the clinical adverse effects and interaction frequency witnessed in prescriptions of a medical OPD Study Design: Comparative study Methodology: A sample of 546 patients who were being prescribed at least two drugs simultaneously was assessed using a drug interaction program Statistical analysis: SPSS v.20.0 was used to analyze the data to present results as proportions Results: The 546 patients (72.8% male having mean age of 58.3±14.7 years. Out of these 186 (4.7%), 2595 (65.6%) and 773 (19.5%) were severe, moderate and mild interactions respectively Conclusions: We concluded that large percentage of patients were detected having one or more potential drug-drug interactions Keywords: Adverse Drug Interaction, Drug-Related Problems, Drug-Drug Interaction and Pharmaco-epidemiology.

EXPRESS: Platform Exploitation: When Service Agents Defect with Customers from Online Service Platforms

Online, pure-labor service platforms (e.g., Zeel, Amazon Home Services, Freelancer.com ) represent a multibillion-dollar market. An increasing managerial concern in such markets is the opportunistic behavior of service agents who defect with customers off platform for future transactions. Using multiple methods across studies, the authors seek to explain this platform exploitation phenomenon. In Study 1, a theories-in-use approach clarifies why and when platform exploitation occurs and derives some hypotheses. Study 2 empirically tests these hypotheses using data from a healthcare platform that connects nurses and patients. The results indicate that high-quality, long-tenured service agents may enhance platform usage, but customers also are more likely to defect with such agents. Platform exploitation also increases with greater customer–agent interaction frequency (i.e., building stronger relationships). This phenomenon decreases agents’ platform usage, due to capacity constraints caused by serving more customers off platform. These effects are stronger as service price increases (as higher prices equate to more fee savings), as service repetitiveness increases, and as the agent’s on-platform customer pool comprises more repeat and more proximal customers. Finally, we use two scenario-based experiments to establish some managerial strategies to combat platform exploitation.

Examining the Experiences of Remaining Employees after a Coworker Dismissal: Initial Message Characteristics, Information Seeking, Uncertainty, and Perceived Social Costs

Organizational exit can be turbulent. This study examines the communication surrounding coworker dismissal, including how remaining employees learn about a coworker’s dismissal and what predicts remaining employees’ information seeking, uncertainty, and perceptions of social costs related to information seeking. Statistical and content analyses were conducted on survey data gathered from 220 participants. Remaining employees most often learned about their coworker’s dismissal from another coworker or the remaining employees’ immediate supervisor; via individual, face-to-face meetings; with moderate formality; at some point within a day of the dismissal; with varying content. Age predicted uncertainty and perceived social costs of information seeking. Message characteristics predicted uncertainty, while interaction frequency predicted the perceived social costs of information seeking. Uncertainty did not predict information-seeking strategy use. Greater perceived social costs predicted less overt questioning and greater observing and testing. This study extends uncertainty reduction and management theories and offers managers advice about communicating coworker terminations.

Fluid models with phase transition for kinetic equations in swarming

We concentrate on kinetic models for swarming with individuals interacting through self-propelling and friction forces, alignment and noise. We assume that the velocity of each individual relaxes to the mean velocity. In our present case, the equilibria depend on the density and the orientation of the mean velocity, whereas the mean speed is not anymore a free parameter and a phase transition occurs in the homogeneous kinetic equation. We analyze the profile of equilibria for general potentials identifying a family of potentials leading to phase transitions. Finally, we derive the fluid equations when the interaction frequency becomes very large.

Exploring the Co-operative Form’s Potential in Crowdfunding: A Non-monetary Perspective

Technology-driven change has generated new, even revolutionary business models, characterized by high levels of user participation. In the finance field, business models based on crowdfunding have seen significant growth and entered use as an alternative means of extending access and gaining financing for various types of projects. Nonetheless, current crowdfunding practices have been subject to criticism for issues such as information asymmetry, lack of trust and transaction costs, spurring discussion of how to develop and improve these practices. One way of speaking to the criticism has been a suggestion that platforms could be owned by the ones who use them. While the associated way of thinking, referred to as platform co-operativism, has seen some inroads in practice, its novel and practical nature means that a clear knowledge gap remains with regard to its potential for dealing with challenges of platform economy. Consequently, the aim of this study is to examine the relevance and potential of the co-operative company form for crowdfunding arrangements. Our conceptual study utilizes existing research on co-operatives and considers features of crowdfunding from three different perspectives: asymmetry of information and of trust, interaction frequency and homogeneity of interests. As a result, we provide three taxonomies for outlining future research on co-operative platforms.

Competition and invasive species impacts on native communities.

This chapter describes the competition for critical resources, the species interacting over the resource and the functional traits that influence interaction frequency and outcome between native and invasive bird species.