Multistage Fieldwork and Analytical Techniques

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles L. Redman
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Deductive Reasoning ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Artifact Analysis ◽  
Field Investigations ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Early Farming ◽  
Farming Village

AbstractIn an effort to operationalize recent advances in archaeological theory and technique, this paper presents a systematic organizational strategy for field investigations and artifact analysis. Four general principles are suggested that lead to productive archaeological research designs: the explicit combination of inductive and deductive reasoning, the utilization of programmatic and analytical feedback, the employment of probability sampling in a multistage framework, and the formulation of analytical techniques appropriate to assumptions underlying the research and to the hypotheses being tested. These principles and associated statistical methods are discussed as they have been applied to the investigation and analysis of the material from the eighth millennium early farming village of Çayönü in southeastern Turkey.

Theory, Sampling, and Analytical Techniques in the Archaeological Study of Prehistoric Ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (01) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Methodological Advance ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics

How archaeologists analyze pottery is determined by archaeological theory, sampling considerations, and available analytical techniques. The most damaging impediment to methodological advance is lack of a theory of how patterns of ceramic variation are generated. It is argued herein that Darwinian evolutionary theory (or selectionism) provides a body of concepts capable of explaining patterned variation and specifies measurements to make in testing specific explanatory statements. Most existing analytical procedures (e.g., the "Type-Variety" system) are regarded as aspects of sampling, the role of which is to help reduce some of the bewildering heterogeneity in ceramic collections before attempting to measure evolutionarily significant variation. Technical analysis, often considered the domain of nonarchaeological specialists, actually produces the measurements needed to test explanatory statements made about pottery observed in the archaeological record.

scholarly journals Honey: Chemical Composition, Stability and Authenticity

Foods ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 577
Author(s):  
Olga Escuredo ◽  
M. Carmen Seijo
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Botanical Origin ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Practical Solution ◽  
Plant Sources

This Special Issue contains innovative research papers on the characterization, chemical composition and physical properties of honey. This constitutes very useful information to avoid frauds and to guarantee the authenticity of this food product. The knowledge of the particularities of honey is increasingly demanded by beekeepers and consumers, and also by labs to typify honeys according to their botanical origin and to check their quality. Melissopalynological, sensorial and physicochemical techniques are being used to study the characteristics of honeys samples from different plant sources and geographical areas. The combination of these analytical techniques with mathematical and statistical methods or chemometrics allows researchers to identify a set of variables or individual parameters that define independent samples, providing a practical solution to classify honey according to the geographical or the botanical origin.

Capturing the Complexity and Dynamics of Positive Human Health

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan Rush ◽  
Anthony D. Ong ◽  
Scott M. Hofer ◽  
John L. Horn
Keyword(s):  
Positive Psychology ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Process Research ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Methodological Challenges ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Measurement And Analysis

This chapter illustrates how recent advances in longitudinal methodology can be applied to diverse issues of interest to positive psychologists. The rules for doing research that can net the highest stakes in understanding are, to a considerable extent, the rules of design and measurement. The aim of the chapter is to describe how contemporary theories of well-being may be empirically evaluated using a variety of research designs and analytical techniques that can fully capture the complexity and dynamics of positive human health. Throughout, the chapter identifies unresolved methodological challenges associated with the measurement and analysis of between- and within-person phenomena and elaborates on the implications of these challenges for process research in positive psychology.

A Consideration of Archaeological Research Design

1964 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-441 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lewis R. Binford
Keyword(s):  
Research Design ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Probability Sampling ◽  
Research Programs ◽  
Research Designs ◽  
Cultural Processes

AbstractIt is argued that the methodology most appropriate for the task of isolating and studying processes of cultural change and evolution is one which is regional in scope and executed with the aid of research designs based on the principles of probability sampling. The various types of observational populations which archaeologists must study are discussed, together with an evaluation of the methodological differences attendant upon adequate and reliable investigation of each. Two basic sampling universes are discussed, the region and the site, together with their methodological and research-design peculiarities. These are used as a basis for discussion and past and current research programs are evaluated in terms of what are believed to be major limitations in obtaining the "facts" pertinent to studies of cultural processes.

Theory, Sampling, and Analytical Techniques in the Archaeological Study of Prehistoric Ceramics

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hector Neff
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Theory ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Technical Analysis ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Analytical Procedures ◽  
Methodological Advance ◽  
Prehistoric Ceramics

How archaeologists analyze pottery is determined by archaeological theory, sampling considerations, and available analytical techniques. The most damaging impediment to methodological advance is lack of a theory of how patterns of ceramic variation are generated. It is argued herein that Darwinian evolutionary theory (or selectionism) provides a body of concepts capable of explaining patterned variation and specifies measurements to make in testing specific explanatory statements. Most existing analytical procedures (e.g., the "Type-Variety" system) are regarded as aspects of sampling, the role of which is to help reduce some of the bewildering heterogeneity in ceramic collections before attempting to measure evolutionarily significant variation. Technical analysis, often considered the domain of nonarchaeological specialists, actually produces the measurements needed to test explanatory statements made about pottery observed in the archaeological record.

scholarly journals SOCIAL AND HISTORICAL PROBLEMATIQUE IN THE SOVIET ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE 1940’s – 1960’s: FROM THE MAIN GOALS TO PRACTICAL REALIZATION

2020 ◽  
pp. 44-52
Author(s):  
S. Paliienko
Keyword(s):  
Social Development ◽  
Written Language ◽  
Archaeological Research ◽  
Archaeological Theory ◽  
Practical Realization ◽  
Research Institutions ◽  
Methodology Development ◽  
Archaeological Data ◽  
Primitive Society ◽  
History Of

The article is dedicated to the main aim of the Soviet archaeology, which was also its feature – to study social development of ancient societies basing on archaeological sources. It was stated at the beginning of 1930s and after the WW2 a list of actual tasks was specified. In the late 1940’s – the early 1970’s they included studying of regularities and features of ancient (from primitive to feudal) societies development, reconstruction of concrete history of folks from the USSR territory, which had no written language, researches on handicrafts, swap and trade, studies of the mediaeval village history, examination of primitive society ideology, improvement of the typological method and archaeological theory, preparation of fundamental publications. All these tasks were practically realized in work of archaeological research institutions during above mentioned period, in particular, research fellows of central and republican archaeological research establishments worked on topics related to study of social and historical problems of ancient societies basing on archaeological data. As well these problems were discussed at methodological workshops of the Institute of archaeology AS USSR and its Leningrad branch, at All-Union meetings and conferences. Soviet archaeologists completed resumptive archaeological publications with historical conclusions and chapters or even separate volumes of fundamental books dedicated to history of particular folks, regions or periods in the 1950’s – the early 1970’s. This work on social and historical problematique determined Soviet archaeologists’ requirement for methodology development which was a cause of appearance of a new subdiscipline. The Soviet theoretical archaeology institutionalized in the early 1970s.

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