A Multidimensional Investigation of Biocultural Relationships among Three Late Prehistoric Societies in Tennessee

1991 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Clifford Boyd ◽  
Donna C. Boyd
Keyword(s):  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
The Third ◽  
Skeletal Analysis ◽  
Late Prehistoric Period ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
Biological Relation

Interrelations among three roughly contemporaneous late prehistoric Mississippian societies in Middle and East Tennessee are reexamined in terms of currently available biological, archaeological, and ethnohistoric data. Previous researchers have suggested a close relation between two of those cultures—Mouse Creek and Middle Cumberland—to the exclusion of the third, Dallas. However, multivariate analyses of craniofacial and mandibular dimensions of individuals from the three groups suggest a greater biological relation between Dallas and Mouse Creek than between Mouse Creek and Middle Cumberland. In addition, a comparison of intrasite settlement patterning, ceramic and mortuary variability, and ethnohistoric data across the three groups support the skeletal analysis. Relations between Dallas and Mouse Creek may mirror similar processes of sociopolitical reorganization occurring throughout the Southeast in the late prehistoric period.

scholarly journals Some Problems of Perspective Planning in Pakistan

1964 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-202
Author(s):  
Said Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Policy Making ◽  
Time Horizon ◽  
Close Relation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Preceding Period ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Perspective Planning ◽  
Economic Future ◽  
Work Done

The growing confidence of Pakistan's planners in the nation's economic future is indicated by the boldness of their successive plans and by the lengthening of their time horizon. As far as the latter is concerned, the First Five-Year Plan did not reflect any thinking on economic and social development beyond a specific five-year period; the Second Plan, however, contained some remarks on long-term growth; the Third Plan is being prepared in close relation to the work being done on the Perspective Plan. What fifteen years ago would have been regarded as a waste of time is now considered to be of basic import¬ance for sound planning. What nobody dared think about in the earlier days is now the subject of serious analysis and policy-making. The need for a Perspective Plan is there not only from an economic angle but there are also sound political reasons for it. From the economic angle, we realized that the five-year periods chosen for our plans are only arbitrary periods in a process stretching over a much longer time. Our decisions and policies during one plan influence the pattern of growth in the next one, and influence also the effectiveness of established policies. Therefore, any particular five-year plan has to be part of a whole chain of plans, all fitting together and building further on the work done in the preceding period.

scholarly journals Ceramic Types from Late Prehistoric Sites along the East Fork of the Trinity River

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wilson Crook ◽  
Mark Houghston
Keyword(s):  
Direct Evidence ◽  
Red River ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
East Texas ◽  
Ceramic Assemblage ◽  
Trinity River ◽  
Late Prehistoric Period ◽  
Prehistoric Culture ◽  
The Trinity

Ceramics are one of the key diagnostic artifacts that define the Late Prehistoric culture of the peoples that lived along the East Fork of the Trinity and its tributaries. We are completing a 42 year re evaluation of the Late Prehistoric period of the area and have st udied nearly 32,000 artifacts, of which over 10,200 are ceramic sherds. From this study, 20 distinct ceramic types have been recognized. Plain ware, both shell tempered and sandy paste/grog tempered, are the predominant ceramic types present, comprising ov er 90 percent of the total ceramic assemblage. While there is little direct evidence for indigenous manufacture, the abundance of these types suggests they were produced locally. Lesser quantities of decorated ware of distinct Caddo ceramic types from the Red River and East Texas suggest they are likely the product of exchange. There is also a small amount of Puebloan material indicative of a longer distance exchange.

Population Aggregation and the Emergence of Circular Villages in Southwest Virginia

2018 ◽  
pp. 140-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard W. Jefferies
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
North America ◽  
Late Woodland ◽  
Eastern North America ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Archaeological Evidence ◽  
Settlement Structure ◽  
Southern Appalachian ◽  
Late Prehistoric Period ◽  
Population Aggregation

Archaeological evidence from throughout much of eastern North America documents a transition from small, scattered settlements to nucleated, often circular, villages during the Late Woodland/Late Prehistoric period (ca. A.D. 1000-1600). In southwestern Virginia's Appalachian Highlands, this transition is marked by the appearance of large circular palisaded villages associated with what Howard MacCord called the Intermontane Culture. This paper investigates the origin, structure, and spatial distribution of Late Woodland circular villages across the southern Appalachian landscape and compares their emergence to similar trends in settlement structure and organization witnessed in other parts of the Appalachian Highlands and beyond.

Status-Based Differences in Health in the Late Prehistoric East Tennessee

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy K. Betsinger
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Maize Agriculture ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Biological Stress ◽  
East Tennessee ◽  
Significant Patterns ◽  
The Village ◽  
Differential Access

Late prehistoric eastern Tennessee polities provide a setting to examine relationships between biological stress and increasing emphasis on intensive maize agriculture, sedentism, population size, and differential access to protein-based dietary resources. This chapter compares bioarchaeological patterns between two Mississippian palisaded sites in Eastern Tennessee during the local Dallas Phase, A.D. 1300–1500. Toqua was a multi-mound center likely home to the main chief or chiefs of the region, while Citico was a smaller, palisaded locale with a single mound. Statistically significant patterns demonstrate that non-elites from Toqua possessed higher prevalence of all stress markers. Sex-based divisions are also noted in their mortuary program, with males typically interred in mounds and women in the village; Betsinger attributes this to simultaneous heterarchical expressions of different activity spheres. Further, there are few biological disparities between elite and non-elite females, which is considered the result of elite-sponsored, male-centered feasting that drove expressions of inequality during the twilight of the Mississippian era.

The Middle Columbia Cremation Complex

1952 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas R. Garth
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Development ◽  
Snake River ◽  
Late Prehistoric ◽  
Burial Site ◽  
Late Prehistoric Period ◽  
John Day ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
New Evidence

Cremation pits were discovered in the Yakima and Snake River valleys and on the Columbia at Wahluke and at The Dalles before 1927. Recently one has been described from the John Day region in Oregon by Cressman (1950). The cremation complex which the pits represent appears in the late prehistoric period and was undoubtedly widespread and important in the cultural development of the region. In the Dalles-Arlington area, at least, it lasted into historic times. Recent evidence associates the cremation complex with Sahaptin groups inhabiting the region above The Dalles until late historic times. This new evidence controverts an earlier theory, largely based on ethnological traditions, that the Salish were the early inhabitants of the area. The finding of burials below the cremation level at Sheep Island (i.e., a stratified burial site) has particular bearing on the problem.

Geographic variation in seedling morphology of Chukrasia species

2002 ◽  
Vol 50 (3) ◽  
pp. 319 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kalinganire ◽  
K. Pinyopusarerk ◽  
E. R. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Variation ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Allozyme Variation ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
The Third ◽  
Land Race ◽  
Resultant Data ◽  
Polymorphic Species ◽  
Temperature Controlled ◽  
Bark Structure

Seed collected from 23 native provenances of Chukrasia A.Juss. and one Australian land race was used to study geographic variation in seedling morphology under temperature-controlled glasshouse conditions. Twenty-four variates were measured for each seedling and the resultant data subjected to univariate and multivariate analyses. The multivariate analyses effectively separated the Chukrasia genus into three different groups or eco-geographical clusters. The most important characteristics that separated the groups were bark structure, leaf type and midrib colour. The first group, provenances from China, Laos, Malaysia, Vietnam and the Australian land race, is characterised by smooth bark, pinnate or intermediate leaves and reddish-green to greenish-red midrib. The second group, provenances from Myanmar and Thailand, is characterised by rough bark, mainly bipinnate leaves and green midrib. The third group, provenances from Sri Lanka, is characterised by rough bark, bipinnate leaves and red midrib. The study clearly shows Chukrasia to be a polymorphic species comprising at least three ecotypes or possibly three ecospecies. A study of allozyme variation may better reveal the systematics within the genus.

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