PENEMUAN ROCK ART BARU DI KAWASAN KARST DESA REJOSARI, KECAMATAN MANTEWE, KABUPATEN TANAH BUMBU, PROVINSI KALIMANTAN SELATAN

>Kawasan karst di Desa Rejosari, Kecamatan Mantewe, Kabupaten Tanah Bumbu, Provinsi Kalimantan Selatan, merupakan bagian dari gugusan karst Mantewe yang membentang luas. Penelitian arkeologi prasejarah pada kawasan karst ini sudah dimulai sejak tahun 2008, di wilayah Desa Mantewe, Desa Bulurejo, Desa Dukuhrejo, dan Desa Rejosari. Potensi budaya prasejarah yang ada pada kawasan karst Mantewe, sangat bagus, seperti situs Gua Sugung (Desa Mantewe), Gua Payung (Desa Bulurejo), dan Gua Bangkai (Desa Dukuhrejo), serta gambar cadas dengan warna hitam pada beberapa gua dan ceruk terutama pada kawasan karst Desa Dukuhrejo. Permasalahan dalam penenelitian ini adalah apakah budaya rock art itu juga ada pada kawasan karst di Desa Rejosari. Metode survei dan ekskavasi dilakukan dalam proses pengumpulan data. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan adanya kekayaan lukisan dinding gua di Rejosari, yang dapat digunakan untuk melengkapi data arkeologi prasejarah yang ada pada kawasan karst Mantewe secara umum, termasuk budaya rock art yang ada di dalamnya. The karst area in Rejosari Village, Mantewe District, Tanah Bumbu Regency, South Kalimantan Province, is the stretches out wide part of Mantewe karst cluster. Prehistoric archaeological researches on this karst area have been conducted since 2008, starting from the karst area of Mantewe Village, Bulurejo Village, Dukuhrejo Village, and in 2018 was entering Rejosari Village area. The potential of prehistoric culture in the karst is remarkable, such as the existences of Sugung Cave (Mantewe Village), Payung Cave (Bulurejo Village), and Bangkai Cave (Dukuhrejo Village), and also the black of rock art or rock drawings in some caves and niches, especially in Dukuhrejo Village. An interesting issue is filed in this research is whether the rock art culture also exists in Rejosari Village. The method of survey and excavation were used for collecting data in Rejosari karst area. The results suggest that rock art at Rejosari are treasure, that can be complement the existing prehistoric archaeological data in the Mantewe karst area in general, including the rock art culture that exists therein.

Prehistoric pigment production on Rapa Nui (Easter Island), c. AD 1200–1650: New insights from Vaipú and Poike based on phytoliths, diatoms and 14C dating

Although Rapa Nui has been proposed as a classic example of cultural collapse, this hypothesis has been repeatedly questioned. This paper investigates cultural continuity on Rapa Nui following the onset of deforestation through a study of red ochre pits. Red ochre pigments are well-known from various contexts on Rapa Nui, but until recently its origin and the extraction process involved in their production were not precisely understood. New excavations have revealed the presence of multiple pits used for pigment production and storage by the island’s prehistoric culture. Previous geoarchaeological studies, including geomorphological, pedological, geochemical and micromorphological analyses, have shown that the pits contain fine layers of reddish iron oxides (ochre), which result from repeated intentional burning. The oxide layers alternate with thin layers of phytoliths, interpreted as the remains of plant material used as fuel, and diatoms. This paper presents new phytolith and diatom data from the previously described site of Vaipú East, complemented with data from similar pits at the new sites of Vaipú West and Poike. New 14C dates are also presented from these sites. The phytolith and diatom data provide crucial information about the chaîne opératoire of the ochre production and the formation processes associated with the pits. The evidence of pigment production and storage at Vaipú East shows that labour-intensive ochre production took place on Rapa Nui during at least two separate phases after deforestation, while the pits discovered at other sites indicate that Vaipú East did not stand alone. This provides a further line of evidence in favour of cultural continuity rather than collapse following deforestation in the island’s late prehistory.

THE PRADAKON

The essence of the Stone Age, mountain, and river heritage, has occupied an important role in culture. So far, it can reflect much of the trust and value of its people. Historical, aesthetic, anthropological, and symbolic studies of archaeological discoveries in the region have been able to reveal prehistoric culture. The focus of this section, especially how culture is developed, symbols are built and the appreciation of transmission of inheritance. It is related to the software and hardware of the royal government that was formed to be able to balance the mandate of the management of the land of the archipelago. In the field of history, aesthetics, anthropology, and symbols, the dimensions of life cycle are presented as dialectical patterns of view. It is found that small, large, and representative entities are patterns of view that have been applied dynamically to everyday life. Through a comprehensive approach to the history of society and artevactual, apart from its constitutional history, the authors emphasizes the analysis of social formation by looking at the processes occurring within societies with broader disciplinary comparations. Through the applied method of psychological Sunan Bonang, the Indonesian people are inspired and can have a good system of anthropological and psychological intelligence. Research of this book uses theory and method which are relevant with object and subject matter. So the context that is built into legitimate, in text, oral and visual, both present (represented by Arif Rivai Rumin's work) and past (pradakon Majapahit, Ancient Mataram, Pajajaran, Kuningan, Jambi, and Padang) have been used as reconstruction. The content of the study and his work inspires the public's sensitivity in formulating nationality through the compilation of software and hardware in a more integral way. The ultimate goal is the point of awareness, which makes filters and counters a global power that seeks to make all the people of Indonesia. Keywords: pradakon, intellectual people of IndonesiaKeywords: pradakon, intellectual people of Indonesia

Ceramic Types from Late Prehistoric Sites along the East Fork of the Trinity River

Ceramics are one of the key diagnostic artifacts that define the Late Prehistoric culture of the peoples that lived along the East Fork of the Trinity and its tributaries. We are completing a 42 year re evaluation of the Late Prehistoric period of the area and have st udied nearly 32,000 artifacts, of which over 10,200 are ceramic sherds. From this study, 20 distinct ceramic types have been recognized. Plain ware, both shell tempered and sandy paste/grog tempered, are the predominant ceramic types present, comprising ov er 90 percent of the total ceramic assemblage. While there is little direct evidence for indigenous manufacture, the abundance of these types suggests they were produced locally. Lesser quantities of decorated ware of distinct Caddo ceramic types from the Red River and East Texas suggest they are likely the product of exchange. There is also a small amount of Puebloan material indicative of a longer distance exchange.