Studies in Chinese Communist Terminology. By Li Chi. Berkeley: East Asia Studies, Institute of International Studies, University of California. [No. 1] General Trends of Chinese Linguistic Changes under Communist Rule. July 1956. iii, 42. [No. 2] Preliminary Study of Selected Terms. July 1956. 24. No. 3, Part I, Literary and Colloquial Terms in New Usage; Part II, Terms Topped by Numerals. April 1957. Lx, 51. No. 4, Part I, The Communist Term “The Common Language” and Related Terms; Part II, Dialectal Terms in Common Usage; Part III, Literary and Colloquial Terms in New Usage (continued). Dec. 1957. iv, 88 (mimeo).

The pragmatist intellectual trend started as an anti-Cartesian revolt by amateur philosophers and became a major inspiration for anti-Taylorian managerial thought. In the early days of the pragmatist movement, a small group of friends fought idealist and Cartesian ideas. The influence of classical pragmatists Peirce, James, Dewey, and Mead, and some of their closest fellow travellers (Royce, Addams, Follett, and Lewis), grew in the first decades of the twentieth century. Some misunderstandings of the central tenets of pragmatism later led to its distortion into the common language acceptance of the word “pragmatism” and contributed to a relative decline in the 1930s, precisely when pragmatism began to inspire an anti-Taylorian managerial movement. Finally the chapter narrates how “the pragmatist turn,” a revival of pragmatist ideas, took place in the last quarter of the twentieth century.

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Sinitic in a Global Perspective

10.1093/oso/9780198797821.003.0002 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Peter Francis Kornicki

Keyword(s):

East Asia ◽

South Asian ◽

Spoken Language ◽

Written Language ◽

Global Perspective ◽

The Common

This chapter focuses on the language rupture in East Asia, that is to say, the loss of the common written language known as literary Chinese or Sinitic. The gradual replacement of the cosmopolitan language Sinitic by the written vernaculars was a process similar in some ways to the replacement of Latin and Sanskrit by the European and South Asian vernaculars, as argued by Sheldon Pollock. However, Sinitic was not a spoken language, so the oral dimension of vernacularization cannot be ignored. Charles Ferguson’s notion of diglossia has been much discussed, but the problem in the context of East Asia is that the only spoken languages were the vernaculars and that Sinitic was capable of being read in any dialect of Chinese as well as in the vernaculars used in neighbouring societies.

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e-Roster policy: Insights and implications of codifying nurse scheduling

Health Informatics Journal ◽

10.1177/1460458217724579 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 844-857 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Robert G Drake

Keyword(s):

Common Language ◽

Nurse Rostering ◽

Nurse Scheduling ◽

Codified Knowledge ◽

Nurse Rostering Problem ◽

Ward Level ◽

The Common ◽

Everyday Interaction ◽

Executive Level ◽

Silver Bullet

Following a decade of dissemination, particularly within the British National Health Service, electronic rostering systems were recently endorsed within the Carter Review. However, electronic rostering necessitates the formal codification of the roster process. This research investigates that codification through the lens of the ‘Roster Policy’, a formal document specifying the rules and procedures used to prepare staff rosters. This study is based upon analysis of 27 publicly available policies, each approved within a 4-year period from January 2010 to July 2014. This research finds that, at an executive level, codified knowledge is used as a proxy for the common language and experience otherwise acquired on a ward through everyday interaction, while at ward level, the nurse rostering problem continues to resist all efforts at simplification. Ultimately, it is imperative that executives recognise that electronic rostering is not a silver bullet and that information from such systems requires careful interpretation and circumspection.

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Breaking Communication and Linguistic Barriers: Designing a Course of Technical Writing in Hebrew

Journal of Technical Writing and Communication ◽

10.2190/6dpd-0abc-yw76-bfl3 ◽

1987 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 79-92 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Miriam Braun ◽

Judith Rosenhouse

Keyword(s):

Technical Writing ◽

Technical Information ◽

Foreign Languages ◽

Common Language ◽

Future Prospects ◽

Linguistic Barriers ◽

Language Difficulties ◽

Formal Presentation ◽

Scientists And Engineers ◽

The Common

Scientists and engineers have to present technical information effectively. But when they do it, they face language difficulties which are beyond formal grammar as taught at school. To overcome this problem, we designed a systematic course for technical writing aimed at breaking such language barriers by planned channeling of the scientific message. The course was designed to improve the communication skills of scientists and engineers. In keeping with this goal effective writing criteria were defined and formal presentation conventions were described. Because Hebrew is the common language in Israel, problems of Hebrew structures were presented. The massive infiltration of vocabulary and syntactic elements from foreign languages into scientists' Hebrew style were addressed. An evaluation apparatus was also applied and future prospects of the course were discussed.

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Lauku iedzīvotāju nosaukumi lietuviešu un latviešu valodā

Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings - Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti = The Word: Aspects of Research ◽

10.37384/vtpa.2021.25.267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 267-280

Author(s):

Regīna Kvašīte ◽

◽

Kazimiers Župerka ◽

Keyword(s):

Rural Population ◽

Quantitative Methods ◽

Rural Resident ◽

Common Language ◽

Text Corpus ◽

The Common ◽

Language Text

The aim of the research is to find out what words are used in Lithuanian and Latvian to name the rural population. The study was performed by applying descriptive, comparative and quantitative methods. The novelty of the article is the presentation of the Lithuanian language material in Latvian, as well as the analysis of the Latvian language material and the comparison of the meanings and use of Lithuanian and Latvian words. The study is sociolinguistic, not normative; therefore, not only systematic but also contextual, situational synonymy is important. Dictionaries and texts of literary and common languages, synonyms, slang and jargon, the text of the current Lithuanian language (Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos tekstynas) and the Latvian language text corpus (Latviešu valodas tekstu korpuss), are the main sources. A Lithuanian word kaimietis (‘a villager’), which has long been a neutral name for a rural resident or a person born in a village, is a synonym for both neutral and stylistically connoted words. The most common synonyms are sodietis (‘a homestead peasant’) and valstietis (‘a peasant’). In this synonym sequence, a peasant is a remote word that includes the concept “kaimo gyventojas” (‘a rural resident’) and the concept “žemdirbys” (‘an agriculturalist’), thus linking the synonym sequence of the word a villager to a word farmer in the sequence of synonyms ūkininkas (‘a farmer’), laukininkas (‘a field peasant’). Recently, the word kaimietis (‘a villager’) has acquired a second – pejorative – meaning: “sakoma apie neišsilavinusį, prasto skonio ir pan. žmogų, kuris nebūtinai kilęs iš kaimo” (‘it is said of an uneducated, a person of poor taste, and so on, a person who does not necessarily come from the countryside’). It is already recorded in the written dictionary of the common language, which indicates that the common connoted meaning in slang is codified. The word kaimietis (‘a villager’), used in a pejorative sense, appears in the order of words that have a systemic or contextual pejorative meaning, as well as in a despising way: prastuolis, prasčiokas, mužikas, runkelis. The name of the villager in Latvian – the word laucinieks (‘a villager’) – is stylistically neutral, its synonyms consist of the neutral words lauksaimnieks (‘a farmer’) and zemnieks (‘a peasant’). The word zemnieks, similarly to the valstietis (‘a peasant’) in Lithuanian, is the dominant in the order of distant synonyms zemkopis (‘an agriculturalist’) and zemesrūķis [?]. The approach to the synonym sādžinieks (‘a homestead peasant’) is ambiguous: its definition in current dictionaries associates the word either with Latgale or Russia, although according to its origin, it is considered to be a borrowing from the Lithuanian language. The word with root lauk- (from word ‘field’) lauķis [?] is used in a pejorative sense in Latvian (its shade is similar to the Lithuanian words prasčiokas (‘a hick’) and runkelis (‘a person as mindless as a beetroot’)), as well as slang word pāķis [?] and barbarisms – slavism mužiks (‘a kern’), Germanism bauris [?] (in jargon bauers). The material of Lithuanian and Latvian texts shows that in both Lithuanian and Latvian, the words of different connotations are used synonymously in different contexts.

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