The Establishment of Banking Institutions in a Backward Economy: Brazil, 1800–1851

1975 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 446-472 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Manuel Peláez
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Early Stages ◽  
Banking Institutions

This study analyzes the Brazilian experience as a case study in the role of banking in the early stages of economic growth and development.

THE ROLE OF EDUCATED LEADERS IN ECONOMIC GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT: EVIDENCE FROM CENTRAL AFRICAN REPUBLIC AND SINGAPORE

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (01) ◽  
pp. 81-102
Author(s):  
OLUWOLE OWOYE ◽  
OLUGBENGA A. ONAFOWORA
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Central African Republic ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Educational Attainments ◽  
Fundamental Causes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Neoclassical Growth

This paper postulates that highly educated leaders matter in economic growth and development and that this is one of the fundamental causes of the differences in income between countries. To verify this assertion, we examine Central African Republic and Singapore within the neoclassical growth model that incorporates educational attainments of leaders as the functionally relevant explanatory variable. We found the mean years of schooling of educated leaders to be statistically and significantly different in both countries, but more importantly, educational attainments of leaders have a positive and statistically significant effect on economic growth in Singapore, but negative in Central African Republic.

The Challenges of Smart Specialization Strategies and the Role of Entrepreneurial Universities

2015 ◽  
pp. 537-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domingos Santos ◽  
Nuno Caseiro
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Social Capital ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Successful Implementation ◽  
Entrepreneurial Universities ◽  
Policy Actor ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Final Point ◽  
Smart Specialization

This chapter explores the relation between the concepts of entrepreneurial universities (EU) within the framework of Smart Specialization Strategies (S3). The latter is arising as a new competitive paradigm and universities can be of great importance for its successful implementation because of their contribution both as a partner institution, policy actor and producer of knowledge and social capital that can affect the potential for economic growth and development of regions. The links and contributions of both dimensions are presented and explored. As a final point, the concept of entrepreneurial ecosystem is presented as a consequence and future development of the dynamics resulting S3 and entrepreneurial universities interactions.

Ideas, leaders, and institutions in 19th-century Chile

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 925-947 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN PABLO COUYOUMDJIAN ◽  
CRISTIÁN LARROULET
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Natural Experiment ◽  
Informal Institutions ◽  
State Building ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Institutional Entrepreneurs

AbstractInstitutions matter for economic growth. Thus, the leaders who help to develop institutions, and their ideas and beliefs, must play a central role in any narrative that seeks to explain such growth. This leads to the appearance of institutional entrepreneurs, who act in a given cultural and political environment. We focus on the problem of state building, where formal institutions designed by leaders must be consistent with a given society's existing informal institutions. We consider an analytical narrative focusing on the Chilean experience in the 19thcentury. This serves as an interesting quasi-natural experiment on the role of ideas, leaders, and institutions in the problem of economic growth and development.

scholarly journals Role of tourist motivation as mediating variable on visitor decisions at Indonesian tourism village

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 88-98
Author(s):  
Martaleni Martaleni ◽  
Ernani Hadiyati ◽  
Yussi Isna Pertiwi ◽  
Ni Nyoman Kerti Yasa
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Developing Countries ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
The Other ◽  
Tourist Attractions ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Global Force ◽  
Tourist Village

The tourism sector has become a truly global force for promoting economic growth and development. Therefore, the study of tourism has become an interesting topic for researchers lately. On the other hand, local tourism, generally in developing countries, is often neglected by academics and policymakers. For this reason, this study aims to examine and analyze the role of tourist motivation in mediating accessibility, amenities, and attractions on visiting decisions. This study is a survey research with an explanatory method. The population is tourists who visit the tourism village of Bumiaji, Indonesia, in the low and busy seasons. The population is infinite and the number of respondents who were interviewed is 100 respondents; data were collected by distributing questionnaires to domestic tourists who came from outside the tourist village of Bumiaji, then the data were processed and analyzed using Warp Partial Least Squares. The findings indicate that the effect of accessibility on visiting decisions is not mediated by tourist motivation. This shows that the decision of tourists to visit can be directly influenced by the time and means of transportation available. Meanwhile, the influence of amenities and attractions on the decision to visit is mediated by the motivation of tourists. This means that amenities and attractions can influence a tourist’s decision to visit if there is an urge from tourist to relax or make friends or enjoy the culture at tourist attractions, etc.

scholarly journals The Effect of Research and Development Expenditures on Economic Growth: New Evidences

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mustafa Ildırar ◽  
Mehmet Özmen ◽  
Erhan İşcan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Expenditure Data ◽  
Different Types

Research and Development (R&D) is one of the most important variables that affect the country’s economic growth and development through increasing the technology capabilities, enlargement of resource base and promoting in the capability of resource utilization. Countries that innovate by conducting R&D activities always have high economic growth and many researchers emphasized this prominent role of the R&D on economic growth in numerous studies. This study contributes in two ways to this stream of research. Providing new estimates of the effect of R&D expenditures on economic growth is the first contribution to literature. On the other hand, there are different types of R&D expenditures and each of them has different magnitude on the economic growth. Therefore, this study provides evidences about the magnitudes of R&D expenditures. The effect of different types of R&D expenditures on economic growth for the selected OECD countries is examined in this study by utilizing from GMM framework using the data belonging the period of 2003-2014. Income and different R&D expenditure data used to analyze that obtained from OECD Stat. As a conclusion, it is found that all of the R&D expenditures have positive and significant effect on economic growth in selected OECD countries but magnitudes are various. Therefore, policy makers should design the R&D stimulation policies depending on the characteristics of the countries. Accordingly, countries must allocate more resources to different types R&D expenditure for achieving sustainable rate of growth.

scholarly journals IMPLEMENTING SMART CITY STRATEGIES AS AN INNOVATIVE PRACTICE FOR COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN EGYPTIAN CONTEXT

2021 ◽  
Vol XLVI-4/W5-2021 ◽  
pp. 361-368
Author(s):  
S. Magdy Mohamed ◽  
D. Moati ◽  
M. A. Elsayed
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Urban Design ◽  
Smart City ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Smart Cities ◽  
City Development ◽  
Economic Growth And Development ◽  
Advanced Technologies

Abstract. Pandemics have always shaped cities throughout history, and numerous health challenges have been reflected in architecture and urban design. Today, the globe is dealing with a COVID-19 pandemic, which is maybe the worst in history. Coronavirus (COVID-19)sparks a critical debate about how to use smart technology's concepts and insights to urban planning and architecture. As a result of the recent pandemic, this commentary sheds light on considerations and challenges in the area of knowledge in these fields. As a result, it is now more vital than ever for policymakers at the local, regional, and national levels to begin developing smart city and Internet of Things plans. The Smart Cities Mission is a government-led project to promote economic growth and development across four strategic planning pillars: city improvement, city rehabilitation, city extension (Greenfield development), and pan-city development. This study discusses numerous obstacles and constraints in three categories: technical, socioeconomic, and environmental. This paper intends to investigate the feasibility of applying technology in an existing city and transforming it into a smart city using the most advanced technologies, as well as smart strategies and automated judgments; the research uses the 10th of Ramadan city as a case study. In addition, the predicted outcome of this article is the implementation of smart city policies as a best practise for the COVID-19 pandemic in Egypt. Finally, it is predicted that more cities would use technology into their strategy in the future.

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