Reforming the Regulatory Process: Why James Landis Changed His Mind

1980 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald A. Ritchie
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Services ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Regulatory Process ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Private Interest

In our day, when the question of how and to what extent and by whom economic activity should be regulated is wide open as between legislative, executive, and judicial branches of government and a galaxy of highly developed private interest groups, the traditional Progressive idea of the just and all-wise commission as final arbiter seems dated. Mr. Ritchie shows that it was an idea to which James M. Landis clung enthusiastically, largely as a result of his experience on the Securities and Exchange Commission, until his later experience as Chairman of the Civil Aeronautics Board and finally as a lawyer representing one of the parties at interest before the Board. From the mounting evidence that a successful regulatory function grows, if at all, out of an appreciation of the economic realities of the particular activity being regulated, may yet come a national policy to which all may repair. Piling up such evidence is one of the most valuable public services the historian can render.

Organisational Challenges of Implementing E-Business in the Public Services

2011 ◽  
pp. 2231-2252
Author(s):  
Francesca Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Strategy

Underpinning £136 billion of economic activity in the United Kingdom, Britain’s National Mapping Agency is a commercialising public sector organisation having trading fund status and existing in the intersection of two different spheres—the public and the private. Recognised as a leading participant in the geographic information industry, within which it is forging partnerships with key private sector companies, the organisation has enthusiastically grasped e-business as an all-embracing phenomenon and implemented a new strategy that transformed the way it did business. Drawing on longitudinal data gathered over a period of four years, this article explores the processes of strategic and organisational transformation engendered by e-business implementation in this organisation and discusses the successful elements, as well as some of the challenges to its change efforts.

The State and Sport Development in Alberta: A Struggle for Public Status

1996 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Pitter
Keyword(s):  
Welfare State ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Organizational Factors ◽  
The State ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Public Status ◽  
The Welfare State

This paper contributes to research on and theories of the state’s role in Canadian sport development by examining factors that led the Alberta government to create the Alberta Sport Council, Canada’s only Crown corporation with a sport mandate. The data used were collected from interviews and numerous documentary sources. The analysis drew from theories of the welfare state and from Claus Offe’s discussions of corporatism and the attribution of public status to private interest groups. Accordingly, the study identified key individuals, organizational factors, and the unique political and economic characteristics of Alberta that influenced the council’s creation. The paper concludes that despite this organization’s uniqueness, it reflects the same contradictory form of sport intervention found in other Canadian governments.

scholarly journals Europeanisation as a Factor of National Interest Group Political-Cultural Change

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 287-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danica Fink-Hafner ◽  
Mitja Hafner-Fink ◽  
Meta Novak
Keyword(s):  
Political Culture ◽  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Cultural Change ◽  
National Policy ◽  
National Interest ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
Panel Surveys ◽  
Policy Fields ◽  
The Impact

Based on a social constructivist framing, this article seeks to address the gap in the literature on the impact of Europeanisation on the national interest group political culture in general and in the post-communist context in particular. The impacts of Europeanisation on interest group domestic policy behaviour, in terms of national interest groups networking with their European counterparts, their contacts with EU-level decision makers, and their access to EU funds, are tested based on the panel surveys that were conducted in 1996 and 2012 of the most influential interest groups in eleven policy fields in Slovenia. Our key findings are that Europeanisation does support changes in the national interest group political culture in the direction of a more pro-active approach in influencing national policy processes. However, Europeanisation explains only a small portion of the variability among the domestic policy behaviour of interest groups.

An English perspective on policy for adults with autism

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane McCarthy ◽  
Eddie Chaplin ◽  
Lisa Underwood
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Social Inclusion ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Public Services ◽  
National Policy ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Adults With Autism ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Service Models ◽  
Key Policy

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide a summary of English policy and legislation which impacts on the health outcomes and social inclusion for adults with autism. Design/methodology/approach – A descriptive review of national policy for England was undertaken using key internet search engines such as Google. Findings – In spite of innovative legislation and policy relating to autism across England, there are still wide discrepancies in both service models and provision relating to autism. More work is required to communicate what autism services should look like along with greater awareness training for professionals working with adults with autism to ensure reasonable adjustments are occurring across public services. Originality/value – This paper outlines current key policy and legislation in England relating to autism.

scholarly journals Dochody uzupełniające w budżetach gmin w świetle aktywnego poszukiwania renty

2012 ◽  
pp. 211-233
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Dworakowska
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Rent Seeking ◽  
The State ◽  
Legal Regulations ◽  
Total Income

Communes are units of territorial self-government responsible for carrying out the most public services, for which purpose they need to seek sufficient funds. The income of communal self-governments consists in: own income, general subsidies and targeted grants from the state treasury. Supplementary income of communal budgets includes funds other than own income. Communal budgets are tied to the central budget by transfer of funds through general subsidies and targeted grants. The substantial share of supplementary income within the total income structure makes communes dependent on the state. The need for self-governments to obtain other sources of income opens up a rent-seeking possibility for communes. These territorial units of self-government become interest groups striving to achieve the best possible conditions for their own functioning. The aim of this paper is to answer the question whether communal self-governments engage in rent-seeking as regards supplementary income. The paper describes the specificity of supplementary income in Polish communal budgets, their functioning including appropriate legal regulations, and their application in practice. General subsidies and targeted grants from the state treasury are also characterized. The paper also analyses the relative shares of the two types of supplementary income in the communal budget structure and presents the resulting conclusions. The structure of the paper and the analysis contained herein have mandated the conclusion that communal self-governments engage in rent-seeking as regards supplementary income.

Organisational Challenges of Implementing E-Business in the Public Services

2008 ◽  
pp. 833-853
Author(s):  
Francesca Andreescu
Keyword(s):  
United Kingdom ◽  
Public Sector ◽  
Private Sector ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Public Services ◽  
Geographic Information ◽  
Information Industry ◽  
The Public ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
New Strategy

Underpinning £136 billion of economic activity in the United Kingdom, Britain’s National Mapping Agency is a commercialising public sector organisation having trading fund status and existing in the intersection of two different spheres—the public and the private. Recognised as a leading participant in the geographic information industry, within which it is forging partnerships with key private sector companies, the organisation has enthusiastically grasped e-business as an all-embracing phenomenon and implemented a new strategy that transformed the way it did business. Drawing on longitudinal data gathered over a period of four years, this article explores the processes of strategic and organisational transformation engendered by e-business implementation in this organisation and discusses the successful elements, as well as some of the challenges to its change efforts.

scholarly journals Choosing lobbying sides: the General Data Protection Regulation of the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 543-564
Author(s):  
Ece Özlem Atikcan ◽  
Adam William Chalmers
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Data Protection ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Fundamental Question ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Data Set ◽  
General Data Protection Regulation ◽  
Regulatory Issue ◽  
General Data

AbstractDespite the impressive amount of empirical research on lobbying, a fundamental question remains overlooked. How do interest groups choose to lobby different sides of an issue? We argue that how groups choose sides is a function of firm-level economic activity. By studying a highly salient regulatory issue, the European Union’s General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), and using a novel data set of lobbying activities, we reveal that a group’s main economic sector matters most. Firms operating in finance and retail face unique costs and are incentivised to lobby against the GDPR. However, these groups are outgunned by a large, heterogeneous group of firms with superior lobbying firepower on the other side of the issue.

14. Interest Groups

2020 ◽  
pp. 252-266
Author(s):  
Roland Erne
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Public Interest ◽  
Contentious Politics ◽  
Voluntary Organizations ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
Private Interest ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Interest Representation ◽  
Alternative Suggestion

This chapter examines the role that interest groups play in political systems across time and space. Many scholars define interest groups as voluntary organizations that appeal to government but do not participate in elections. In a comparative context, however, this formal definition is problematic as the form of interest representation varies across countries. An alternative suggestion is to distinguish ‘public’ and ‘private interest groups’, but the term ‘public interest’ is problematic because of its contentious nature. The chapter begins with a review of different definitions of interest groups and the problems associated with each. It then considers the legacies of competing theoretical traditions in the field, namely republicanism, pluralism, and neocorporatism. It also discusses the role of interest associations in practice, distinguishing different types of action that are available to different groups, including direct lobbying, political exchange, contentious politics, and private interest government.

scholarly journals Presence and influence in lobbying: Evidence from Dodd-Frank

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 267-295 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pamela Ban ◽  
Hye Young You
Keyword(s):  
Interest Groups ◽  
Interest Group ◽  
Securities And Exchange Commission ◽  
Specific Interest ◽  
Trade Associations ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Final Rule ◽  
Agency Rulemaking ◽  
Two Stages

AbstractInterest groups face many choices when lobbying: when, who, and how to lobby. We study interest group lobbying across two stages of regulatory policymaking: the congressional and agency rulemaking stages. We investigate how the Securities and Exchange Commission responds to interest groups at the end of these stages using a new, comprehensive lobbying dataset on the Dodd-Frank Act. Our approach examines citations in the SEC's final rules which reference and acknowledge the lobbying activities of specific interest groups. We find that more than 2,900 organizations engaged in different types of lobbying activities either during the congressional bill stage, the agency rulemaking stage, or both. Meetings with the SEC and hiring former SEC employees are strongly associated with the citation of an organization in a final rule. Comments submitted by trade associations and members of Congress are cited more in a final rule compared to other organizations. While there is more variety in the types of organizations who lobby the bureaucracy than those who lobby Congress, presence does not necessarily lead to recognition or influence.

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