In vivo Labeling of Schistosoma japonicum Cercariae with 35 S

Vitamin B12 deficiency is common in people of all ages who consume a low intake of animal-source foods, including populations in developing countries. It is also prevalent among the elderly, even in wealthier countries, due to their malabsorption of B12 from food. Several methods have been applied to diagnose vitamin B12 malabsorption, including Schillings test, which is now used rarely, but these do not quantify percent bioavailability. Most of the information on B12 bioavailability from foods was collected 40 to 50 years ago, using radioactive isotopes of cobalt to label the corrinoid ring. The data are sparse, and the level of radioactivity required for in vivo labeling of animal tissues can be prohibitive. A newer method under development uses a low dose of radioactivity as 14C-labeled B12, with measurement of the isotope excreted in urine and feces by accelerator mass spectrometry. This test has revealed that the unabsorbed vitamin is degraded in the intestine. The percent bioavailability is inversely proportional to the dose consumed due to saturation of the active absorption process, even within the range of usual intake from foods. This has important implications for the assessment and interpretation of bioavailability values, setting dietary requirements, and interpreting relationships between intake and status of the vitamin.

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In vivo praziquantel efficacy of Schistosoma japonicum over time: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Acta Tropica ◽

10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106048 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 106048

Author(s):

Qiu-Fu Yu ◽

Jie-Ying Zhang ◽

Meng-Tao Sun ◽

Man-Man Gu ◽

Hui-Ying Zou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Over Time

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Monitoring of changes in the membrane proteome during stationary phase adaptation of Bacillus subtilis using in vivo labeling techniques

PROTEOMICS ◽

10.1002/pmic.200701081 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 2062-2076 ◽

Cited By ~ 48

Author(s):

Annette Dreisbach ◽

Andreas Otto ◽

Dörte Becher ◽

Elke Hammer ◽

Alexander Teumer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacillus Subtilis ◽

Stationary Phase ◽

Membrane Proteome ◽

In Vivo Labeling

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Upregulated Expression of Cytotoxicity-Related Genes in IFN-γKnockout Mice withSchistosoma japonicumInfection

Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology ◽

10.1155/2011/864945 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 2011 ◽

pp. 1-13 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Xiaotang Du ◽

Jingjiao Wu ◽

Meijuan Zhang ◽

Yanan Gao ◽

Donghui Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

T Cells ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Fas Ligand ◽

Acute Infection ◽

Acquired Resistance ◽

Parasite Burden ◽

Cytotoxic T Cell ◽

Igg Antibody

It is well accepted that IFN-γis important to the development of acquired resistance against murine schistosomiasis. However, thein vivorole of this immunoregulatory cytokine in helminth infection needs to be further investigated. In this study, parasite burden and host immune response were observed in IFN-γknockout mice (IFNg KO) infected withSchistosoma japonicumfor 6 weeks. The results suggested that deficiency in IFN-γled to decreased egg burden in mice, with low schistosome-specific IgG antibody response and enhanced activation of T cells during acute infection. Microarray and qRT-PCR data analyses showed significant upregulation of some cytotoxicity-related genes, including those from the granzyme family, tumor necrosis factor, Fas Ligand, and chemokines, in the spleen cells of IFNg KO mice. Furthermore, CD8+cells instead of NK cells of IFNg KO mice exhibited increased transcription of cytotoxic genes compared with WT mice. Additionally,Schistosoma japonicum-specific egg antigen immunization also could activate CD8+T cells to upregulate the expression of cytotoxic genes in IFNg KO mice. Our data suggest that IFN-γis not always a positive regulator of immune responses. In certain situations, the disruption of IFN-γsignaling may up-regulate the cytotoxic T-cell-mediated immune responses to the parasite.

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Metabolic in Vivo Labeling Highlights Differences of Metabolically Active Microbes from the Mucosal Gastrointestinal Microbiome between High-Fat and Normal Chow Diet

Journal of Proteome Research ◽

10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00973 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 1593-1604 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Andreas Oberbach ◽

Sven-Bastiaan Haange ◽

Nadine Schlichting ◽

Marco Heinrich ◽

Stefanie Lehmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chow Diet ◽

High Fat ◽

Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽

In Vivo Labeling ◽

Normal Chow ◽

Normal Chow Diet

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Tim-3 Induces Th2-Biased Immunity and Alternative Macrophage Activation during Schistosoma japonicum Infection

Infection and Immunity ◽

10.1128/iai.00517-15 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 83 (8) ◽

pp. 3074-3082 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Nan Hou ◽

Xianyu Piao ◽

Shuai Liu ◽

Chuang Wu ◽

Qijun Chen

Keyword(s):

Immune Response ◽

T Cells ◽

Schistosoma Japonicum ◽

Immune Cell ◽

Nk Cell ◽

Alternative Activation ◽

Interleukin 12 ◽

Content Type

T cell immunoglobulin- and mucin-domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) has been regarded as an important regulatory factor in both adaptive and innate immunity. Recently, Tim-3 was reported to be involved in Th2-biased immune responses in mice infected withSchistosoma japonicum, but the exact mechanism behind the involvement of Tim-3 remains unknown. The present study aims to understand the role of Tim-3 in the immune response againstS. japonicuminfection. Tim-3 expression was determined by flow cytometry, and increased Tim-3 expression was observed on CD4+and CD8+T cells, NK1.1+cells, and CD11b+cells from the livers ofS. japonicum-infected mice. However, the increased level of Tim-3 was lower in the spleen than in the liver, and no increase in Tim-3 expression was observed on splenic CD8+T cells or CD11b+cells. The schistosome-induced upregulation of Tim-3 on natural killer (NK) cells was accompanied by reduced NK cell numbersin vitroandin vivo. Tim-3 antibody blockade led to upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and interleukin-12 (IL-12) mRNA in CD11b+cells cocultured with soluble egg antigen and downregulation of Arg1 and IL-10, which are markers of M2 macrophages. In summary, we observed schistosome-induced expression of Tim-3 on critical immune cell populations, which may be involved in the Th2-biased immune response and alternative activation of macrophages during infection.

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Cell proliferation assay – method optimisation for in vivo labeling of DNA in the rat forestomach

Acta veterinaria ◽

10.1515/acve-2017-0001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 67 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Gordana Joksić ◽

Mileva Mićić ◽

Jelena Filipović ◽

Dunja Drakulić ◽

Miloš Stanojlović ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Proliferation ◽

Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽

Optimal Dose ◽

Cell Labeling ◽

Assay Method ◽

Proliferating Cells ◽

Adult Rats ◽

In Vivo Labeling

AbstractThe study of cell proliferation is a useful tool in the fields of toxicology, pathophysiology and pharmacology. Cell proliferation and its degree can be evaluated using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine which is incorporated into the newly synthesized DNA. The aim of this study was the optimization of subcutaneous application of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine implantation for continuous and persistent marking of proliferating cells in the rat forestomach. 3-tert-Butyl-4-hydroxyanisole was used as the agent that ensures cell proliferation. In order to determine the optimal dose for proliferating cells labeling, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine doses of 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg or 350 mg were implemented 2 days prior to sacrifice by flat-faced cylindrical matrices. Immunohistochemical analysis using 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in situ detection kit was performed for the detection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine labeled cells. The results showed that for adult rats, the optimum 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine dose is 200 mg per animal for subcutaneous application. The here described manner of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine in vivo labeling provides a simple, efficient, and reliable method for cell labeling, and at the same minimizes stress to animals.

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