scholarly journals Pricing the Priceless: Cost-Benefit Analysis of Environmental Protection

2002 ◽  
Vol 150 (5) ◽  
pp. 1553 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Ackerman ◽  
Lisa Heinzerling
Author(s):  
Gerd Winter Winter

A eco-proporcionalidade é proposta como uma possibilidade de estruturar o balanceamento de interesses de exploração e proteção da natureza, restringindo, assim, a discricionariedade embutida em conceitos como direitos da natureza, contrato natural, sustentabilidade e análise custo-benefício. Eco-proporcionalidade é uma analogia ao já firmado princípio da proporcionalidade, aqui chamado de sócio-proporcionalidade. Ambos os princípios têm um denominador comum na medida em que realizam uma checagem de poder – poder do Estado sobre a sociedade e da sociedade sobre a natureza, respectivamente. Assim como a sócio-proporcionalidade, a eco-proporcionalidade requer quatro testes, nomeadamente um objetivo justificável de ação, adequação, necessidade e sopesamento de meios. O artigo procura mostrar que a eco-proporcionalidade já se mostra presente tanto como uma norma social quanto como uma norma jurídica. Há razão para sugerir que ela deveria entrar em mais esferas da prática social e da ordem jurídica, ao mesmo tempo tomando uma forma mais diferenciada e ambiciosa.  AbstractEco-proportionality is proposed as a possibility of how to structure the balancing of interests of exploitation and protection of nature, thus fettering the discretion built into concepts like nature rights, the contrat naturel, sustainability and cost-benefit analysis. Eco-proportionality is an analogy to the well-established public law principle of proportionality, here called socio-proportionality. Both principles have a common denominator in that they make a check on power, power of the state over society and of society over nature, respectively. Like in socio-proportionality, ecoproportionality requires four tests, namely a justifiable objective of action and the effectiveness, necessity and weighing of means. It has been shown that the principle is already present both as a social and legal norm. There is reason to suggest that it should enter into more spheres of societal practice and legal order, at the same time taking a more differentiated and ambitious shape. KeywordsEnvironmental Law. Principles of Environmental Protection. Eco-proportionality. Socio-proportionality. Self-regulation. Transnational Law.


2011 ◽  
pp. 57-78
Author(s):  
I. Pilipenko

The paper analyzes shortcomings of economic impact studies based mainly on input- output models that are often employed in Russia as well as abroad. Using studies about sport events in the USA and Olympic Games that took place during the last 30 years we reveal advantages of the cost-benefit analysis approach in obtaining unbiased assessments of public investments efficiency; the step-by-step method of cost-benefit analysis is presented in the paper as well. We employ the project of Sochi-2014 Winter Olympic and Paralympic Games in Russia to evaluate its efficiency using cost-benefit analysis for five accounts (areas of impact), namely government, households, environment, economic development, and social development, and calculate the net present value of the project taking into account its possible alternatives. In conclusion we suggest several policy directions that would enhance public investment efficiency within the Sochi-2014 Olympics.


2007 ◽  
pp. 70-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Demidova

This article analyzes definitions and the role of hostile takeovers at the Russian and European markets for corporate control. It develops the methodology of assessing the efficiency of anti-takeover defenses adapted to the conditions of the Russian market. The paper uses the cost-benefit analysis, where the costs and benefits of the pre-bid and post-bid defenses are compared.


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