Narcotráfico y economía ilícita: las redes del crimen organizado en Río de Janeiro (Drug Trafficking and the Underground Economy: Networks of Organized Crime in Rio de Janeiro)

2004 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosinaldo Silva de Sousa ◽  
Isabel Anaya Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Underground Economy

Illegal migration as an encroachment on the sovereignty and security of the state

2021 ◽  
pp. 341-352
Author(s):  
Sergey D. Grinko
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Illegal Migration ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
World Community ◽  
Large Length ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Entire World

We consider the issues of correlation between the international law of citizens of different states to travel and national legislation restricting illegal migration, which are the subject of interstate agreements. The issue of combating organized illegal migration for Russia is urgent, since the dynam-ics of this crime indicates an increase in the registration of such crimes and the identified persons who committed them. This is due to the large length of Russian borders and integration with foreign states, which entails an increase in the penetration of foreign citizens into the territory of our country. Illegal migration leads to an increase in ethnic organized crime and related smug-gling, drug trafficking, tax evasion and extortion. The fight against this criminal phenomenon is relevant for the entire world community. States seek to protect their citizens, but at the same time are obliged to comply with in-ternational legal norms on the issue under consideration. This activity of states should be carried out in accordance with the principles of respect for human rights and freedoms. We analyze international and Russian legisla-tion, damage caused by illegal migration, and propose measures to prevent crime related to illegal migration.

Jim Crow Organized Crime

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Will Cooley
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
African American ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
Jim Crow ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Underground Economy ◽  
Street Gangs ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Games Of Chance

This chapter examines the historical evolution of Chicago’s African American underground economy. During the first decades of the twentieth-century games of chance associated with cards and dice were the primary source of gambling revenue in black Chicago. By the early 1930s, this facet of the underground economy had been surpassed by policy, also referred to as “the numbers game.” An important linkage between these two periods was that gambling proprietors funneled some of their profits back into the larger community. Later in the twentieth century, gang-controlled drug trafficking became the primary manifestation of black Chicago’s underground economy. Unlike the earlier period’s relatively violence-free focus on games of chance, the selling of illicit drugs by street gangs turned black Chicago into a battleground.

Research on Upper Level Drug Trafficking: A Review

2007 ◽  
Vol 37 (4) ◽  
pp. 827-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frederick Desroches
Keyword(s):  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Friendship Networks ◽  
Drug Markets ◽  
Niche Markets ◽  
Low Profile ◽  
Upper Level ◽  
Drug Traffickers ◽  
The Uk

This article examines research on upper level drug traffickers in the U.S., the UK, Canada, and the Netherlands. Included is an analysis and critique of typologies of drug traffickers and theoretical models of organized crime as they apply to upper level drug networks. Studies of higher level drug trafficking indicate that drug markets represent informal and loosely organized associations of relatively small syndicates or crews of independent drug entrepreneurs. They compete for market share and deal primarily or exclusively with trusted associates chosen from ethnic, kinship, and friendship networks. Most dealers are highly cautious, eschew the use of violence, typically make huge profits, attempt to maintain a low profile, rationalize their conduct as business activity, and operate within geographically niche markets.

scholarly journals Hidden Gender Violence in the War on Organized Crime in Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, Mexico (2010-2011)

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 368-375
Author(s):  
Rosalba Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Human Rights ◽  
Organized Crime ◽  
Drug Trafficking ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Gender Violence ◽  
Ciudad Juarez ◽  
Loss Of Life ◽  
Fundamental Factor ◽  
The People ◽  
The Impact

Militarization[1] in this country - Mexico - is a fundamental factor of political definition due to the loss of life[2] that it has represented, and the impact on public life stemming from the constant violation of the human rights of men, but especially for women, who have both seen their everyday life modified. This fight against organized crime, some have defined it as a war against the people, which pretends to be a war on drug trafficking. In Ciudad Juarez, we already know that the presence of the army and police on the streets does not increase safety, and instead, gender violence is exposed in deaths that occur constantly, so that militarization and impunity are the key to reading the new events as part of a hegemonic project, in which the bodies and humanity are no longer relevant.

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