The Road to Realism: The Early Years, 1837-1885, of William Dean Howells

This essay focuses on the questions of whether German unification resulted in a wholesale retreat of intellectuals from politics and engagement with social issues, as the rhetoric of failure would indicate, or whether the key debates of the period can be read instead as a sign that Germany is on the road to becoming a more 'normal' European nation. Before returning to these issuesat the end of this paper I first provide a broad historical and theoretical context for my discussion of the role of the concerned intellectual in Germany, before offering an overview of the respective functions of literary intellectuals in both German states in the post-war period. I then address a series of key debates and discussions in 1989 and the early nineteen-nineties that were responsible for changing the forms of engagement in intellectual debates in post-unification German society. I argue that the 1990s and early years of the new millennium hastened the disappearance of the writer as a universal intellectual and focused attention on the writer as an individualist and a professional. Today's youngest generation of writer in Germany is a specialist intellectual who intervenes in political and social matters from time to time but who is not expected to take a moral-ethical stance on most issues of national and international concern. S/he is one who frequently writes about personal subjects, but may also occasionally, as witnessed after September 11, turn his or her pen to topics of global concern as in terrorism and Islam. More often than not, however, writers now leave the work of commenting on political affairs to writers of the older guard and to other 'senior' specialist intellectuals.

Download Full-text

The care of the royal tombs in english cathedrals in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries: the case of the effigy of King John at Worcester

The Antiquaries Journal ◽

10.1017/s0003581509000092 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 89 ◽

pp. 365-387 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

S D Church

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Early Years ◽

Duty Of Care ◽

Main Theme ◽

Short Discussion ◽

The Road ◽

History Of ◽

Nineteenth And Twentieth Centuries ◽

Burden Of Caring ◽

King John

AbstractThe medieval history of the celebrated tomb of King John at Worcester is now well known. The works of Charles Alfred Stothard at the beginning of the nineteenth century, of William St John Hope in the early years of the twentieth century, and that of Jane Martindale at the end of that century, are highlights along the road of our understanding of the royal effigy in its medieval context. But all the while this work of comprehension was going on, those who had a duty of care over the tomb were engaged in a battle to offload that responsibility. The authorities at Worcester were not alone in wondering who should carry the burden of caring for royal monuments in English cathedrals. As early as 1841, the question of the care of royal tombs in Westminster Abbey had come under Parliamentary scrutiny. The deans and chapters at Canterbury and at Gloucester also sought government subvention for the care of the royal tombs in their cathedrals. The history of this debate about the care of royal sepulchral monuments forms the wider framework for the main theme of this article, which is an examination in detail of the ways in which King John’s tomb at Worcester was treated between 1872 and 1930. It reveals a remarkable story in which a catalogue of disastrous decisions came to give us the tomb and effigy as we have them today. The article concludes with a short discussion of the introduction of the 1990 Care of Cathedrals Measure which established the structures that currently exist (with subsequent amendments) for the preservation of Anglican cathedral churches in use.

Download Full-text

John von Neumann: The early years, the years at Los Alamos, and the road to computing

Peter Lax, Mathematician ◽

10.1090/mbk/088/14 ◽

2014 ◽

pp. 167-173 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Peter Lax

Keyword(s):

Early Years ◽

Los Alamos ◽

John Von Neumann ◽

Von Neumann ◽

The Road

Download Full-text

3. Industry

The History of Cinema: A Very Short Introduction ◽

10.1093/actrade/9780198701774.003.0003 ◽

2017 ◽

pp. 28-49

Author(s):

Geoffrey Nowell-Smith

Keyword(s):

Trade Liberalization ◽

Early Years ◽

The Road ◽

Mass Migration ◽

World Cinema ◽

Technological Base ◽

Studio System ◽

On The Road ◽

Do So ◽

Hollywood Studio System

The cinema is an industry, but it did not become an industry overnight, nor did it do so as an automatic consequence of its technological base. What set cinema on the road to becoming an industry in the early years were the needs of commerce, as the new medium spread rapidly across the globe. ‘Industry’ describes the development of the Hollywood studio system and how that practice was imitated in Europe and Asia. It goes on to outline how the structure of world cinema changed through trade liberalization and mass migration. Despite numerous changes, the world’s film industries continue to follow the template set down nearly a century ago, in the 1920s.

Download Full-text

PERAN SOSIAL HADITH DAN SIGNIFIKASI SEJARAHNYA MENURUT MUHAMMAD ASAD

JURNAL ISLAMIKA ◽

10.37859/jsi.v4i2.2846 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 33-53

Author(s):

Ahmad Nabil amir

Keyword(s):

Early Years ◽

The Road

Makalah ini menyorot fikrah hadith Muhammad Asad (1990-1992) dan kontribusinya dalam pemahaman hadith kontemporer. Ia membincangkan kefahaman asas tentang hadith yang dirumuskan dalam karya-karyanya seperti Sahih al-Bukhari The Early Years of Islam; Islam at The Crossroads (bab “Hadith and Sunnah” dan “The Spirit of the Sunnah”); This Law of Ours and Other Essays; The Road to Mecca dan The Message of the Qur’an. Pengaruh hadith ini turut ditinjau daripada artikelnya dalam jurnal Arafat dan makalahnya yang lain terkait tema-tema hadith dan sunnah dan pemahaman serta cabarannya di abad moden, seperti tulisannya “Social and Cultural Realities of the Sunnah”. Reka bentuk kajian adalah bersifat deskriptif, analitis, historis dan komparatif. Kajian cuba mengembangkan ide dan fikrah hadith yang dirumuskan Asad dari perspektifnya yang moden dan membandingkannya dengan pemikiran-pemikiran sejarah yang krusial terkait prinsip hadith yang dibawakan oleh pemikir Islam yang lain. Dapatan kajian menyimpulkan bahawa Muhammad Asad telah memberikan sumbangan yang penting dalam pemikiran hadith di abad moden dengan hasil penulisannya yang prolifik dan substantif, termasuk terjemahan dan syarahannya yang ekstensif terhadap Sahih al-Bukhari yang memuatkan komentar-komentar yang baru dan analisis sejarahnya yang mendalam terhadap kitab ini. Ia merumuskan pertentangan-pertentangan hukum dan istinbat-istinbat fuqaha dan muhaddith dalam tradisi syarah hadith yang kritis. Ia turut merespon pertikaian-pertikaian asas yang dibangkitkan oleh golongan orientalis dan intelektual yang skeptis terhadap riwayat-riwayat sejarah dalam tradisi hadith

Download Full-text

FACTUAL REFLECTION OF URBAN SPACE IN WILLIAM DEAN HOWELLS'S SHORT PROSE

GÃªnero & Direito ◽

10.22478/ufpb.2179-7137.2019v8n4.48386 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (4) ◽

Author(s):

Natalia L. Fesyanova ◽

Ekaterina A. Khuzina

Keyword(s):

Urban Space ◽

Small Towns ◽

William Dean Howells ◽

Modern World ◽

American Writer ◽

The Road ◽

Inner World ◽

The City ◽

Artificial World ◽

Intensive Search

American writer William Dean Howells led an intensive search for artistic means to represent reality throughout his creative journey. His creative method was characterized by an acute sensation of the world's objectivity and the understanding of art as a special language. In this article, various types of art (landscape, music) are examined by which the writer created a factographic reflection of the urban space that determined the artistic specifics of his works. The theme of the city and the motive of the road in W. D. Howells creative destiny became fundamental ones and were reflected in his small prose. The studied texts of the American writer focused the attention on the inner world and the feelings of the author-narrator. He has a phenomenal memory that helps to save not only the experienced events, but also the emotional fabric of his wanderings in detail. The urban pictures conveyed by W.D. Howells are as detailed as possible, demonstrate both the author's picture of the world and the specific norms of the urban space of the XIXth century. In the stories the writer shows such power of the urban environment, which adversely affects the development of urban culture, not only ecological but also psychological pollution occurs, the break with the surrounding reality and the construction of an artificial world. Thus, it allowed the author to combine documentality and artistic generalizations, confirming everything with specific names, titles, and events. Throughout the narrative in the small prose by W. D. Howells, the idea of the organic development of small towns and the existence in harmony with the surrounding natural environment is the main one, which is of enormous importance for the modern world. An original translation from English in the article was performed by the author.

Download Full-text

Traditional Elements in the Iranian Realistic Drama

Dance & Theatre Review ◽

10.24821/dtr.v1i2.3161 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Farindokht Zahedi

Keyword(s):

Early Years ◽

Written Text ◽

The Road ◽

New Type ◽

European Theatre ◽

Constitutional Revolution ◽

The Revolution

Modern Iranian drama developed in line with a liberal school of thought, bothbefore and after the Constitutional Revolution in 1906. It came during thetransition from a traditional to a new type of society that was able to tolerateand accept the revolution. The arrival of European theatre in 1878, with itsdependence on a written text rather than improvisatory acting, was part of themodernization process in Iran that enjoyed its height in the early years of thetwentieth century. At the same time, traditional theatre was being rediscovered,and playwrights started using some of its forms to develop indigenous modernIranian theatre to meet the standards of the genuine past and dynamic present.Although there was an assimilation of certain secular tendencies, the newlyappearing type of drama satisfied the need for modernity through defendingpolitical and social liberties. The road to transition began in the 1850’s andgained momentum during the 1940’s through the 1970’s, leaving its effects onIranian drama in such a way that its legacy persists to date.Keywords: realistic drama; Iranian drama; Iran Constitutional Revolution

Download Full-text