RELATIONSHIPS OF MIRZA FATALI AKHUNDZADA WITH HIS CONTEMPORARIES IN THE FIELD OF STRUGGLE FOR NEW ALPHABET

The article investigates the new idea of alphabet of M.F.Akhundzada and the social-scientific relationships with his contemporaries in the field of realizing this idea. İt is noted that the idea of new alphabet constitutes the basis of the concept of enlightenment. According to the rich scientific and epistolary heritage of writer-thinker, he put forward the issue of the necessity of alphapet reform giving ground that it causes to the massive illiteracy and non-compliance with Arabic alphabet used in Azerbaijan to the phonetic nature of Azerbaijan language as the result of social-historical processes and making special difficulties in teaching process. However M.F.Akhundzada doesn’t consider his mission to be completed with putting forward an idea, he made a new alphabet and sent it to the official counties of the Ottoman Empire and Iran, as well as the scientific centers of the important five countries of Europe for discussing it. The article has investigated the visit of M.F.Akhundzada to İstanbul and its results, as well as the correspondences with the official counties of Iran and consultations with his contemporariesfor discussing new alphabet project. The article as involved to the study of letters he sent to his contemporaries, his relevant writings kept in the archive of M.A.Akhundzada, and appreciated the idea and considerations of other researchers about the problem. The Article clarifies the reasons of not realizing the idea of new alphabet of M.F.Akhundzada, and showed historical-culturological importance of this idea. It is noted that new alphabet idea collected supporters during little time, the issue of changing Arabic alphabet became social requirement in society and after Azerbaijan regained its state independence, the country started to Latin graphics alphabet

EXPLORING AND EXPLAINING THE ECONOMIC POLITICAL RELATIONS BETWEEN IRAN AND THE SOVIET UNION IN THE SECOND PAHLAVI ERA EMPHASIZING THE SYSTEM THEORY

Iran and Russia have common interests, especially in political terms, because of the common borders and territorial neighborhood. This has led to a specific sensitivity to how the two countries are approaching each other. Despite the importance of the two countries' relations, it is observed that in the history of the relations between Iran and Russia, various issues and issues have always been hindered by the close relations between the two countries. The beginning of Iran-Soviet relations during the Second Pahlavi era was accompanied by issues such as World War II and subsequent events. The relations between the two countries were influenced by the factors and system variables of the international system, such as the Cold War, the US-Soviet rivalry, the Second World War and the entry of the Allies into Iran, the deconstruction of the relations between the two post-Cold War superpowers, and so on.The main question of the current research is that the political relations between Iran and Russia influenced by the second Pahlavi period?To answer this question, the hypothesis was that Iran's political economic relations were fluctuating in the second Pahlavi era and influenced by the changing system theory of the international system with the Soviet Union. The findings suggest that various variables such as the structure of the international system and international events, including World War II, the arrival of controversial forces in Iran, the Cold War, the post-Cold War, the US and Soviet policies, and the variables such as the issue of oil Azerbaijan's autonomy, Tudeh's actions in Iran, the issue of fisheries and borders. Also, the policies adopted by Iranian politicians, including negative balance policy, positive nationalism and independent national policy, have affected Iran-Soviet relations. In a general conclusion, from 1320 (1942) to 1357 (1979), the relationship between Iran and Russia has been an upward trend towards peaceful coexistence. But expansion of further relations in the economic, technical and cultural fields has been political rather than political.

LEGALIZATION OF NON-TRADITIONAL MARRIAGES AS A FACTOR UNDERMINING THE MORAL BASIS OF THE FAMILY AND LEADING TO THE REJECTION OF CHRISTIAN VALUES

The goal of this research article is to demonstrate that non-traditional marriages not only undermine the moral basis of the institution of the family, and lead to the rejection of traditional values. In order to examine this problem, comparative analysis was chosen as the main research method. Through the exploration of international experience and comparing legal norms, repeating the same mistakes in the area of domestic law and judicial practice can be avoided. This approach also facilitates the assessment of the effectiveness of solving various problems of law enforcement associated with the institutions of marriage and as a consequence, family in modern society. Additionally, the authors employed some other general and private scientific methods. Based on the findings of this work, the following conclusions were drawn: non-traditional marriage is a relationship in which the number of participants, their gender, the method of marriage registration, as well as the method of choosing a partner differ from the generally accepted standard of “the man and the woman” to meet sexual interests and needs of the participants. It is noteworthy that family is the basis of the state, national identity, and cultural development. Without a family in its traditional sense, it is impossible to preserve traditions and to pass them on from one generation to another. Therefore, it is imperative for us and our legislators to seriously consider the legalization of the concept of non-traditional marriages so that they are prohibited and the individuals who are looking to enter into such marriages are persecuted, since these newfangled Western trends are aimed at the destruction of state values and the inexorable degradation of the state itself.

PROBLEMS OF DIFFERENTIATION OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT IN THE GLOBAL ECONOMY

This paper considers the differentiation of the development level of some countries of the world using different models of socio-economic development. The study consisted of several stages and was based on data published on the official websites of the World Economic Forum, the World Bank, and the International Monetary Fund. In this regard, we studied the methods for assessing the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the development of countries in the world economy. We also studied the leading countries in terms of socio-economic development, strategies and their competitive advantages, and identified priority areas for the development of the economies of countries under consideration during the analyzed period. This paper presents an analysis of economic parameters, a comparison of national economies, their development dynamics using quantitative indicators of economic growth. According to the study, China has prospects for a great leap forward in economic development, the United States is the leader in many respects, and Japan has slowed down in economic growth and risks continuing to suffer losses in a number of economic indicators. Chad, India, China and developed countries have strong differentiation in terms of per capita GDP growth rates according to PPPs. All this speaks of the processes of strengthening differentiation, taking place in the world economy, widening the gap in the level of life quality among countries

THE ELEMENTS OF TRADİTİON AND MODERNİSM İN NİNETEENTH CENTURY AZERBAİJANİ LİTERATURE: EAST - WEST THOUGHT AND RELİGİOUS-MYTHOLOGİCAL MOTİVES

The literary orientation based on common principles is determined on the same cultural, ethical and aesthetic traditions, the same outlook, philosophy of life, related principles of creativity and the unified social, cultural and historical environment. Public and political views also usually act as a powerful driving force. The nineteenth century literature is one of the stages distinguished with ideological and aesthetic achievements of the Azerbaijani literary culture which has rich history. Emerging as a reflection of new historical conditions, this literature attracts attention as an original and peculiar phenomenon because of its literary and poetic qualities. Literature that reflects the world through literary paints depending on the angle of view, approach, ethno-cultural thinking, is also of interest as the product of its formation era and environment. As fiction or poetic literature reflects life, it is important to understand the reflection of the social, socio-historical processes, to “catch the pulse" of life, and to address worldwide problems that are relevant for all periods. The writer's social life, social activities, and communication circle sometimes play a decisive role in issues such as being more aware of problems and finding ways to solve them. Azerbaijani literature which has historically been at different stages of development, has not only gained new qualities, but also has been able to preserve the existing tradition, influenced by different literary trends and different socio-cultural processes.

INTERNATIONAL IMPLICATIONS IN THE ANGLOPHONE CRISIS IN CAMEROON

This article sheds particular light on the Anglophone crisis in Cameroon, focusing in particular on its internationalization. It exposes the highlights of the manifestation of insecurity in the English-speaking regions of Cameroon. This article finally proposes to explain the roles and intentions of international actors as they attempt to lay the foundations for/or increase their influence in Cameroon

INFRASTRUCTURE SUPPORT FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF REGIONAL ECONOMIC SYSTEMS

This article considers the problems of infrastructure financing, which is necessary for the successful development of regional economic systems. To identify the current problems in the development of investment attractiveness of the Russian regions, we selected the following factors: availability and level of provision of industrial, social, transport, and other infrastructure with facilities, government expenses on the creation and development of regional infrastructure. The study consists of several stages and is based on data published on the official websites of the World Bank, Gazprombank, the Ministry of Economic Development of the Russian Federation, and the Ministry of Regional Development of the Russian Federation. The study shows that the absolute leaders in terms of infrastructure investments are such countries as China, the United States, and India. In the total amount of infrastructure investments, transport infrastructure and telecommunications have an absolute advantage. In recent years, one of the development priorities of the Russian regions has been investing in physical culture and sports infrastructure facilities. This is due to major international sporting events and increasing the investment attractiveness of the regions. An important trend in the development of infrastructural support for the development of regional economic systems has been the conclusion of international investment transactions (IIT) and regional agreements. Most countries and regions, leading in the inflow of foreign direct investment, are the leaders in terms of infrastructure development at the same time.

EDITORIAL

EDITORIAL

EXPLAINING THE IMPLEMENTATION MODEL OF GREEN TECHNOLOGY IN IRANIAN AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY

Today, the automobile industry plays a critical role in enhancing the transportation level in societies and has become an integral part of human life. Given its direct and indirect interaction with environment in all sectors of production cycle from exploiting the natural resources to manufacturing, production, consumption, and from post-consumption to disposing its wastes, this industry is considered among the major sources of environmental pollution. One of the ways to protect the environment is to institutionalize the use of green technologies in automobile industry, an industry which plays a significant role in this pollution. On the other hand, using green technologies involves the necessary infrastructure in various dimensions which is always facing multiple challenges. The necessary condition to exploit the green technologies is identifying its effective and deterrent challenges which is the focus of this discussion and has been analyzed in two principle phases. In the Phase I, the main framework of the research is formed based on identifying the challenge dimensions, factors and effective indexes according to the presented conceptual model. In the Phase II, given the qualitative nature of research, the Delphi consensus technique is applied. Regarding the consensus obtained by the experts in the first and Phase IIs of Delphi technique, the research process reached its final consensus, thus making it unnecessary to enter into the Phase III. Finally, ten environmental and internal challenging factors along with 25 indexes from their subsets were confirmed by the experts, which was used as the basis for the inference and explanation of green technology implementation in the automobile industry.

MAİN DİRECTİONS OF CREATİON OF ELECTRONİC CATALOGUES İN LBRARİES İN THE INFORMATİON SOCİETY

The article analyzes the state and directions of the organization of electronic catalysts in the system of libraries, and shows the scientific-theoretical basis and methodology for the creation of electronic catalogues. The article also focuses on improving the efficiency of library services, the directions and principles of its improvement, and the optimal use of modern catalogue was noted. The article comparatively analyzes the methods used in the world practice and shows the methodological basis for the application of the innovations. In addition, at the modern era it outlines the automation of libraries, the creation of electronic catalogues, and in general problems of cataloguing, the role of libraries in providing access to documentary and database users who have access to various libraries around the world and in the country. The author concludes that the work done on the organization of electronic catalogues in our country contributes to the effective organization of the inquiry-information the process in the libraries of the Republic, accelerates access to the most valuable documents and facilitates world integration.