The Ecology and Behavior of the Prairie Warbler Dendroica discolor

1978 ◽  
pp. iii-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Val Nolan
Keyword(s):  
Prairie Warbler ◽  
Dendroica Discolor ◽  
And Behavior

scholarly journals Renesting Determines Seasonal Fecundity in Songbirds: What do we Know? What Should we Assume?

The Auk ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 122 (1) ◽  
pp. 280-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph A. Grzybowski ◽  
Craig M. Pease
Keyword(s):  
Breeding Season ◽  
Data Use ◽  
Empirical Measure ◽  
Season Length ◽  
Nest Failure ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Productivity Data ◽  
Prairie Warbler ◽  
Dendroica Discolor ◽  
Seasonal Fecundity

Abstract Because of the difficulty of following female songbirds through an entire breeding season, field ornithologists are seldom able to directly measure seasonal fecundity (defined as number of offspring produced per female during an entire breeding season). Instead, it is more commonly inferred from some measure of nest-productivity data (e.g. average number of offspring fledged per nesting attempt) using algorithms that make assumptions about the propensity of females to renest after a nest failure or after successfully fledging a brood. Recent analyses have often assumed set maximum numbers of nesting attempts and successful broods, and that all females breed up to those maxima. However, whereas data from songbirds intensively followed for an entire breeding season show that they are capable of up to 4–8 nesting attempts, many authors, in estimating seasonal fecundity, assume a maximum of only 1–4 nesting attempts. We applied a model to a Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor) data set (Nolan 1978) that allowed direct comparisons of (1) seasonal-fecundity estimates obtained assuming fixed maximum numbers of renestings and broods with (2) estimates obtained assuming that numbers of renesting attempts and successful nests are constrained only indirectly by length of breeding season. Although results under the latter assumption are concordant with Nolan's (1978) direct empirical measure of Prairie Warbler seasonal fecundity, estimates under assumptions of fixed maxima of renestings or broods are in serious error for many parameter choices. As such, our analyses disclose that essentially all estimates of seasonal fecundity in the literature derived by assuming a limited maximum number of nesting attempts or of successful broods are biased. Most commonly, when nest mortality is high, seasonal fecundity is underestimated; in some cases where nest mortality is low, seasonal fecundity is overestimated. We recommend that researchers estimating seasonal fecundity from nest-productivity data use a model that explicitly sets breeding-season length and thereby only indirectly constrains the possible number of nesting attempts and successful broods. La Nidificación Repetida Determina la Fecundidad Estacional en las Aves Canoras: ¿Qué Sabemos? ¿Qué Deberíamos Suponer?

Prairie Warbler (Dendroica discolor)

1999 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Nolan ◽  
E. D. Ketterson ◽  
C. A. Buerkle
Keyword(s):  
Prairie Warbler ◽  
Dendroica Discolor

How Homo economicus lost her mind and how we can revive her

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter DeScioli
Keyword(s):  
Economic Thought ◽  
History Of Economic Thought ◽  
Homo Economicus ◽  
Economic Theories ◽  
Target Article ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mind ◽  
And Behavior

AbstractThe target article by Boyer & Petersen (B&P) contributes a vital message: that people have folk economic theories that shape their thoughts and behavior in the marketplace. This message is all the more important because, in the history of economic thought, Homo economicus was increasingly stripped of mental capacities. Intuitive theories can help restore the mind of Homo economicus.

The parent-offspring microbiome and neurobehavioral development

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey R. Alberts ◽  
Christopher Harshaw ◽  
Gregory E. Demas ◽  
Cara L. Wellman ◽  
Ardythe L. Morrow
Keyword(s):  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Social Emotional ◽  
Behavioral Measures ◽  
Neurobehavioral Development ◽  
Emotional Function ◽  
Neurobehavioral Outcomes ◽  
Methodological Approaches ◽  
And Behavior

Abstract We identify the significance and typical requirements of developmental analyses of the microbiome-gut-brain (MGB) in parents, offspring, and parent-offspring relations, which have particular importance for neurobehavioral outcomes in mammalian species, including humans. We call for a focus on behavioral measures of social-emotional function. Methodological approaches to interpreting relations between the microbiota and behavior are discussed.

TEM evaluation of graded SixGe1-x heterolayers

1991 ◽  
Vol 49 ◽  
pp. 894-895
Author(s):  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Mamoru Tomozane ◽  
Ming Liaw
Keyword(s):  
Heterojunction Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Field Effect Transistors ◽  
Chemical Vapor ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Bipolar Transistors ◽  
Structural Quality ◽  
Weak Beam ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
And Behavior

There is extensive interest in SiGe for use in heterojunction bipolar transistors. SiGe/Si superlattices are also of interest because of their potential for use in infrared detectors and field-effect transistors. The processing required for these materials is quite compatible with existing silicon technology. However, before SiGe can be used extensively for devices, there is a need to understand and then control the origin and behavior of defects in the materials. The present study was aimed at investigating the structural quality of, and the behavior of defects in, graded SiGe layers grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD).The structures investigated in this study consisted of Si1-xGex[x=0.16]/Si1-xGex[x= 0.14, 0.13, 0.12, 0.10, 0.09, 0.07, 0.05, 0.04, 0.005, 0]/epi-Si/substrate heterolayers grown by CVD. The Si1-xGex layers were isochronally grown [t = 0.4 minutes per layer], with gas-flow rates being adjusted to control composition. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the 110 geometry. These were then analyzed using two-beam bright-field, dark-field and weak-beam images. A JEOL JEM 200CX transmission electron microscope was used, operating at 200 kV.

Formation of defects in implanted hipox-structures

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1406-1407
Author(s):  
Peter Pegler ◽  
N. David Theodore ◽  
Ming Pan
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Semiconductor Devices ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Processing Conditions ◽  
Pressure Oxidation ◽  
Deep Trench ◽  
Local Oxidation ◽  
Trench Isolation ◽  
And Behavior

High-pressure oxidation of silicon (HIPOX) is one of various techniques used for electrical-isolation of semiconductor-devices on silicon substrates. Other techniques have included local-oxidation of silicon (LOCOS), poly-buffered LOCOS, deep-trench isolation and separation of silicon by implanted oxygen (SIMOX). Reliable use of HIPOX for device-isolation requires an understanding of the behavior of the materials and structures being used and their interactions under different processing conditions. The effect of HIPOX-related stresses in the structures is of interest because structuraldefects, if formed, could electrically degrade devices.This investigation was performed to study the origin and behavior of defects in recessed HIPOX (RHIPOX) structures. The structures were exposed to a boron implant. Samples consisted of (i) RHlPOX'ed strip exposed to a boron implant, (ii) recessed strip prior to HIPOX, but exposed to a boron implant, (iii) test-pad prior to HIPOX, (iv) HIPOX'ed region away from R-HIPOX edge. Cross-section TEM specimens were prepared in the <110> substrate-geometry.

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