Are Two Rents Better than None? When Monopolies Correct Ill-Defined Property Rights

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Manning ◽  
Uchida
Keyword(s):  
2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dale T. Manning ◽  
Hirotsugu Uchida
Keyword(s):  

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 377-403
Author(s):  
Asdar Yusuf

The ability and willingness to have sufficient property is always desired by people because the generations that have enough supply of life is better than the begging ones. However, the ownership or transfer of property rights in Islam is clearly regulated through inheritance, sale, gifts, grants, endowments, alms, and other lawful means, such as loans and mortgages. The ownership or transfer of property through inheritance is an important part of Islam. Inheritance relationship between offspring was not easily done, both based on the particular culture and religion. Among the Hindus, especially in Bali, girls do not receive inheritance. The same also applies to Western society in England some time ago. In Padang-Muslim society, men do not receive it. In Javanese society, inheritance is divided equally, without differentiating boys and girls. Such inheritance is based on the cultural standards and anthropocentric paradigm (man as the center of everything). Interesting to be studied is the case in which Muslim whose parents or relatives are still non Muslims or live in a non Muslim state, when they died, the children are legally entitled to the inheritance of their parents or relatives, while in the hadith narrated in Bukhari and Muslim explicitly stated the prohibition of inheritance of different religion.


Author(s):  
Geoffrey Heal

The classical approach to external costs is to levy corrective taxes. An alternative, the cap and trade system, builds on the idea that external effects arise from inadequately-defined property rights. Historically most societies have regulated external effects, passing laws limiting externality-generating actions: this practice dates back at least to the Middle Ages. The US practices a legal approach to externality-management, giving damaged parties the right to sue for damages. Finally we are now seeing the emergence of an approach based on activism by civil society and consumers and by the investor community. Some of these approaches seem better than others – taxes and cap and trade, for example, are capable of correcting external effects at minimum cost.


2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
ILIA MURTAZASHVILI ◽  
JENNIFER MURTAZASHVILI

AbstractPolitical theories of property rights are less optimistic than self-governance perspectives regarding the ability of non-state organizations to supply private property institutions. Despite offering different answers to the question of where property rights come from, these diverse perspectives share a concern with organizational capacity, constraints, and legitimacy as explanations why organizations are able to supply private property rights. We use these shared concerns as a point of departure to investigate formal and informal private property rights in rural Afghanistan. We find that informal private property rights are more effective than formal private property rights because customary organizations fare better than the state on the dimensions of capacity, constraints, and legitimacy. More generally, these ‘political’ features of formal and informal organizations explain why self-governance works, as well as provide insight into the challenges confronting efforts in fragile states to establish formal private property institutions.


Author(s):  
Artem Lyapanov

The article analyzes the rights and obligations of state peasants following the reform of P.D. Kiselev, one of the aims of which was to bring the real situation of this category of the population into line with their formal status as free peasant peasants. The personal and property rights of peasants are examined as well as their implementation under the new system of government; duties, most importantly, the payment of numerous duties and obligations. The authors concluded that the reformers were not able to achieve the desired results. The situation of state peasants was better than that of other categories of peasants. However, they did not become truly free peasants before the reform of 1866.


1972 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 27-38
Author(s):  
J. Hers

In South Africa the modern outlook towards time may be said to have started in 1948. Both the two major observatories, The Royal Observatory in Cape Town and the Union Observatory (now known as the Republic Observatory) in Johannesburg had, of course, been involved in the astronomical determination of time almost from their inception, and the Johannesburg Observatory has been responsible for the official time of South Africa since 1908. However the pendulum clocks then in use could not be relied on to provide an accuracy better than about 1/10 second, which was of the same order as that of the astronomical observations. It is doubtful if much use was made of even this limited accuracy outside the two observatories, and although there may – occasionally have been a demand for more accurate time, it was certainly not voiced.


Author(s):  
J. Frank ◽  
P.-Y. Sizaret ◽  
A. Verschoor ◽  
J. Lamy

The accuracy with which the attachment site of immunolabels bound to macromolecules may be localized in electron microscopic images can be considerably improved by using single particle averaging. The example studied in this work showed that the accuracy may be better than the resolution limit imposed by negative staining (∽2nm).The structure used for this demonstration was a halfmolecule of Limulus polyphemus (LP) hemocyanin, consisting of 24 subunits grouped into four hexamers. The top view of this structure was previously studied by image averaging and correspondence analysis. It was found to vary according to the flip or flop position of the molecule, and to the stain imbalance between diagonally opposed hexamers (“rocking effect”). These findings have recently been incorporated into a model of the full 8 × 6 molecule.LP hemocyanin contains eight different polypeptides, and antibodies specific for one, LP II, were used. Uranyl acetate was used as stain. A total of 58 molecule images (29 unlabelled, 29 labelled with antl-LPII Fab) showing the top view were digitized in the microdensitometer with a sampling distance of 50μ corresponding to 6.25nm.


Author(s):  
A. V. Crewe

We have become accustomed to differentiating between the scanning microscope and the conventional transmission microscope according to the resolving power which the two instruments offer. The conventional microscope is capable of a point resolution of a few angstroms and line resolutions of periodic objects of about 1Å. On the other hand, the scanning microscope, in its normal form, is not ordinarily capable of a point resolution better than 100Å. Upon examining reasons for the 100Å limitation, it becomes clear that this is based more on tradition than reason, and in particular, it is a condition imposed upon the microscope by adherence to thermal sources of electrons.


Author(s):  
Li Li-Sheng ◽  
L.F. Allard ◽  
W.C. Bigelow

The aromatic polyamides form a class of fibers having mechanical properties which are much better than those of aliphatic polyamides. Currently, the accepted morphology of these fibers as proposed by M.G. Dobb, et al. is a radial arrangement of pleated sheets, with the plane of the pleats parallel to the axis of the fiber. We have recently obtained evidence which supports a different morphology of this type of fiber, using ultramicrotomy and ion-thinning techniques to prepare specimens for transmission and scanning electron microscopy.


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