The challenges of integrating publishers’, book trade and library information organizations in the Republic of Uzbekistan

The libraries being the state organizations are funded by the government and are limited in their resources. Therefore, despite the fact that the book market today is crowded with document resources, the libraries and information organization cannot afford purchasing all the publications they need. Their activities are regulated through norms and laws that provide both for competitive and single-source procurement. Mandatory copies alone are insufficient for collection development, and the library and information organizations have to find additional collection development sources through integration with publishers and bookselling organizations. Price lists, publishers’ and bookstores’ websites make the main source of information. Information technologies and computer systems enable to analyze whether the purchased publications are demanded by the users. The libraries have to provide for communicate between user services, acquisition department and the users. The team effort to draw acquisition lists enables to get the quality collection. The author examines the problems of integration of library and information organizations with publishers and booksellers as the case study of A. Navoi National Library of the Republic of Uzbekistan and State Scientific Medical library of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

Gender Awareness and Women Managers in Tourism

The purpose of this chapter is to reveal women top-level managers' gender awareness in relation to two aspects: 1) perceptions of discrimination and 2) views of what could be done towards gender equality (by the state, organizations, and women themselves), so that more women can advance their careers. Women top-level managers in the Portuguese tourism sector were interviewed. The interview data suggests that discrimination might still be pervasive in the Portuguese tourism industry. However, many women do not perceive it as “real” discrimination and have contradictory discourses about it. Informants were also asked what could be done so that more women advance in their careers. They place the solution to the problem of gender equality mostly in women's hands. While some of the strategies proposed by women confront the gender order, others align with the status quo by ensuring that women “fit in” without challenging existing structures.

Ethical Principles in Personal Protective Equipment Inventory Management Decisions and Partnerships Across State Lines During the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic created unprecedented strain on the personal protective equipment (PPE) supply chain. Given the dearth of PPE and consequences for transmission, GetMePPE Chicago (GMPC) developed a PPE allocation framework and system, distributing 886 900 units to 274 institutions from March 2020 to July 2021 to address PPE needs. As the pandemic evolved, GMPC made difficult decisions about (1) building reserve inventory (to balance present and future, potentially higher clinical acuity, needs), (2) donating to other states/out-of-state organizations, and (3) receiving donations from other states. In this case study, we detail both GMPC’s experience in making these decisions and the ethical frameworks that guided these decisions. We also reflect on lessons learned and suggest which values may have been in conflict (eg, maximizing benefits vs duty to mission, defined in the context of PPE allocation) in each circumstance, which values were prioritized, and when that prioritization would change. Such guidance can promote a values-based approach to key issues concerning distribution of PPE and other scarce medical resources in response to the COVID-19 pandemic and related future pandemics.

Governance failure and the formation of Anti-State Organisations: The Impact of the Amnesty Policy on the Development of Nigeria’s Niger-Delta, Nigeria

The Amnesty policy was devised by the Nigerian government to take-off militants from attacking oil pipelines in Niger-Delta. This was with the view to promoting development in the region. While studies have examined the influence of the Amnesty policy on the empowerment of repentant militants, little is known about how governance failure in the implementation of the policy provokes the formation of anti-state organizations and its contributions to development in the region. This research addresses this gap by examining the role of the Nigerian government in the implementation of the amnesty policy, and identify, if any, failure in the implementation of the policy, provokes the resurgence of anti-state organizations in the region. The study used a qualitative research design and findings indicated that the formation of the Niger-Delta Avengers; an anti-state organisation, was due to the government's inaction to effectively implement the amnesty policy as expected. Furthermore, results showed that the Nigerian government was more interested in protecting its oil pipelines and wells than the development of the area. The paper concludes that the Amnesty policy is a conduit pipe for corruption by successive representatives of Nigerian government.

Of a titan, winds and power: Transnational development of the icebreaker, 1890-1954

Icebreakers have traditionally been seen as symbols of technological nationalism. While ship science for open-water vessels developed during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, understanding of how to cope with polar and subarctic ice conditions lagged behind. This led state organizations in charge of icebreaking services to minimize risks in the development of new vessels by encouraging transnational expert cooperation. This article argues that such interactions were critical to the evolution of the modern icebreaker. We examine the development of three icebreakers in different countries in successive decades, and the critical technologies with which they are associated: the Ymer from Sweden and diesel–electric propulsion (1933); the American ‘Wind’ class and power-hull proportion (1942–1946); and the Voima from Finland and twin bow propellers (1956). We reconstruct the flow of information to explain the rationale for transnational cooperation in maritime technology development. The concept of ‘technology carriers’ is deployed in the analysis to enhance understanding of the role of international cooperation in polar and winter seafaring.

Development of irrigation based on various business payment systems

As the result of the changes that took place in the Russian economy in the 90s, interfarm reclamation systems remained in state ownership, and reclamation lands and intra-farm irrigation systems were transferred to private ownership. For fixed assets managed by budget organizations that pump water for irrigation, depreciation deductions are not provided by the current legislation, and state subsidies cover only a small part of the necessary restoration work. The study uses international practices in the field of paid water use in irrigated agriculture, the regulatory and methodological framework adopted on the territory of the Russian Federation, data received from regional state organizations for land reclamation and agriculture, materials, data from Russian Federal State Statistics Service and the Ministry of Agriculture of the Russian Federation, the work of Russian and foreign scientists and practitioners. The article explains the pricing of water supply for irrigation, creation of funds (financial resources) in the accounts of plumbing organizations to update their fixed assets, upgrading irrigation systems, having the physical deterioration of more than 70%.

Analysis of the use of the electronic document management system in federal executive authorities

The electronic document management system is one of the most popular products for implementation at various enterprises in various industries, ranging from heavy industry to state organizations and federal authorities. Document flow in many companies is carried out on paper, and this, in turn, causes great difficulties in processing, storing and executing documents. Paper archives occupy hundreds of square meters of storage space, and if necessary, it is very difficult to find the right document among a large amount of waste paper. In this regard, many companies begin to review their activities and move away from paper document management to electronic

THE NEW KINGDOM OF EGYPT AND THE EARLY STATE ORGANIZATIONS OF THE ARMENIAN HIGHLAND IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE II MILLENNIUM BC (BASED ON HISTORICAL SOURCES AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL EVIDENCE)

The Ancient Near Eastern powerful states in the mid II millennium BC were not only directing and supervising the military-political, trading-economic, and sociocultural processes, but were also trying to obtain their dominance and control in the region. This was the reason that two conflicting groups gradually polarized in the region, where each state, despite its interests concerning the redistribution of spheres of influence in the ancient Near East, had to ally a more convenient political formation, given the current political situation and its capacities. As a result, the Hittite New Kingdom, Arzawa and Wilusa appeared to be in one of the groups, and the New Kingdom of Egypt, Kassite Babylonia and Mitanni were in the other one. The inter-state relations of these powers included both military-political and diplomatic rivalry, and a controlled system of well-organized transit trading and cultural relations. At the same time, each of the groups sought to urge other small early state organizations and tribal unions of the region to get involved in the alliance, contributing to the realization of prospective political plans with their capacities of raw materials, production of specific items and human resources. This was the situation also with the part of the early state organization of the Armenian Highland. Meanwhile, both the written sources and the archaeological excavations in general, testify the anti-Hittite orientation of the early state organizations of the Armenian Highland and their tending towards Egypt-Mitanni-Kassite Babylonia alliance.

CONTROL AS A TYPE OF STATE-MANAGEMENT ACTIVITY. THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE CONCEPTS OF "CONTROL" AND "SUPERVISION"

The authors investigate the purposes of state control and compare its external and internal aspects.The legal aspects of the correlation of the terms "control" and "supervision" are also analyzed. Examples of control are given (the controlling functions of state organizations, for example, the controlling functions of the Ministry of Employment and Labor Relations of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the controlling functions of the Ministry of Finance of the Republic of Uzbekistan, etc.), as well as the disclosure of such concepts as supervision and the state body authorized to oversee the activities of other state organizations, including law enforcement agencies. At the same time, a comparative table is provided, which reflects (provides a list of) state organizations (institutions) that have the authority in accordance with legislative acts to perform controlling functions, and at the same time, the supervisory department is also given along with the disclosure of concepts for its supervisory activities. Also, the final part of this article contains proposals for improving the activities of control and supervisory departments in the Republic of Uzbekistan, as well as examples of the practice of the countries of the Commonwealth of Independent States, such as the Russian Federation and the Republic of Belarus

Peculiarities of the Public Administration System in the Russian Federation and Its Impact on the Development of Administrative Law

The introduction of the terms “public power”, “public administration bodies” in official documents marked the beginning of the resumption of discussions on the peculiarities of legal relations that are included in the subject of the legal regulation of administrative law. The work attempts to analyze the terms “public authorities” and “public administration bodies”, their relationship with each other. In the Russian Federation, a specific system of government with decentralization elements has begun to take shape. Such a system includes, in addition to traditional state authorities, specially created state bodies that are entrusted with the functions of organization and coordination, public authorities in federal territories, state and non-state organizations that are delegated public power.