The Naturalistic Theories of Leopoldo Alas

PMLA ◽  
1942 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 536-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
William E. Bull
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Emile Zola ◽  
Leopoldo Alas ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
The Creation

One of the most interesting chapters in the literary career of Leopoldo Alas (Clarín) deals with his advocacy of naturalism and the creation and defense of his most famous original work, La Regenta. Early in his literary life Alas placed himself in the forefront of the Spanish followers of Emile Zola and for many years was one of the most vigorous advocates of naturalism in Spain. He came to the movement with abundant enthusiasm, defended it in many fiery polemics, but maintained throughout his life very definite reservations which reveal a Leopoldo Alas scarcely ever recognized by his contemporaries.

Singular Terms, Identity, and the Creation of Fictional Characters

Disputatio ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (54) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Matthieu Fontaine
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Proper Names ◽  
Fictional Characters ◽  
Inference Rules ◽  
Singular Terms ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Abstract Artifacts

Abstract How to interpret singular terms in fiction? In this paper, we address this semantic question from the perspective of the Artifactual Theory of Fiction (ATF). According to the ATF, fictional characters exist as abstract artifacts created by their author, and preserved through the existence of copies of an original work and a competent readership. We pretend that a well-suited semantics for the ATF can be defined with respect to a modal framework by means of Hintikka’s world lines semantics. The question of the interpretation of proper names is asked in relation to two inference rules, problematic when applied in intensional contexts: the Substitution of Identicals and Existential Generalization. The former fails because identity is contingent. The latter because proper names are not necessarily linked to well-identified individuals. This motivates a non-rigid interpretation of proper names in fiction, although cross-fictional reference (e.g. to real entities) is made possible by the interpretative efforts of the reader.

Scope Limitations

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-111
Author(s):  
Stavroula Karapapa
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Copyright Protection ◽  
Original Work ◽  
Innovative Activity ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Digital Goods ◽  
Court Of Justice ◽  
New Public ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Practical Sense

Copyright is not infringed in instances where the defendant’s activity falls outside the scope of exclusive rights. This is likely to be the case when the factual background of an alleged infringement does not meet the statutory prerequisites of a restricted act, for instance, when taking from an original work has not been such to amount to an act reserved by copyright, and hence falls beyond the scope of exclusive rights. As the Court of Justice of the European Union has affirmed in numerous cases, copyright protection is not absolute and exclusive rights are subject to a variety of internal limits that can serve as the basis of defensive claims in a practical sense. For instance, the court has indicated that exclusive rights are subject to internal scope limitations, some of which are relevant in the context of new technological uses. Hyperlinks, for example, do not infringe copyright when they are not addressed to a ‘new’ public, namely an audience that the rightsholders did not have in mind while making the work available online. Another example is the exhaustion principle, according to which the first authorized sale of content exhausts the authorial entitlement to further distributions. This principle is available in the online context only in relation to the resale of software, and this hinders innovative activity through the creation of electronic marketplaces for digital goods. Subject to examination in this chapter are the statutory and doctrinal limitations that inherently limit the scope of rights and remain outside the spectrum of proprietary entitlements.

scholarly journals Avaliação da usabilidade do CalcTouch: Sistema de Calculadora Inteligente para Dispositivos Móveis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
George Rocha ◽  
Carla Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
Porto Alegre ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Commercial Use ◽  
The Creation

Durante muito tempo acreditou-se que o uso de calculadoras em sala de aula tornaria o aprendizado de matemática menos eficiente, com o argumento de que a calculadora pensaria pelo aluno. Essa concepção vem mudando, e essa mudança pode ser observada com o surgimento de sistemas computacionais e aplicativos móveis que têm o intuito de apoiar estudantes no aprendizado de conteúdos da área de exatas [2][4][6]. Tradicionalmente aplicativos voltados às ciências exatas possuem, cada um, ferramentas exclusivas que contemplam uma parcela dessa área, não sendo encontrados, até o momento, todos os recursos necessários reunidos em uma só aplicação. Com base nessa problemática, e na visão de especialistas da área de tecnologias aplicada à educação sobre o potencial dos recursos e ferramentas digitais como auxílio no aprendizado de estudantes da matemática e afins [1][7], foi desenvolvido um protótipo de aplicativo, denominado CalcTouch, que simula uma calculadora inteligente. O CalcTouch reúne em um único sistema algumas ferramentas encontradas em outros aplicativos e conta com alguns acessórios não encontrados, até o momento, em outras aplicações. Para avaliar a usabilidade do protótipo do aplicativo foi realizada uma inspeção, com base no checklist de heurísticas definidas para avaliação da usabilidade de aplicativos para celulares touchscreen MATCH checklist [3]. 1∗Permission to reproduce or distribute, in whole or in part, material extracted from this work, verbatim, adapted or remixed, as well as the creation or production from the content of such work, is granted without fee for non-commercial use, provided that the original work is properly credited. IHC 2019 - TRILHA PÔSTERES E DEMONSTRAÇÕES, Outubro 21–25, 2019, Vitória, Brasil. In Anais Estendidos do XVIII Simpósio Brasileiro sobre Fatores Humanos em Sistemas Computacionais. Porto Alegre: SBC. © 2019 by the author(s), in accordance with the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International Public License (CC BY-NC 4.0 Os resultados apontam que o CalcTouch possui um grau elevado de usabilidade no que diz respeito à correspondência com o mundo real; consistência e padrões; flexibilidade e eficiência de uso; estética e design minimalista; interação física e ergonomia e; de legibilidade e layout. Entretanto, ainda necessita de ajustes nos elementos relacionados à visibilidade do status do sistema e de liberdade e controle do usuário.

scholarly journals Lyrical Works of Elise Mercer: Toward a Typology of Poets of French Romanticism

2021 ◽  
pp. 244-258
Author(s):  
V. I. Pinkovsky
Keyword(s):  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Creative Abilities ◽  
The One ◽  
Moderate Complexity ◽  
French Romanticism

As part of the development of the typology of the authors of French romanticism, the creative type represented by the French poetess Élisa Mercœur is determined (Élisa Mercœur, 1809—1835). The relevance of the work is due to the fact that the creation of a typology is a way both to streamline the studied material and to explore new, operating not with a disparate set of facts and subjective opinions, but with generalized conventional concepts. It is noted that the materials about Élisa Mercœur are currently in a state that requires such a typological design. As a result of the study, it was established that the poet, on the one hand, belongs to the category of writers whose biographies are mythologized in a romantic spirit. On the other hand, it is shown that she belongs to a rather numerous category of romantic writers who have creative abilities in the absence of a vivid originality and therefore are intended to popularize the achievements of outstanding authors, practically creating a “language of direction”, but nevertheless developing their own themes (mostly related to the privacy of authors). A typology of creative models of romantic lyrics is proposed in the article; one of the models that combines the authenticity of feelings and moderate complexity of the language of expression is the original work of Élisa Mercœur. 

scholarly journals The Story of a Drawing from Chukokkala Miscellany

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Larisa N. Anpilova
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Public Figure ◽  
Biographical Information ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Literary Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Circle Of Friends ◽  
The Creation

A novel detailed analysis of a page from Chukokkala , Korney Chukovsky's handwritten miscellany with drawings by Yuri Annenkov, dated March 1923, is given. Involvement of archival sources makes up the history of the drawing creation. It turns out that Annenkov worked at the page of the miscellany and the portrait of Leo Trotsky at the same time. The analysis of the stylistic features of the drawing reconstructs the elements of the literary life of the 1920s. The study of the depicted persons clarifies the circle of friends and associates of prominent cultural figures of the first post-revolutionary decade. The article provides little-known biographical information about the characters depicted in the drawing. It specifies how Annenkov met Gorky's closest associate, the prominent public figure Albert Pinkevich. The author highlights little-known facts of friendship of A. Pinkevich, Boris Pilnyak, a Soviet writer, and the avant-garde artist Boris Shaposhnikov. The history of the creation of graphic portraits of Soviet writers made by Annenkov is considered. In conclusion, the page of the handwritten miscellany, and Chukokkala as a whole, are presented as a unique monument that captures the living passage of time.

Sadwēs and Pēsūs

1951 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 907-915 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Subject Matter ◽  
Original Work ◽  
The Other ◽  
Previous Knowledge ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Formed Part ◽  
Middle Persian ◽  
The University

Photographs of unpublished Parthian and Sogdian manuscripts were taken recently in Berlin by Captain J. A. Dabbs, of the University of Austin, Texas, and sent by him to Professor Henning, who kindly allowed me to look through the Parthian material at once. One fragment, M 741, proved to be of considerable interest. It contains portions of two hymns, which are alphabetic and may therefore be presumed to be original work in Parthian. The device of beginning every verse with a letter of the alphabet limits each hymn to some twenty-four verses; but in this case the two hymns are connected in their subject-matter and possibly formed part of a sequence. Several hymn-cycles have been identified in Parthian and Middle Persian, but the alphabetic device is not used in any of them. The hymns in M 741 have as their subject two myths of the creation, following chronologically one upon the other. The narrative would be difficult to follow, however, without some previous knowledge of the mythology, for the handling is poetic and allusive. Words and phrases occur which can be found in other similar texts, having been taken presumably from the prose scriptures which were the authority for all later renderings of the Manichsean myths. The author could assume a general familiarity with these scriptures, and so allow himself some freedom in his retelling of the stories.The first hymn, which contains a new Parthian name for a divinity, has for its subject the seduction of the Archontes and the descent of active evil to the earth.

The role of affect in feelings of obligation

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefen Beeler-Duden ◽  
Meltem Yucel ◽  
Amrisha Vaish
Keyword(s):  
Positive Emotions ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Sense Of Obligation

Abstract Tomasello offers a compelling account of the emergence of humans’ sense of obligation. We suggest that more needs to be said about the role of affect in the creation of obligations. We also argue that positive emotions such as gratitude evolved to encourage individuals to fulfill cooperative obligations without the negative quality that Tomasello proposes is inherent in obligations.

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