Global Scale Macroecology: Interactions between Population Size, Geographic Range Size and Body Size in the Anseriformes

10.2307/5669 ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 65 (6) ◽  
pp. 701 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin J. Gaston ◽  
Tim M. Blackburn
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Occupancy, range size, and phylogeny in Eurasian Pliocene to Recent large mammals

Paleobiology ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 399-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Carotenuto ◽  
Carmela Barbera ◽  
Pasquale Raia
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Phylogenetic Signal ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
Western Eurasia ◽  
Species Occupancy

Temporal patterns in species occupancy and geographic range size are a major topic in evolutionary ecology research. Here we investigate these patterns in Pliocene to Recent large mammal species and genera in Western Eurasia. By using an extensively sampled fossil record including some 700 fossil localities, we found occupancy and range size trajectories over time to be predominantly peaked among both species and genera, meaning that occupancy and range size reached their maxima midway along taxon existence. These metrics are strongly correlated with each other and to body size, after phylogeny is accounted for by using two different phylogenetic topologies for both species and genera. Phylogenetic signal is strong in body size, and weaker but significant in both occupancy and range size mean values among genera, indicating that these variables are heritable. The intensity of phylogenetic signal is much weaker and often not significant at the species level. This suggests that within genera, occupancy and range size are somewhat variable. However, sister taxa inherit geographic position (the center of their geographic distribution). Taken together, the latter two results indicate that sister species occupy similar positions on the earth's surface, and that the expansion of the geographic range during the existence of a given genus is driven by range expansion of one or more of the species it includes, rather than simply being the summation of these species ranges.

scholarly journals Of mice and wrens: the relation between abundance and geographic range size in British mammals and birds

1997 ◽  
Vol 352 (1352) ◽  
pp. 419-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. M. Blackburn ◽  
K. J. Gaston ◽  
R. M. Quinn ◽  
H. Arnold ◽  
R. D. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Comparative Method ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Geographic Ranges ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Size Relation

We examine the relation between population size and geographic range size for British breeding birds and mammals. As for most other assemblages studied, a strong positive interspecific correlation is found in both taxa. The relation is also recovered once the phylogenetic relatedness of species has been controlled for using an evolutionary comparative method. The slope of the relation is steeper for birds than for mammals, but this is due in large part to two species of mammals that have much higher population sizes than expected from their small geographic ranges. These outlying mammal species are the only ones in Britain to be found only on small offshore islands, and so may be exhibiting density compensation effects. With them excluded, the slope of the abundance–range size relation for mammals is not significantly different to that for birds. However, the elevation of the relation is higher for mammals than for birds, indicating that mammals are approximately 30 times more abundant than birds of equivalent geographic range size. An earlier study of these assemblages showed that, for a given body mass, bats had abundances more similar to birds than to non–volant mammals, suggesting that the difference in abundance between mammals and birds might be due to constraints of flight. Our analyses show that the abundance–range size relation for bats is not different for that from other mammals, and that the anomalously low abundance of bats for their body mass may result because they have smaller than expected geographic extents for their size. Other reasons why birds and mammals might have different elevations for the relation between population size and geographic range size are discussed, together with possible reasons for why the slopes of these relations might be similar.

scholarly journals Comparing Genetic Diversity in Three Threatened Oaks

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 561
Author(s):  
Emma Suzuki Spence ◽  
Jeremie B. Fant ◽  
Oliver Gailing ◽  
M. Patrick Griffith ◽  
Kayri Havens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Population Size ◽  
Rare Species ◽  
Genetic Erosion ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Botanic Gardens ◽  
Geographic Range Size

Genetic diversity is a critical resource for species’ survival during times of environmental change. Conserving and sustainably managing genetic diversity requires understanding the distribution and amount of genetic diversity (in situ and ex situ) across multiple species. This paper focuses on three emblematic and IUCN Red List threatened oaks (Quercus, Fagaceae), a highly speciose tree genus that contains numerous rare species and poses challenges for ex situ conservation. We compare the genetic diversity of three rare oak species—Quercus georgiana, Q. oglethorpensis, and Q. boyntonii—to common oaks; investigate the correlation of range size, population size, and the abiotic environment with genetic diversity within and among populations in situ; and test how well genetic diversity preserved in botanic gardens correlates with geographic range size. Our main findings are: (1) these three rare species generally have lower genetic diversity than more abundant oaks; (2) in some cases, small population size and geographic range correlate with genetic diversity and differentiation; and (3) genetic diversity currently protected in botanic gardens is inadequately predicted by geographic range size and number of samples preserved, suggesting non-random sampling of populations for conservation collections. Our results highlight that most populations of these three rare oaks have managed to avoid severe genetic erosion, but their small size will likely necessitate genetic management going forward.

Interspecific geographic range size-body size relationship and the diversification dynamics of Neotropical furnariid birds

Evolution ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 72 (5) ◽  
pp. 1124-1133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oscar Inostroza-Michael ◽  
Cristián E. Hernández ◽  
Enrique Rodríguez-Serrano ◽  
Jorge Avaria-Llautureo ◽  
Marcelo M. Rivadeneira
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Size Relationship ◽  
Geographic Range Size

scholarly journals Why do bugs perish? Range size and local vulnerability traits as surrogates of Odonata extinction risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 287 (1924) ◽  
pp. 20192645 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maya Rocha-Ortega ◽  
Pilar Rodríguez ◽  
Jason Bried ◽  
John Abbott ◽  
Alex Córdoba-Aguilar
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Extinction Risk ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Geographic Range ◽  
Range Size ◽  
Volcanic System ◽  
Thermal Limits ◽  
Geographic Range Size ◽  
Insect Decline ◽  
Local Extirpation

Despite claims of an insect decline worldwide, our understanding of extinction risk in insects is incomplete. Using bionomic data of all odonate (603 dragonflies and damselflies) North American species, we assessed (i) regional extinction risk and whether this is related to local extirpation; (ii) whether these two patterns are similar altitudinally and latitudinally; and (iii) the areas of conservation concern. We used geographic range size as a predictor of regional extinction risk and body size, thermal limits and habitat association as predictors of local extirpation. We found that (i) greater regional extinction risk is related to narrow thermal limits, lotic habitat use and large body size (this in damselflies but not dragonflies); (ii) southern species are more climate tolerant but with more limited geographic range size than northern species; and (iii) two priority areas for odonate conservation are the cold temperate to sub-boreal northeastern USA and the transversal neo-volcanic system. Our approach can be used to estimate insect extinction risk as it compensates for the lack of abundance data.

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