SOCIAL SANCTIONS IN CLASSICAL ATHENS

Abstract With a linear public goods game played in six different variants, this article studies two channels that might moderate social dilemmas and increase cooperation without using pecuniary incentives: moral framing and shaming. We find that cooperation is increased when noncontributing to a public good is framed as morally debatable and socially harmful tax avoidance, while the mere description of a tax context has no effect. However, without social sanctions in place, cooperation quickly deteriorates due to social contagion. We find ‘shaming’ free-riders by disclosing their misdemeanor to act as a strong social sanction, irrespective of the context in which it is applied. Moralizing tax avoidance significantly reinforces shaming, compared with a simple tax context.

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Women are more likely to expect social sanctions for open defecation: Evidence from Tamil Nadu India

10.31234/osf.io/edgu4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Jinyi Kuang ◽

Sania Ashraf ◽

Alex Shpenev ◽

Maryann G. Delea ◽

Upasak Das ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Perceived Risk ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Tamil Nadu ◽

Community Members ◽

Open Defecation ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Peer Monitoring ◽

Social Sanctions ◽

Field Evidence ◽

Desirable Behavior

Social sanctions can be effective for sustaining beneficial norms by harnessing the power of social pressure and peer monitoring. Yet, field evidence regarding how norms might be linked to perceived risk of sanction is limited. In this study, we focused on communities located in peri-urban areas of Tamil Nadu, India, and examined how people’s perceived prevalence of a socially desirable behavior (i.e., toilet use) relates to the perceived risk of sanctions for deviating from this behavior (i.e., open defecation) in the sanitation domain. Cross-sectional data from 2427 participants in 75 communities revealed that the majority (77%, n = 1861) perceived the risk of informal sanctions related to open defecation. Among those, verbal reprimand was the most common (60%), followed by advice (30%) and gossip (7%). Results from multilevel logistic regression indicated that those who believed toilet use was prevalent in their community were more likely to perceive the risk of social sanctions for open defecation. Moderation analysis revealed that this relationship was robust among women, but attenuated among men. Our findings suggest that women are more likely to expect social sanctions if they deviate from what is perceived as the prevalent sanitation behavior (e.g., toilet use) in their community. Open defecation practices are known to cause psychosocial stress among women due to their experiences with sanitation insecurity, which may include fear of disapproval from community members. Our results highlight the need for gendered intervention strategies when sanitation programs leverage social influence for behavior change.

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Customary Law in An Effort to Implement Social Sanctions in The Midst of The Era of Globalization

Proceedings of The International Conference on Environmental and Technology of Law, Business and Education on Post Covid 19, ICETLAWBE 2020, 26 September 2020, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia ◽

10.4108/eai.26-9-2020.2302622 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Husni Mubaroq

Keyword(s):

Customary Law ◽

Social Sanctions

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Is Rule of Law an Equilibrium Without (Some) Private Enforcement?

Privatization ◽

10.18574/nyu/9781479842933.003.0011 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 246-275

Author(s):

Gillian K. Hadfield ◽

Barry R. Weingast

Keyword(s):

Recent Work ◽

Rule Of Law ◽

Legal System ◽

Use Of Force ◽

Private Enforcement ◽

Voluntary Participation ◽

The Rule Of Law ◽

Social Sanctions ◽

Enforcement Authority ◽

Social Orders

This chapter argue against the presumptive priority of government even in the domain of law: in recent work, the authors have developed a framework for analyzing law in which they suggest that the main distinction between legal and other social orders is the presence of an entity capable of changing rules. But an equilibrium in which these rules generate compliance does not require a centralized enforcement authority; indeed, the authors argue that fully centralized enforcement is in fact incapable of sustaining an equilibrium characterized by rule of law. Rather, the need to coordinate and incentivize voluntary participation under decentralized enforcement yields the normatively attractive legal attributes associated with the rule of law, and the authors draw on classical Athens to illustrate this model. On their account, private enforcement – in the sense of social sanctions and exclusion, limited use of force, and cooperation with authorized enforcers – are essential for a legal system to achieve the rule of law..

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Are Social Marketing Investments Used as a Tool for Voluntary Reporting or Disclosure?

Advances in Marketing, Customer Relationship Management, and E-Services - Advanced Methodologies and Technologies in Digital Marketing and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.4018/978-1-5225-7766-9.ch046 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 597-609

Author(s):

Tugba Ucma Uysal ◽

Ganite Kurt ◽

Ali Naci Karabulut

Keyword(s):

Social Marketing ◽

Sustainability Reporting ◽

Business Practices ◽

Behavioral Patterns ◽

Global Level ◽

Voluntary Reporting ◽

Process Of Change ◽

Social Sanctions ◽

Per Se ◽

Marketing Investments

The need to respond to a number of issues that are experienced due to increasing population at the global level and volume of production have resulted in the development of new corporate behavioral patterns of enterprises. It is possible to say that the process of change in question constitutes new milestones both in terms of reporting and marketing. The chapter emphasizes a social marketing and sustainability reporting that includes social sanctions per se which are based on voluntariness and which are being applied by enterprises to express themselves within the scope of daily business practices, and exemplifying cases are being presented regarding the utilization of social marketing investments of organizations in terms of voluntary reporting and disclosure.

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Social Control: Law and Social Sanctions

Other Cultures ◽

10.4324/9780203985069-17 ◽

2005 ◽

pp. 175-192

Keyword(s):

Social Control ◽

Control Law ◽

Social Sanctions

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Social Stigma and Perinatal Substance Use Services: Recognizing the Power of the Good Mother Ideal

Contemporary Drug Problems ◽

10.1177/0091450920969200 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009145092096920

Author(s):

Tracy R. Nichols ◽

Amber Welborn ◽

Meredith R. Gringle ◽

Amy Lee

Keyword(s):

Substance Use ◽

Service Providers ◽

Social Stigma ◽

Cultural Norms ◽

Social Sanctions ◽

Substance Use Services ◽

Stigmatizing Attitudes ◽

Using Data ◽

The Continuum

People who are diagnosed with a substance use disorder can experience stigmatizing interactions with health and social service providers, which may decrease both quality and continuity of care. For women with a substance-exposed pregnancy (SEP), this stigma can increase exponentially. Stigmatizing interactions can be difficult to identify due to social sanctions against expressing stigmatizing attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors and because stigma often resides in accepted cultural norms. Examining discourses around care provision can serve to identify instances of social stigma as well as illuminate the cultural norms in which they are embedded. Using data from a seven-year grounded theory study on perinatal substance use service provision, this paper reports on the perceptions and experiences of service providers working with mothers who have an SEP and illustrates complexities behind stigmatizing patient-provider interactions. Data collected included observations at meetings, workshops, and conferences addressing best practices across the continuum of care for perinatal substance use as well as interviews and focus groups with providers. The construct of “good mothering,” or hegemonic motherhood, was identified as an important cultural norm that supported social stigma and was embedded in providers’ interactions with mothers with an SEP. Discursive elements found in providers’ descriptions of perinatal substance use service work are presented and highlight the role of hegemonic motherhood as a stigmatizing agent.

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