Common Contractions of Verb Forms; A Note on the Remaining Irregular Verbs (Ossa Encounters 39, 82)

2021 ◽  
pp. 330-340
Keyword(s):  
Verb Forms ◽  
Irregular Verbs

scholarly journals The acquisition of verb morphology by a group of spanish monolingual children

2016 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Luz Marina Vásquez
Keyword(s):  
Native Speakers ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Verb Morphology ◽  
Number Agreement ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Irregular Verbs

Spanish has a rich verb inflectional system with up to 53 inflectional verb forms distributed between regular and irregular verbs and in which roots are always bound, as verbs must contain markings for person, tense/aspect, and number. The acquisition of verb morphology by native speakers reportedly reflects this complexity in that children produce multiple non-target-like forms wherein tense, person, and number errors are found. This study reports all verb forms identified in the spontaneous speech by a group of 15 native Spanish-speaking children ages 3;6 to 5;6. The analysis of all 233 verb forms analyzed revealed some pronunciation errors, number agreement errors, errors in the use of clitic pronouns, and incorrect use of person and tense agreement.  The majority of non-target-like forms identified consisted of regularization of verb forms wherein regular conjugation morphemes were attached to irregular verbs. A few –ar type verbs additionally showed ir-regularization of regular verbs, as children used conjugations which apply to irregular verbs with regular verbs.  

(Ir)regularity of verbs revisited

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-52
Author(s):  
Helena Trompelt ◽  
Denisa Bordag ◽  
Thomas Pechmann
Keyword(s):  
Congruency Effect ◽  
Critical Conditions ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Interference Experiment ◽  
Selection Processes ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Irregular Verbs ◽  
Naming Latencies

In three experiments we explored the representation and encoding of verb regularity. Contrasting articulation latencies of present and past regular and irregular forms from paradigms consisting of regular, irregular, or hybrid verbs (regular in present, but irregular in past tense), allowed us to differentiate between affixation and stem selection processes. The analyses revealed that regular verbs in the present and past tense were produced significantly faster than all other forms. Crucially, the naming latencies of hybrid and irregular verbs did not differ from each other in both tenses. We conclude that regularity is not a property of individual verb forms, but generalizes to all forms within a paradigm. In a third, picture word interference experiment, we tested whether regularity, when not bound to individual verb forms, is represented in the form of abstract regularity nodes, as assumed for gender or conjugational class. However, the critical conditions did not exhibit the expected congruency effect. Consequently we conclude that the paradigmatic effects could be explained as a result of the complexity of lexical entries. The retrieval of a complex entry (irregular and hybrid verbs) takes longer than the retrieval of a single stem entry (regular verbs).

Children's Development of Irregular Past Tense Verb Forms

1991 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth G. Shipley ◽  
Mary A. Maddox ◽  
Joyce E. Driver
Keyword(s):  
Sentence Completion ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
Clinical Implications ◽  
School Age ◽  
Developmental Sequence ◽  
Completion Task ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Irregular Verbs ◽  
Children's Development ◽  
Children’S Development

In Brown’s (1973) classic studies of language development, he found that irregular past tense verbs developed rather early in the developmental sequence. Several other researchers have also noted this early development of irregular verb forms. However, other researchers and clinicians have suggested that irregular verbs continue developing much later into the school-age years. The purpose of this study was to gain a preliminary view of children’s development of 49 irregular verbs. One hundred and twenty children between 3:0 and 9:0 were examined as they responded to a picture of the target verb with a sentence-completion task. It was found that some irregular verbs (e.g., hit) were correctly produced by the three year olds, but other irregulars (e.g., bent) were still not mastered by age 9. A preliminary order of development of the irregular verbs and possible clinical implications are offered.

Preverbation and narrativity in Lithuanian. The distribution of finite simplex and compound verbs in narrative main clauses

2010 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 167-192
Author(s):  
Lea Sawicki
Keyword(s):  
Narrative Text ◽  
Past Tense ◽  
The Past ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Compound Verbs ◽  
Finite Verb

The article deals with the use of simplex and compound (prefixed) verbs in narrative text. Main clauses comprising finite verb forms in the past and in the past habitual tense are examined in an attempt to establish to what extent simplex and compound verbs exhibit aspect oppositions, and whether a correlation exists between the occurrence of simplex vs. compound verbs and distinct textual units. The investigation shows that although simple and compound verbs in Lithuanian are not in direct aspect opposition to each other, in the background text portions most of the verbs are prefixless past tense forms or habitual forms, whereas in the plot-advancing text portions, the vast majority of verbs are compound verbs in the simple past tense.  

[discussion materials] A remark on the Salos glossing rules: Verb forms

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 177-188
Author(s):  
Aleksey Andronov
Keyword(s):  
Verb Forms

This remark addresses the article by Nicole Nau and Peter Arkadiev "Towards a standard of glossing Baltic languages: The Salos Glossing Rules" published in the 6th volume of Baltic Linguistics.

Lexical Semantics of Russian Verbs and Their Function of Action Fixation Using Perfect Forms

2019 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
Sergei A. Karpukhin
Keyword(s):  
Lexical Semantics ◽  
Russian Language ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Lexical Semantic ◽  
Objective Time ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
The Russian Language

This article describes the connection between perfect verb forms and the typical lexical meanings of generating imperfectives using the example of a prefix model in the Russian language. The research is based on a fundamentally new approach, i.e. the means of “fixing” action in the objective time. The relevance of combining the action and the situational background to the lexical-semantic groups of verbs is established. In the course of the research, the materials of the Bolshoi Akademichescky Slovar (Big Academic Dictionary) were used.

Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

Zum Augment neuägyptischer Verbalformen

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 139-164
Author(s):  
Carsten Peust
Keyword(s):  
Initial Position ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Verb Forms

“On the Augment of Late Egyptian Verb Forms” -- It is shown that the augment which is characteristic of certain nominal verb forms of Late Egyptian – and survives in a few traces up until Coptic – contains none of those vowels that were regularly admitted at the beginning of Egyptian words. Rather, it must continue a wordinternal vowel /ǝ/ that moved into the initial position by a misdivision of the proclitic definite article, which frequently preceded participles and relative forms in speech. The same vowel [ǝ] occurred as an epenthetic sound before the preposition ‹r› /r/ ~ [ǝr], from which only ǝ remained after its consonantal body got lost. These phonetic insights prove that the Late Egyptian augment cannot derive from the Old Egyptian augment, as has been contended, but is a genuine innovation of Late Egyptian. Finally, the rise of unetymological initial vowels in various other nouns such as ⲉϭⲱϣ (“Nubian”) and ⲉϩⲟⲟⲩ (Bohairic for “day”) is explained.

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