Features of optative modality in Macedonian language (with emphasis on the functionalities of independent da-construction)

2020 ◽  
pp. 301-323
Author(s):  
Natalya I. Kikilo ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Literary Language ◽  
Natural Context ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Verb Forms ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Ritual Context

In the Macedonian literary language the analytic da-construction used in an independent clause has a wide range of possible modal meanings, the most common of which are imperative and optative. The present article offers a detailed analysis of the semantics and functions of the Macedonian optative da-construction based on fiction and journalistic texts. The first part of the article deals with the specificities of the optative as a category which primarily considers the subject of a wish. In accordance with the semantic characteristics of this category, optative constructions are used in those discourse text types where the speakers are explicitly designated (the most natural context for the optative is the dialogue). The analysis of the Macedonian material includes instances of atypical usage of the optative da-construction, in which the wish of the subject is not apparent and thereby produces new emotional tonalities perceptible to the reader of a fiction/journalistic text. The study describes Macedonian constructions involving two different verb forms: 1) present tense form (da + praes) and 2) imperfective form (da + impf). These constructions formally designate the hypothetical and counterfactual status of the optative situation, respectively. Thus, the examples in the analysis are ordered according to two types of constructions, which reflect the speaker’s view on the probability of the realisation of his/her wish. Unrealistic wishes can be communicated through the present da-construction, while the imperfective construction denotes situations in which the wish can be realised in the future. The second part of the article is devoted to performative optative da-constructions, which express formulas of speech etiquette, wishes and curses. The analysis demonstrates that these constructions lose their magical functions, when used outside of the ritual context, and begin to function as interjections.

scholarly journals Spanish Renaissance High Culture in Soviet Historiography: Interdisciplinary Aspect

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 256
Author(s):  
Alexander A. Zaitsev ◽  
Natalia V. Antonova
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
High Culture ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Research Areas ◽  
Renaissance Studies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Interdisciplinary Interaction ◽  
Soviet Historiography

<p>The tradition of studying Spanish Renaissance in Russia is quite a complicated phenomenon, which requires a detailed analysis. The main questions which arise when referring to the issue are those of developmental patterns and interdisciplinary aspect of the letter. Spanish Renaissance culture is traditionally the subject to scrutiny for historians, philologists and art historians. The present article aims to outline a preliminary picture of interdisciplinary interaction, which gained momentum in the Soviet period of Russian Hispanism. Special attention is paid to the imminent figures of Spanish Renaissance historiography, as well as their ideas and concepts. The evolution of Spanish Renaissance studies is described against the background of the principal research areas. The present paper will be of interest to both intellectual historians and scholars investigating Renaissance and medieval history.</p>

scholarly journals The Needs for Developing Experiments on Reservoirs in Hantavirus Research: Accomplishments, Challenges and Promises for the Future

Viruses ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 664 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madrières ◽  
Castel ◽  
Murri ◽  
Vulin ◽  
Marianneau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Evolutionary Ecology ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Many ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
The Relationship

Due to their large geographic distribution and potential high mortality rates in human infections, hantaviruses constitute a worldwide threat to public health. As such, they have been the subject of a large array of clinical, virological and eco-evolutionary studies. Many experiments have been conducted in vitro or on animal models to identify the mechanisms leading to pathogenesis in humans and to develop treatments of hantavirus diseases. Experimental research has also been dedicated to the understanding of the relationship between hantaviruses and their reservoirs. However, these studies remain too scarce considering the diversity of hantavirus/reservoir pairs identified, and the wide range of issues that need to be addressed. In this review, we present a synthesis of the experimental studies that have been conducted on hantaviruses and their reservoirs. We aim at summarizing the knowledge gathered from this research, and to emphasize the gaps that need to be filled. Despite the many difficulties encountered to carry hantavirus experiments, we advocate for the need of such studies in the future, at the interface of evolutionary ecology and virology. They are critical to address emerging areas of research, including hantavirus evolution and the epidemiological consequences of individual variation in infection outcomes.

scholarly journals Creation of female image in Soviet cinematography of the early XX century

2020 ◽  
pp. 50-60
Author(s):  
Tatiana Eduardovna Gribakina
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
The State ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Female Image ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Creation

This article explores the creation of the image of a Soviet woman within the Soviet cinematography. The subject of this research is the female image formed by the Russian cinematography at certain stages and its dynamics. The author suggest understanding of the image of woman as a combination of sensible images, which include representations on the place, role, functions, traits that are potentially common to her, but are yet to be formed and realized. Detailed analysis of the films of the early XX century allows examining creation of the female image, the expectations, moods, perceptions of the future presented in the films, as well as tracing the correlation between semantic content and its visualization. Due to the fact that the image was designed gradually, the author considered the key social and political factors that affected its creation and found reflection within it. Special contribution of the author into the research of this topic consists in demonstration of a relatively holistic image of a Soviet woman in cinematography, which was comprise bit by bit and transformed, meeting the challenges, demands and needs of society and the state. &nbsp;

scholarly journals Pedagogical conditions for the formation of the future border guard officer professional culture: the use of dialogical teaching methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-273
Author(s):  
Svіtlana Shumovetska
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Round Table ◽  
Professional Culture ◽  
The State ◽  
Video Recordings ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
Business Game ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Different Levels

The article highlights the importance of the communicative component of the professional culture of the border guard officer, which is based on the fact that the profession of the border guard envisages a wide range of interpersonal contacts at different levels, primarily collective concerted actions of the border guards to prevent or terminate illegal actions at border guard areas. The significance of dialogical methods, first of all heuristic conversations, presentations, method of «brainstorming», «round table» method, «business game» method, practical group and individual exercises, discussion of video recordings, for forming of professional culture of future border guards, are revealed in details. The peculiarities of the use of dialogical methods in the system of forming the professional culture of the future border guards, especially during the teaching the educational discipline «Ukrainian for Professional Purposes» at the National Academy of the State Border Guard Service named after Bohdan Khmelnitsky. The subject of special attention in the article is the disclosure of the peculiarities of cadets studying the rules of conversation with citizens who cross the state border at the checkpoints, the specifics of the official communication of the border guard inspector as an element of his professional culture. It has been determined that dialogical methods are important for shaping the professional culture of the future border guards and for optimizing their interpersonal relationships. They allow you to teach the cadets the rules, values and norms of the professional cultural interaction between classmates, the features of professional interaction at the checkpoints. The use of dialogue methods helps to form the skills of the cadets freely, communicatively justified to use linguistic means in different forms, spheres and genres of speech, that is, to provide an appropriate level of communicative component of their professional culture.

scholarly journals The Multifaceted Nature of Legal English

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1-2 (12)) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
Lilit Sahakyan
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Vital Importance ◽  
Historic Review ◽  
International Importance ◽  
The Subject ◽  
International Social

It is beyond suspicion that legal English stands as a sublanguage of paramount international importance. The extralinguistic basis of legal English has nowadays been extended embracing conflict of overall international-social, political (both foreign and home) interests. As seen from the title of the work, the primary goal of the present article is to investigate the nature of law English. The article covers a detailed analysis of some pivotal, challenging and highly significant linguistic issues that deal with the multifaceted nature of legal English based on the comprehensive historic review of legal English. Thus, the vital importance of the subject is accounted for by the substantial and decisive role legal English plays in our social life.

Possibility of joint impact of probation officers from the criminal and family divisions performing tasks in one family

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Aleksander Samek
Keyword(s):  
Probation Officer ◽  
Probation Officers ◽  
Court Decisions ◽  
Open Environment ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject

The article highlights the possibility of joint impacts of probation officers of both divisions (family and criminal) performing tasks in one family. The above issue was analyzed in three aspects: historical, organizational, legal and methodological. Conclusions that arise after analysis lead to believe that the guardianship system has developed in several directions, and the role of probation officers is currently differently understood by judges, probation officers and the society. Probation officers perform a very wide range of tasks related to the implementation of court decisions. Their preparation for the profession has been standardized. Graduates of pedagogical, psychological, sociological and legal faculties may become probation officers. Year-long apprenticeship is aimed at deepening the knowledge of the future probation officer in the field of work methodology. The author believes that the issue of cooperation of probation officers performing tasks in one family should become the subject of in-depth analysis, both legal and methodological. Well-prepared and implemented cooperation between probation officers of both divisions can bring a measurable increase in effectiveness of rehabilitation-educational actions carried out in an open environment.

scholarly journals What Wasn’t an Encyclopaedia in the Fourth Islamic Century?

2017 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 959-991
Author(s):  
James Weaver
Keyword(s):  
Tenth Century ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Intended Meaning ◽  
Concepts And Categories ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Text Types ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Modern Arabic ◽  
Islamic Literature

Abstract The usefulness of the term “encyclopaedia” in the study of pre-modern Arabic and Islamic literature has been the subject of some discussion over the last decade. The main concern has been that it is applied to a wide range of texts and text-types in a vague and inflationary manner, leaving the intended meaning unclear in any given case. Although there is much merit to this criticism, the discipline also knows of more systematic usages. This paper surveys some of these, arguing that although the label “encyclopaedia” indeed has its disadvantages, the analytical concepts and categories lying behind a usage are of greater importance than the choice of term itself. In light of these arguments, some of the most prominent scholarly usages of encyclopaedia and encyclopaedism in regard to the fourth Islamic century/tenth century CE are assessed.

Racism: A Very Short Introduction

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Rattansi
Keyword(s):  
Racial Discrimination ◽  
Implicit Bias ◽  
Far Right ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Subject

Racism: A Very Short Introduction explores the history of racial ideas and a wide range of racisms—biological, cultural, colourblind, and structural—and illuminates issues that have been the subject of recent debates. Is Islamophobia a form of racism? Is there a new antisemitism? Why has whiteness become an important source of debate? What is intersectionality? What is unconscious or implicit bias, and what is its importance in understanding racial discrimination? This VSI tackles these questions, and also shows why racism is an ongoing problem. Finally, it explains why there has been a resurgence of national populist and far-right movements and explores their implications for the future of racism.

ENLARGEMENT, THE EUROPEAN CONSTITUTION, AND ADMINISTRATIVE LAW

2004 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-984 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jürgen Schwarze
Keyword(s):  
European Integration ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Mutual Influence ◽  
Administrative Law ◽  
European Constitution ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Eu

The subject of this article is the current state of administrative law in the context of the European integration. It will indicate the prospects for development of administrative law offered by the Convention on the Future of Europe, and its proposed European Constitution, as well as the enlargement of the EU which has taken place. The focus is on rules and general principles of European administrative law. They constitute the main sources of administrative law—written rules as well as unwritten judge-made law, and both the development of these sources and their mutual influence are subjects of the present article.

scholarly journals A Cumulative Principle in the Figurative Structure of the Lyric Poetry of Leonid Aronzon and Joseph Brodsky

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 315-341
Author(s):  
Aleksey Sergeevich Bokarev
Keyword(s):  
Detailed Analysis ◽  
Figurative Language ◽  
Lyric Poetry ◽  
Modern Poetry ◽  
Joseph Brodsky ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
The Subject

<p>The study defines the tendency of modern poetry to gravitate towards enumeration and registers as an attempt to &ldquo;restore&rdquo; the cumulative figurative language, which has not a conditionally poetic, but mythologically real status. From the standpoint of historical poetics, such a language is interpreted as a series of outwardly heterogeneous, but semantically identical phenomena, rooted in the archaic consciousness. The specifics of the worldview in the lyrics of L.&nbsp;Aronzon and J.&nbsp;Brodsky, namely, a complex of motifs represented with the help of cumulative structures, is the subject of study. The study asserts that, having a stable &ldquo;semantic halo&rdquo; (extensive assimilation of reality as a set of equivalent elements), accumulation performs a wide range of tasks, forming bundles with different, if not opposite, motifs (&ldquo;unity and magnificence&rdquo; of the world&nbsp;&mdash; Aronzon; discreteness of being and its overcoming&nbsp;&mdash; Brodsky). A&nbsp;detailed analysis of both authors&rsquo; poems allows to identify both invariant (historically determined) and variative (individual creative) features of the cumulative figurative language.</p>

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document