Feeding Families and Friars in Apalachee Province during the Mission Period

2021 ◽  
pp. 215-243
Author(s):  
TANYA M. PERES
Keyword(s):  
Mission Period

Chasing Angels: The Sweet Wine Angelica

2008 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
hank shaw
Keyword(s):  
The State ◽  
The Real ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
History Of ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Sweet Wine ◽  
Made In

Portugal has port, Spain has sherry, Sicily has Marsala –– and California has angelica. Angelica is California's original wine: The intensely sweet, fortified dessert cordial has been made in the state for more than two centuries –– primarily made from Mission grapes, first brought to California by the Spanish friars. Angelica was once drunk in vast quantities, but now fewer than a dozen vintners make angelica today. These holdouts from an earlier age are each following a personal quest for the real. For unlike port and sherry, which have strict rules about their production, angelica never gelled into something so distinct that connoisseurs can say, ““This is angelica. This is not.”” This piece looks at the history of the drink, its foggy origins in the Mission period and on through angelica's heyday and down to its degeneration into a staple of the back-alley wino set. Several current vintners are profiled, and they suggest an uncertain future for this cordial.

scholarly journals Improved stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles from SCIAMACHY: validation and sample results

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5223-5235 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. von Savigny ◽  
F. Ernst ◽  
A. Rozanov ◽  
R. Hommel ◽  
K.-U. Eichmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Optical Depth ◽  
Temporal Variability ◽  
Volcanic Eruptions ◽  
Stratospheric Aerosol ◽  
Aerosol Extinction ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Solar Occultation ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract. Stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles have been retrieved from SCIAMACHY/Envisat measurements of limb-scattered solar radiation. The retrieval is an improved version of an algorithm presented earlier. The retrieved aerosol extinction profiles are compared to co-located aerosol profile measurements from the SAGE II solar occultation instrument at a wavelength of 525 nm. Comparisons were carried out with two versions of the SAGE II data set (version 6.2 and the new version 7.0). In a global average sense the SCIAMACHY and the SAGE II version 7.0 extinction profiles agree to within about 10 % for altitudes above 15 km. Larger relative differences (up to 40 %) are observed at specific latitudes and altitudes. We also find differences between the two SAGE II data versions of up to 40 % for specific latitudes and altitudes, consistent with earlier reports. Sample results on the latitudinal and temporal variability of stratospheric aerosol extinction and optical depth during the SCIAMACHY mission period are presented. The results confirm earlier reports that a series of volcanic eruptions is responsible for the increase in stratospheric aerosol optical depth from 2002 to 2012. Above about an altitude of 28 km, volcanic eruptions are found to have negligible impact in the period 2002–2012.

Christianity as a Majority Religion of the Ethnic Minorities in Myanmar: Exploring Triple Dialogue in the Currents of World Christianity

2019 ◽  
Vol 131 (2) ◽  
pp. 45-64
Author(s):  
David Thang Moe
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Ethnic Minorities ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Local Religion ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Minority Religion ◽  
World Christianity

It is common to say that Christianity is a minority religion in Asia. Yet this article argues that Christianity is a majority religion of the ethnic minorities in Southeast Asia in general and Myanmar in particular and that one dimension of dialogue is not adequate in an age of world Christianity. Using a ‘triple dialogue’ as a methodology, the article explores three of the most salient issues of Myanmar ethnic minorities in the currents of world Christianity. First, the article revisits a cross-cultural relationship between foreign missionaries and locals in a colonial period and how Western mission impacts on Christians’ relationship with people of other faiths. Second, it explores the current issues of interreligious relationship between Christians and Buddhists and how Christian-Buddhist interaction plays a role in developing Christianity as a Myanmar local religion in a postcolonial mission period. Finally, it examines an intercultural hospitality between the ethnic Christian migrants and Western Christians and a ‘glocal’ relationship between migrants and their homeland Christians in a post-Western Christian period.

scholarly journals A full-mission data set of H<sub>2</sub>O and HDO columns from SCIAMACHY 2.3 µm reflectance measurements

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 3339-3350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schneider ◽  
Tobias Borsdorff ◽  
Joost aan de Brugh ◽  
Haili Hu ◽  
Jochen Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Average Bias ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Abstract. A new data set of vertical column densities of the water vapour isotopologues H2O and HDO from the SCanning Imaging Absorption spectroMeter for Atmospheric CHartographY (SCIAMACHY) instrument for the whole of the mission period from January 2003 to April 2012 is presented. The data are retrieved from reflectance measurements in the spectral range 2339 to 2383 nm with the Shortwave Infrared CO Retrieval (SICOR) algorithm, ignoring atmospheric light scattering in the measurement simulation. The retrievals are validated with ground-based Fourier transform infrared measurements obtained within the Multi-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water (MUSICA) project. A good agreement for low-altitude stations is found with an average bias of −3.6×1021 for H2O and −1.0×1018 molec cm−2 for HDO. The a posteriori computed δD shows an average bias of −8 ‰, even though polar stations have a larger negative bias. The latter is due to the large amount of sensor noise in SCIAMACHY in combination with low albedo and high solar zenith angles. To demonstrate the benefit of accounting for light scattering in the retrieval, the quality of the data product fitting effective cloud parameters simultaneously with trace gas columns is evaluated in a dedicated case study for measurements round high-altitude stations. Due to a large altitude difference between the satellite ground pixel and the mountain station, clear-sky scenes yield a large bias, resulting in a δD bias of 125 ‰. When selecting scenes with optically thick clouds within 1000 m above or below the station altitude, the bias in a posteriori δD is reduced from 125 to 44 ‰. The insights from the present study will also benefit the analysis of the data from the new Sentinel-5 Precursor mission.

EXPLORING THE GUALE VILLAGE AND SPANISH MISSION OCCUPATIONS AT THE SAPELO SHELL RING COMPLEX THROUGH BAYESIAN ANALYSIS

Radiocarbon ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Victor D Thompson ◽  
Richard W Jefferies ◽  
Christopher R Moore
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Bayesian Analysis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Ring Complex ◽  
Degree Of Certainty ◽  
Shell Ring ◽  
Southern Georgia ◽  
Georgia Coast

ABSTRACT Bayesian analysis of radiocarbon (14C) dates in North American archaeology is increasing, especially among archaeologists working in deeper time. However, historical archaeologists have been slow to embrace these new techniques, and there have been only a few examples of the incorporation of calendar dates as informative priors in Bayesian models in such work in the United States. To illustrate the value of Bayesian approaches to sites with both substantial earlier Native American occupations as well as a historic era European presence, we present the results of our Bayesian analysis of 14C dates from the earlier Guale village and the Mission period contexts from the Sapelo Shell Ring Complex (9MC23) in southern Georgia. Jefferies and Moore have explored the Spanish Mission period deposits at this site to better understand the Native American interactions with the Spanish during the 16th and 17th centuries along the Georgia Coast. Given the results of our Bayesian modeling, we can say with some degree of confidence that the deposits thus far excavated and sampled contain important information dating to the 17th-century mission on Sapelo Island. In addition, our modeling of new dates suggests the range of the pre-Mission era Guale village. Based on these new dates, we can now say with some degree of certainty which of the deposits sampled likely contain information that dates to one of the critical periods of Mission period research, the AD 1660–1684 period that ushered in the close of mission efforts on the Georgia Coast.

Fray Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta’s Work on California’s Native Languages

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 97-119
Author(s):  
Catherine Fountain
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Languages ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Alta California ◽  
Word Lists ◽  
Mission Period

Summary This article describes the linguistic work of Felipe Arroyo de la Cuesta (1780–1840), a Franciscan missionary from Spain who lived and worked in the missions of Alta California for some 32 years. He was the most prolific chronicler of the indigenous languages of Alta California during the mission period, writing a vocabulary and grammar of the Costanoan/Ohlone language Mutsun, taking notes on a Yokuts language he called Nopthrinthres, and compiling shorter word lists and religious texts in numerous other languages. The present work seeks to bring together and analyze what information is available about Arroyo de la Cuesta’s life and writings and place these within the broader field of missionary linguistics.

scholarly journals A full-mission data set of H<sub>2</sub>O and HDO columns from SCIAMACHY 2.3 μm reflectance measurements

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Schneider ◽  
Tobias Borsdorff ◽  
Joost aan de Brugh ◽  
Haili Hu ◽  
Jochen Landgraf
Keyword(s):  
Light Scattering ◽  
A Posteriori ◽  
Vertical Column ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Average Bias ◽  
Cloud Parameters ◽  
Infrared Measurements ◽  
Mission Period ◽  
Scanning Imaging ◽  
Reflectance Measurements

Abstract. A new data set of vertical column densities of the water vapour isotopologues H₂O and HDO from the Scanning Imaging Absorption Spectrometer for Atmospheric Chartography (SCIAMACHY) instrument for the whole mission period from January 2003 to April 2012 is presented. The data are retrieved from reflectance measurements in the spectral range 2339 nm to 2383 nm with the Shortwave Infrared CO Retrieval (SICOR) algorithm, ignoring atmospheric light scattering in the measurement simulation. The retrievals are validated with ground-based Fourier transform infrared measurements obtained within the Multi-platform remote Sensing of Isotopologues for investigating the Cycle of Atmospheric water (MUSICA) project. A good agreement for low-altitude stations is found with an average bias of −3.6·1021 molec cm−2 for HO and −1.0·1018molec cm−2 for HDO. The a posteriori computed δD shows an average bias of −8 ‰, even though polar stations have a larger negative bias. The latter is due to large sensor noise of SCIAMACHY in combination with low albedo and high solar zenith angles. To demonstrate the benefit of accounting for light scattering in the retrieval, the quality of the data product fitting effective cloud parameters simultaneously with trace gas columns is evaluated in a dedicated case study for measurements round high altitude stations. Due to a large altitude difference between the satellite ground pixel and the mountain station, clear sky scenes yield a large bias, resulting in a δD bias of 125 ‰. When selecting scenes with optically thick clouds within 1000 m above or below the station altitude, the bias in a posteriori δD is reduced from 125 ‰ to 44 ‰. The insights from the present study will also benefit the analysis of the data from the new Sentinel 5 Precursor mission.

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