Performance Incentives, Divergent Thinking Training, and Creative Problem Solving

2020 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 159-176
Author(s):  
Kun Huo
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Employee Performance ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Performance Incentives ◽  
Incentive Schemes ◽  
Piece Rate ◽  
Divergent And Convergent Thinking ◽  
Creative Problem

ABSTRACT Creativity theory suggests that effective solutions to creative problems depend on both divergent and convergent thinking (Cropley 2006). Using an experiment in which participants solve insight problems, I investigate the effect of incentive schemes on creative problem-solving performance. I find that both piece-rate pay and a flat wage plus public recognition generate higher performance with divergent thinking training than without. Consistent with the idea that incentives may promote more convergent thinking than divergent thinking, piece-rate pay generates lower creative problem-solving performance than the flat wage in the absence of divergent thinking training (flat wage plus recognition has a neutral effect). The study suggests that when employee performance depends on creative problem solving, firms should implement incentive schemes and/or control systems that promote both divergent and convergent thinking.

scholarly journals Threshold Effects of Creative Problem-Solving Attributes on Creativity in the Math Abilities of Taiwanese Upper Elementary Students

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chia-Yi Lin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Sixth Grade ◽  
Threshold Effect ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Ability Test ◽  
Knowledge And Skills ◽  
Balanced Development ◽  
Creative Problem

This study aimed to help determine what the typology of math creative problem-solving is. Different from studies that have discussed the threshold effect between creativity and intelligence, this research investigated the threshold effect between creativity and other attributes. The typology of the math creative problem-solving abilities of 409 fifth- and sixth-grade Taiwanese students was identified and compared in this study. A Creative Problem-Solving Attribute Instrument was devised for this study, with the aim of measuring students’ perceptions on their motivation, knowledge, and skills, both in general and in specific domains. Divergent and convergent thinking were also measured. Cluster analyses yielded three creative problem-solving typologies: High, Medium, and Low. The High Attribute group scored significantly higher in the Math Creative Problem-Solving Ability Test than did the Medium Attribute and Low Attribute groups. The results suggest a threshold effect from several attributes—divergent thinking, convergent thinking, motivation, general knowledge and skills, domain-specific knowledge and skills, and environment—on students’ creative problem-solving abilities. Balanced development of attributes may be an important consideration in nurturing creativity in children.

scholarly journals PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) PADA KONSEP GAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-67
Author(s):  
Neng Widiya Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Divergent And Convergent Thinking ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
Thinking Process

The purposes of the research are: 1. Describing the application of creative problem solving (CPS) approach on “gaya” concept study 2. Describing the improvement of students’ learning result on through the use of student worksheet (LKS) as well as the problem solving through brainstorming by divergent and convergent thinking process. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles. The previous research result, before applying this approach was only 12,25% (5 students) who passed the minimum competence criteria. After researcher applying CPS approach in science study on konsep gaya, in the first cycle the number of students who passed competence increase to 52,50% (21 students). It shows that there is an improvement from the earlier data. It increases 40,25. In the second cycle the number of students who passed the competence increase to 77,30% (31 students). It means that the improvement of the percentage is 47,25. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the application of CPS approach can effectively improve students’ achievement in SDN Kalibuntu.   Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendeskripsikan penerapan pendekatan Creative problem solving (CPS) pada pembelajaran konsep Gaya dikelas IV dengan jumlah 40 orang siswapada prembelajaran IPA di SDN Kalibuntu Kecamatan Baros Kabupaten Serang. (2) Mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada konsep Gaya melalui penggunaan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) serta pemecahan masalah melalui brainstorming (urun pendapat) melalui proses berpikir divergen dan konvergen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang di dalamnya terdapat dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum menerapkan pembelajaran reflektif atau data awal siswa yang tuntas hanya 12,25% (5 orang). Setelah diterapkannya pendekatan creative problem solving (CPS) dalam pembelajaran IPA pada konsep gaya, pada siklus pertama siswa yang tuntas sebesar 52,50% (21 orang), sehingga ada peningkatan dari data awal dengan presentase sebesar 40,25%. Pada siklus kedua jumlah siswa yang tuntas dengan presentase sebesar 77,50% (31 orang), dan mengalami peningkatan dari siklus pertama sebesar 47,25%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan creative problem solving (CPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SDN Kalibuntu, maka penelitian ini dapat dikatakan berhasil.

scholarly journals The Effect of Dopaminergic Replacement Therapy on Creative Thinking and Insight Problem-Solving in Parkinson's Disease Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carola Salvi ◽  
Emily K. Leiker ◽  
Beatrix Baricca ◽  
Maria A. Molinari ◽  
Roberto Eleopra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Replacement Therapy ◽  
Inhibitory Control ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Creative Problem

Parkinson's disease (PD) patients receiving dopaminergic treatment may experience bursts of creativity. Although this phenomenon is sometimes recognized among patients and their clinicians, the association between dopamine replacement therapy (DRT) in PD patients and creativity remains underexplored. It is unclear, for instance, whether DRT affects creativity through convergent or divergent thinking, idea generation, or a general lack of inhibition. It is also unclear whether DRT only augments pre-existing creative attributes or generates creativity de novo. Here, we tested a group of PD patients when “on” and “off” dopaminergic treatment on a series of tests of creative problem-solving (Alternative Uses Task, Compound Remote Associates, Rebus Puzzles), and related their performance to a group of matched healthy controls as well as to their pre-PD creative skills and measures of inhibition/impulsivity. Results did not provide strong evidence that DRT improved creative thinking in PD patients. Rather, PD patients “on” medication showed less flexibility in divergent thinking, generated fewer ideas via insight, and showed worse performance in convergent thinking overall (by making more errors) than healthy controls. Pre-PD creative skills predicted enhanced flexibility and fluency in divergent thinking when PD patients were “on” medication. However, results on convergent thinking were mixed. Finally, PD patients who exhibited deficits in a measure of inhibitory control showed weaker convergent thinking while “on” medication, supporting previous evidence on the importance of inhibitory control in creative problem-solving. Altogether, results do not support the hypothesis that DRT promotes creative thinking in PD. We speculate that bursts of artistic production in PD are perhaps conflated with creativity due to lay conceptions of creativity (i.e., an art-bias).

PENERAPAN PENDEKATAN CREATIVE PROBLEM SOLVING (CPS) PADA KONSEP GAYA UNTUK MENINGKATKAN HASIL BELAJAR SISWA

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 53
Author(s):  
Neng Widiya Puspitasari
Keyword(s):  
Action Research ◽  
Problem Solving ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Convergent Thinking ◽  
Science Study ◽  
Concept Study ◽  
Divergent And Convergent Thinking ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
Thinking Process

The purposes of the research are: 1. Describing the application of creative problem solving (CPS) approach on “gaya” concept study 2. Describing the improvement of students’ learning result on through the use of student worksheet (LKS) as well as the problem solving through brainstorming by divergent and convergent thinking process. This research is a classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles. The previous research result, before applying this approach was only 12,25% (5 students) who passed the minimum competence criteria. After researcher applying CPS approach in science study on konsep gaya, in the first cycle the number of students who passed competence increase to 52,50% (21 students). It shows that there is an improvement from the earlier data. It increases 40,25. In the second cycle the number of students who passed the competence increase to 77,30% (31 students). It means that the improvement of the percentage is 47,25. Based on the data above, it can be concluded that the application of CPS approach can effectively improve students’ achievement in SDN Kalibuntu. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah (1) Mendeskripsikan penerapan pendekatan Creative problem solving (CPS) pada pembelajaran konsep Gaya dikelas IV dengan jumlah 40 orang siswapada prembelajaran IPA di SDN Kalibuntu Kecamatan Baros Kabupaten Serang. (2) Mendeskripsikan peningkatan hasil belajar siswa pada konsep Gaya melalui penggunaan Lembar Kerja Siswa (LKS) serta pemecahan masalah melalui brainstorming (urun pendapat) melalui proses berpikir divergen dan konvergen. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian tindakan kelas (PTK) yang di dalamnya terdapat dua siklus. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebelum menerapkan pembelajaran reflektif atau data awal siswa yang tuntas hanya 12,25% (5 orang). Setelah diterapkannya pendekatan creative problem solving (CPS) dalam pembelajaran IPA pada konsep gaya, pada siklus pertama siswa yang tuntas sebesar 52,50% (21 orang), sehingga ada peningkatan dari data awal dengan presentase sebesar 40,25%. Pada siklus kedua jumlah siswa yang tuntas dengan presentase sebesar 77,50% (31 orang), dan mengalami peningkatan dari siklus pertama sebesar 47,25%. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa penerapan pendekatan creative problem solving (CPS) dapat meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa di SDN Kalibuntu, maka penelitian ini dapat dikatakan berhasil.

scholarly journals Pengembangan Daya Kreatif (Creative Power) Melalui Dunia Sekolah: Identifikasi Isu

2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 131-175
Author(s):  
Fuad Fachruddin
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Creative Thinking ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Creative Teaching ◽  
Creative Behavior ◽  
Creative Leadership ◽  
Creative Power ◽  
Creative Problem ◽  
Constructive Behavior

Setiap insan dianugrahi Yang Maha Penyayang daya kreatif (creative power), yang mengandung beberapa dimensi yaitu berfikir kreatif (creative thinking atau divergent thinking),  perilaku kreatif  (creative behavior) atau perilaku konstruktif  (constructive behavior) dan tindakan atau amaliah kreatif.  Sayang tidak semua orang dapat mengembangkan daya tersebut secara optimal. Pola dan pendekatan mendidik di keluarga, sekolah dan masyarakat acap kali tidak mendukung  pengembangan daya kreatif. Tulisan ini membahas beberapa hal seperti tersebut di muka dan pengembangan daya kreatif melalui dunia sekolah. Dalam mengembangkan daya kreatif peserta didik diperlukan hal atau syarat yang mendukung yaitu guru kreatif yang mencakup pembelajaran kreatif (creative teaching), kepala sekolah yang kreatif (creative leadership) dan lingkungan yang kreatif. Pengembangan daya kreatif dalam kontek bangsa untuk  menyiapkan warga bangsa dalam mengadapi kehidupan yang sangat kompetitif (global). Dalam kontek dunia sekolah, pengembangan daya kreatif dimaksudkan sebagai sebagai salah satu upaya peningkatan mutu pendidikan, karena pengembangan daya akan melahirkan superior learning. Pengembangan daya kreatif peserta didik dapat dilakukan melalui pendekatan atau metoda seperti memecahkan masalah secara kreatif (creative  problem solving),  pembelajaran berbasis masalah,  konsep dan  pendekatan  “limit to reach unlimited (dalam keadaan  terbatas dapat melahirkan karya luar biasa).

Managerial creative problem solving and the Big Five personality traits

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (6) ◽  
pp. 674-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Myszkowski ◽  
Martin Storme ◽  
Andrés Davila ◽  
Todd Lubart
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Divergent Thinking ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Creative Problem Solving ◽  
Creative Potential ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Managerial Task ◽  
Creative Problem

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to provide new elements to understand, measure and predict managerial creativity. More specifically, based on new approaches to creative potential (Lubart et al., 2011), this study proposes to distinguish two aspects of managerial creative problem solving: divergent-exploratory thinking, in which managers try to generate several new solutions to a problem; and convergent-integrative thinking, in which managers select and elaborate one creative solution. Design/methodology/approach – In this study, personality is examined as a predictor of managerial creative problem solving: On one hand, based on previous research on general divergent thinking (e.g. Ma, 2009), it is hypothesized that managerial divergent thinking is predicted by high openness to experience and low agreeableness. On the other hand, because efficient people management involves generating satisfying and trustful social interactions, it is hypothesized that convergent-integrative thinking ability is predicted by high agreeableness. In all, 137 adult participants completed two divergent-exploratory thinking managerial tasks and two convergent-integrative thinking managerial task and the Big Five Inventory (John and Srivastava, 1999). Findings – As expected, divergent-exploratory thinking was predicted by openness to experience (r=0.21; p<0.05) and agreeableness (r=−0.22; p<0.05) and the convergent-integrative thinking part of managerial creative problem solving was predicted by agreeableness (r=0.28; p<0.001). Originality/value – Contrary to most research on managerial creativity (e.g. Scratchley and Hakstian, 2001), the study focuses (and provides measure guidelines) on both divergent and convergent thinking dimensions of creative potential. This study replicates and extends previous results regarding the link between personality (especially agreeableness) and managerial creativity.

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