Sarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Baughman ◽  
Mary Beth Scholand
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Noncaseating Granuloma ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Löfgren Syndrome ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas, which accumulate in affected organs. The incidence, organ involvement, and disease severity depend on environmental exposures and host factors. The cause of sarcoidosis remains unknown. Any organ can be affected; however, involvement of the lung, heart, and nervous system contributes most to morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis (including clinical manifestations), differential diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of sarcoidosis. Figures depict the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, radiographic stages of sarcoidosis, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of a patient with neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma from a tissue biopsy of a patient with sarcoidosis, various manifestations of sarcoidosis, approach to the use of anti-inflammatory therapy for sarcoidosis, and an algorithm for symptomatic disease.  This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 7 tables, and 127 references Keywords: cardiac sarcoidosis, hilar lymphadenopathy, Löfgren syndrome, neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma, sarcoidosis, uveitis 

Sarcoidosis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert P Baughman ◽  
Mary Beth Scholand
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Host Factors ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Noncaseating Granuloma ◽  
Symptomatic Disease ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Löfgren Syndrome ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease characterized by the presence of noncaseating granulomas, which accumulate in affected organs. The incidence, organ involvement, and disease severity depend on environmental exposures and host factors. The cause of sarcoidosis remains unknown. Any organ can be affected; however, involvement of the lung, heart, and nervous system contributes most to morbidity and mortality. This review discusses the epidemiology, etiology, genetics, pathogenesis, diagnosis (including clinical manifestations), differential diagnosis, management, complications, and prognosis of sarcoidosis. Figures depict the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis, radiographic stages of sarcoidosis, contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of a patient with neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma from a tissue biopsy of a patient with sarcoidosis, various manifestations of sarcoidosis, approach to the use of anti-inflammatory therapy for sarcoidosis, and an algorithm for symptomatic disease.  This review contains 7 highly rendered figures, 3 tables, and 126 references Keywords: cardiac sarcoidosis, hilar lymphadenopathy, Löfgren syndrome, neurosarcoidosis, noncaseating granuloma, sarcoidosis, uveitis 

scholarly journals Magnetic resonance imaging of the heart in the diagnosis of sarcoidosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 101-106
Author(s):  
O V Stukalova ◽  
N V Meladze ◽  
D A Ivanova ◽  
T M Shvecz ◽  
S A Gaman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Clinical Cases

Heart sarcoidosis diagnosis presents great difficulties due to the absence of specific clinical manifestations. Most often, the diagnosis is established during autopsy. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the heart with contrast enhancement is one of the most informative methods of intravital diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis. In this article, two clinical cases, shows the role of MRI of the heart with contrast enhancement in the diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis.

scholarly journals Case Report: Sarcoidosis with azygos vein enlargement mimicking metastatic cancer

F1000Research ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 661
Author(s):  
Abdallah Qasim ◽  
Omar Kousa ◽  
Mohamed Mansour ◽  
Ahmad K. Aly ◽  
Dana Awad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Metastatic Cancer ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Azygos Vein ◽  
Diagnostic Challenge ◽  
Serious Infections ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas ◽  
Rule Out

Sarcoidosis is a systemic disease with heterogeneous clinical manifestations that is characterized histologically by the presence of noncaseating granulomas in the affected organs. It can be a diagnostic challenge, especially when mimicking malignancy or fungal infections. Previous case reports of sarcoidosis presenting with multiple masses are highly suggestive of infectious or malignant etiology.  In this case, our patient presented with enlarged lymph node and was found to have innumerable nodules in the mediastinum, lungs, and liver. Azygos vein enlargement was also seen on radiological imaging, and malignancy was highly suspected; hence, an extensive workup was conducted, including laboratory, radiology and biopsy evaluation, which were diagnostic of sarcoidosis. Our case showed the importance of correlation of the history, physical examination, radiological and histopathologic studies in confirming the diagnosis and the need to rule out other serious infections and malignancies, especially with azygous vein enlargement, which can sometimes be missed in chest radiograph.

scholarly journals Neurosarcoidosis: guidance for the general neurologist

2012 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lívia Almeida Dutra ◽  
Pedro Braga-Neto ◽  
Ricardo Araújo Oliveira ◽  
José Luiz Pedroso ◽  
Agessandro Abrahão ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Symptom Control ◽  
Immunosuppressive Agents ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Diagnostic Work ◽  
Noncaseating Granulomas

Neurosarcoidosis (NS) more commonly occurs in the setting of systemic disease. The diagnosis is based on a clinical history suggestive of NS, presence of noncaseating granulomas, and supportive evidence of sarcoid pathology, laboratory, and imaging studies. NS could involve any part of the nervous system and often demands high doses of steroids for symptom control. It presents low response to isolated steroids administration and frequently requires immunosuppressive agents. In NS, lymphocytes are polarized toward an excessive Th1 response, leading to overproduction of TNF-alpha and INF-gama, as well as lL-2 and IL-15. Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal antibody that neutralizes the biological activity of TNF-alpha, is a new option in the NS treatment. We revised pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic work up, and treatment of NS as guidance for the general neurologist.

Cardiac Sarcoidosis: Diagnosis by Contrast-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging

2008 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 784-786
Author(s):  
Francisco García-Gallego ◽  
Montserrat Bret-Zurita ◽  
Cristina García-Quero ◽  
Emilio Cuesta-López
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cardiac Sarcoidosis ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

An Unusual Long Segment Spinal Epidural Cavernous Hemangioma: A Case Report

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 117-120
Author(s):  
Shamrendra Narayan ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar ◽  
Neha Singh ◽  
Ragini Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cavernous Hemangioma ◽  
Histopathological Diagnosis ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Rare Lesion ◽  
Compressive Myelopathy ◽  
Vertebral Hemangiomas ◽  
Spinal Epidural

Spinal epidural hemangioma, mostly cavernous, is a rare lesion with many radiological mimics that has diagnostic difficulty. They can extend from one to multiple vertebral levels and may or may not be associated with vertebral hemangiomas. We are reporting a case of young adult presenting with features of compressive myelopathy. Plain and contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging showed a large spinal epidural lesion extending from C7 to D10 vertebral levels with extension into adjacent neural foramina and paravertebral spaces. There were also signal changes in bodies and posterior elements of dorsal vertebrae. A provisional diagnosis of lymphoma was made. The patient was operated for decompression and histopathological diagnosis of cavernous hemangioma was made. As in our case, a review of literature shows that epidural cavernous hemangioma of spine may extend to multiple vertebral levels and difficult to diagnose on pre-operative imaging. However, such a long segment epidural cavernous hemangioma has not been reported in literature. Furthermore, we should be aware of these rare lesions to include it in our differential diagnosis the spinal epidural lesions for early diagnosis and management.

Cesarean scar defects: diagnosis and treatment in non-pregnant women

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 6-10
Author(s):  
Sergey A. Martynov
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Surgical Treatment ◽  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
Conservative Therapy ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Subsequent Pregnancy ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Pregnancy And Childbirth

The aim of the review was to summarize information on clinical manifestations, diagnostic features, as well as methods for correction of scar defects after cesarean section (CS) outside pregnancy. Lack of the scar after CS, niche, isthmocele are a myometrium defect in the area of scar after CS, which is most often detected by ultrasound, sonohysterography or magnetic resonance imaging and is manifested by postmenstrual bleeding from the genital tract. In some cases, it can cause menorrhagia, dyspareunia, pelvic pain, infertility, uterine rupture during subsequent pregnancy and childbirth. Conservative therapy or surgical treatment with laparoscopy, laparotomy or vaginal approach is carried out depending on the symptoms, size of the defect, the thickness of the residual myometrium, as well as the womans reproductive plans.

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