scholarly journals The longevity of casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate fluoride varnish's preventative effects: Assessment of white spot lesion formation

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-15
Author(s):  
Moufida Abufarwa ◽  
Amal Noureldin ◽  
Phillip M Campbell ◽  
Peter H Buschang
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Control Group ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Experimental Group

ABSTRACT Objectives: To test how long casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) fluoride varnish prevents enamel demineralization in vitro. Materials and Methods: Human molars and premolars were sectioned buccolingually and randomly assigned to two groups. Standardized pretreatment images of enamel surfaces were obtained using FluoreCam. The control group received no treatment, and the experimental group received an application of CPP-ACP fluoride varnish. Over simulated periods of 2, 4, 8, and 12 weeks, specimens were placed in a toothbrushing simulator, thermocycled, subjected to 9 days of pH cycling, and imaged with FluoreCam. Samples were sectioned and polished for polarized light microscope (PLM) evaluation. Results: There were statistically significant time (P < .001) and varnish (P < .001) effects on area, intensity, and impact of enamel demineralization. The control group showed significant and progressive demineralization over the 12 weeks (P < .001). The experimental group revealed no significant demineralization during the first 4 weeks (P > .05) and significant (P < .001) increases thereafter. Experimental demineralization after 12 weeks was comparable to 2-week demineralization in the controls, with significant between-group differences (P < .001) in enamel demineralization at all time points. PLM of the control and experimental groups revealed lesion depths of 90 ± 34 μm and 37 ± 9 μm, respectively. Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, CPP-ACP fluoride varnish prevents enamel demineralization for at least 4 weeks and limits demineralization up to 12 weeks.

scholarly journals Combined effect of Er,Cr:YSGG laser and casein phosphopeptide amorphous calcium phosphate on the prevention of enamel demineralization:

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-375
Author(s):  
Samar M. Adel ◽  
Eiman S. Marzouk ◽  
Nadia El-Harouni
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Group Iv ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Lesion Depth ◽  
Enamel Demineralization ◽  
Combined Use ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

ABSTRACT Objectives To compare the effect of use of laser, casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP–ACP), and their combination on prevention of enamel demineralization using polarized light microscopy to assess lesion depth. Materials and Methods Eighty premolars were randomly allocated to four equal groups (n = 20): Group I: Control group, no preventive measures. Group II: CPP–ACP. Group III: Er,Cr:YSGG laser. Group IV: Er,Cr:YSGG laser followed by CPP–ACP. Specimens were subjected to thermocycling and brushing protocols equivalent to 1 year intraorally. Then, all teeth were subjected to acid challenge. Teeth were then sectioned longitudinally and examined under a polarized light microscope and lesion depth was measured. Results Group IV resulted in the least lesion depth with a significant difference between it and all other groups. CPP–ACP alone and laser alone also showed a significant difference in white spot lesion (WSL) depth compared to the control group; however, no significant difference was found between them. Conclusions The combined use of laser and CPP–ACP showed the best prevention against WSL development. The use of CPP–ACP or laser alone also resulted in a significant reduction in lesion depth but was significantly less than their combined use, with no significant difference between them.

scholarly journals Comparison of the Efficacy of Different Fluoride Varnishes on Dentin Remineralization During a Critical pH Exposure Using Quantitative X-Ray Microtomography

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E308-E316
Author(s):  
A Sleibi ◽  
A Tappuni ◽  
D Mills ◽  
GR Davis ◽  
A Baysan
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Concentration ◽  
Voxel Size ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide

SUMMARY Objectives: The objective of this in vitro study was to quantify the amount of mineral change in demineralized dentin at pH 5.5 after the application of dental varnishes containing fluoride with casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate, fluoride and bioglass, or fluoride alone. Methods and Materials: A total of 12 extracted human sound mandibular premolar root samples were coated with an acid-resistant varnish, leaving a 2 × 3 mm window at the outer root surface. These root specimens were then randomly divided into four groups and separately subjected to the demineralizing cycle at a pH of 4.8 for five days to create artificial caries-like lesions in dentin. Subsequently, each sample was imaged using quantitative x-ray microtomography (XMT) at a 15-μm voxel size. Each test group then received one of the following treatments: dental varnish containing casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride (CPP-ACP, MI varnish, GC Europe), bioglass and fluoride (BGA, Experimental, Dentsply Sirona), or fluoride alone (NUPRO, Dentsply Sirona), as well as a control group, which received no treatment. These samples were kept in deionized water for 12 hours. The thin layer of varnish was then removed. All samples including the nonvarnish group were subjected to the second demineralizing cycle at pH 5.5 for five days. The final XMT imaging was then carried out following the second demineralizing cycle. XMT scan was also carried out to varnish samples at 25 μm voxel size. The change in mineral concentration in the demineralized teeth was assessed using both qualitative and quantitative image analysis. Results: There was an increase in radiopacity in the subtracted images of all varnish groups; a significant increase in mineral content, 12% for the CPP-ACP and fluoride (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001), 25% BGA (p≤0.001), and 104% fluoride alone varnish (p≤0.001). There was an increase in the size of radiolucency in the lesion area with a significant decrease in mineral content in the nonvarnish group, 10% (p≤0.05 and p≤0.001). Conclusions: There was encouraging evidence of a remineralization effect following the application of dental varnish on dentin and also an observed resistance to demineralization during the acidic challenge in all cases. However, a dental varnish containing fluoride alone appeared to have a much greater effect on dentin remineralization when compared with CPP-ACP with fluoride and bioglass with fluoride.

In vitro comparison of the remineralizing effect of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate and fluoride varnish on early carious lesions

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael Morales-Vadillo ◽  
Janet-Ofelia Guevara-Canales ◽  
Hugo-Percy García-Rivera ◽  
Rosario-Haydée Bazán-Asencios ◽  
José-Martín Robello-Malatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Fluoride Varnish ◽  
Carious Lesions ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
In Vitro Comparison

scholarly journals Evaluation of Remineralizing Efficacy of Calcium Sucrose Phosphate: A Systematic Review of In Vitro Studies

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
Ashok Karad ◽  
Prashant Dhole
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
White Spot ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
White Spot Lesion ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Sucrose Phosphate

Background: Despite improved oral hygiene regime and availability of preventive formulations, dental caries continues to be a global dental problem. Calcium sucrose phosphate (CaSP) is a remineralizing agent with cariostatic action, which is commonly available in the form of tooth cream. Considering the paucity of evidence, this systematic literature review aims to evaluate the remineralizing efficacy of CaSP. Methodology: The review was conducted as per Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses guidelines. Various databases, including PubMed, Cochrane Central, and Google Scholar, were searched until March 15, 2018 and were assessed for inclusion by two independent reviewers. The primary outcome was to assess the remineralizing efficacy of CaSP, and the secondary outcome was to assess the potential of CaSP in arresting white spot lesion(s) on enamel. Results: Out of 2,876 articles, only 13 were qualified for inclusion. Included studies presented a low risk of bias for the following items: caries-free teeth or restoration, and adherence to manufacture’s instruction for the usage of remineralizing agent in the risk of bias scale. Ten studies reported an increase in the microhardness of enamel after CaSP application, and three studies reported the effect of CaSP on arresting white spot lesion(s). CaSP was found to be a better remineralizing agent in comparison to casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate with fluoride (CPP-ACPF) and other remineralizing agents in terms of increasing microhardness of enamel. In addition, CaSP application was also found to have a beneficial effect in restoring the color of white spot lesion(s) to that of normal enamel. Conclusion: CaSP tooth cream was found to be an effective remineralizing agent, compared to others, such as CPP-ACP and CPP-ACPF, in terms of increasing the mean microhardness of enamel and arresting white spot lesion(s).

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Casein Phosphopeptide-Amorphous Calcium Phosphate (CPP-ACP) Compared to Fluoride Products in an In-Vitro Demineralization Model

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 5974
Author(s):  
Markus Reise ◽  
Stefan Kranz ◽  
Markus Heyder ◽  
Klaus D. Jandt ◽  
Bernd W. Sigusch
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Amorphous Calcium Phosphate ◽  
Polarized Light ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Casein Phosphopeptide ◽  
Tooth Mousse ◽  
Negative Controls

The goal of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the toothpaste Tooth Mousse compared to conventional fluoride-based versions in the prevention of enamel and dentin demineralization. Human enamel and dentin samples (n = 120 each) were exposed to artificial demineralization at pH 4.92. During the demineralization process, the samples in the test groups were periodically treated with Tooth Mousse (TM) containing casein-phosphopeptide -amorphous-calcium-phosphate (CPP-ACP) and Tooth Mousse Plus (TMP) containing amorphous-calcium-fluoride-phosphate (CPP-ACPF) to evaluate their protective properties. Fluoride toothpastes containing 1400 ppm amine fluoride (AmF) and 1450 ppm sodium fluoride (NaF) were applied in the positive control groups. Treatment with distilled water (group C-W) or demineralization without treatment (group C-D) served as negative controls. After the demineralization and treatment process, all samples were cut longitudinally and lesion depths were determined at six locations using polarized light microscopy. In TM/TMP groups (enamel: 80/86 µm, dentin: 153/156 µm) lesion depths were significantly smaller compared to the negative control groups C-W/C-D (enamel: 99/111 µm, dentin: 163/166 µm). However, TM and TMP compared to the positive controls AmF/NaF (enamel: 58/63 µm, dentin: 87/109 µm) showed higher lesion depths. The application of TM/TMP (89%/78%) during demineralization led to a reduced number of severe lesions compared to the negative controls C-W/C-D (100%/95%). In this study we demonstrate that Tooth Mousse is less effective regarding prevention of enamel and dentin demineralization compared to fluoride containing toothpastes.

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