scholarly journals Longitudinal study of cephalometric soft tissue profile traits between the ages of 6 and 18 years

2013 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert T. Bergman ◽  
John Waschak ◽  
Ali Borzabadi-Farahani ◽  
Neal C. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class I ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Growth And Change

ABSTRACT Objective: To study the longitudinal changes in 19 soft tissue cephalometric traits (according to the Bergman cephalometric soft tissue facial analysis). Materials and Methods: Cephalograms and photographs of 40 subjects (20 male, 20 female, from the Burlington Growth Centre) that were obtained at ages 6, 9, 12, 14, 16, and 18 years were used. Subjects were orthodontically untreated whites and had Class I dentoskeletal relationships (ideal overjet and overbite). Images were obtained with the lips in a relaxed position or lightly touching. Results: Three groups of soft tissue traits were identified: (1) traits that increased in size with growth (nasal projection, lower face height, chin projection, chin-throat length, upper and lower lip thickness, upper lip length, and lower lip–chin length); (2) traits that decreased in size with growth (interlabial gap and mandibular sulcus contour [only in females]); and (3) traits that remained relatively constant during growth (facial profile angle, nasolabial angle, lower face percentage, chin-throat/lower face height percentage, lower face–throat angle, upper incisor exposure, maxillary sulcus contour, and upper and lower lip protrusion). Conclusion: Current findings identify areas of growth and change in individuals with Class I skeletal and dental relationships with ideal overjet and overbite and should be considered during treatment planning of orthodontic and orthognathic patients.

scholarly journals Angular Photogrammetric Soft Tissue Facial Profile Analysis of Bangladeshi Young Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 279-286
Author(s):  
Lubna Akter ◽  
Md. Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile

Introduction Angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis provides a permanent record for the actual appearance of a person, which would also serve to establish an ideal esthetic treatment goal. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the average angular variables that define the soft tissue facial profile of a Bangladeshi sample. Materials and Methods This cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics of Dhaka Dental College and Hospital, Bangladesh, from July to December 2015. Soft tissue facial profiles of 200 participants (100 males and 100 females) between 18 and 25 years of age, with a dental Class I occlusal relationship and harmonious soft tissue profile, were selected by convenience sampling among students, doctors, and patients of Dhaka Dental College. Standardized photographs of 200 samples were taken in the natural head position. The photographic records were analyzed with the software for Windows, Microsoft Visio 2007, Standard Edition. All data were analyzed through standard methods using Statistical Package for the Statistical Package for Social Science Software (SPSS Version-20, IBM Corp, USA). Results The average angular measurements for nasofrontal, total facial angle, facial angle, upper lip angle, projection of lower lip to chin, and mentolabial angle were wider in females. The mean value for nose tip angle, nasolabial angle, nasomental angle, and projection of upper lip to chin angle was higher in males compared to females. Nasofrontal angle (G-N-Nd) (P = 0.000) and mentolabial angle (Li-Sm-Pg) (P = 0.001) showed statistically significant differences. The greatest variability was found for mentolabial angle. Conclusion The study of angular photogrammetric soft tissue facial profile analysis of Bangladeshi young adults contributes to the establishment of standardized normal values for the population. This study provides data which can be used in treatment planning by specialists such as orthodontists, prosthodontists, plastic surgeons, and maxillofacial surgeons, who have the capability to change the soft tissue facial features.

scholarly journals Changes in soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible treated with twin block appliance

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ng Hui Lin ◽  
Eky Setiawan Soeria Soemantri ◽  
Gita Gayatri
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Facial Soft Tissue ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Twin Block ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

Introduction: The soft tissue aspect in orthodontics treatment has gained attention in the last few years. The soft tissue profile is said to reflect the underlying skeletal profile, which causes a convex profile in patients with class II skeletal malocclusion. This research was aimed to determine the changes in the soft tissue facial profile of class II skeletal malocclusion patients with retrognathic mandible after twin block treatment. Methods: The type of research used in this study was retrospective descriptive research with paired t-test. The population was children aged 10-13 years old with class II skeletal malocclusion that were treated with twin block appliance in the Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. The results of soft tissue changes before and after twin block treatment were compared. Results: There was an insignificant increase in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment (p > 0.05). Whereas, Holdaway’s H-angle was decreasing and Merrifield’s Z-angle was increasing after twin block treatment, with statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). Conclusion: There was a decrease of H-angle, indicates a reduction in facial convexity and improvement of the facial profile after twin block treatment, but no difference in soft tissue profile angle and Holdaway’s soft tissue angle after twin block treatment. Keywords: Facial soft tissue profile, class II skeletal malocclusion, retrognathic mandible, twin block appliance

scholarly journals Cephalometric comparison of dentofacial parameters between Yemeni and Caucasian adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amal Al-Yousefi ◽  
Khaled Al- Haddad ◽  
Ammar Daer ◽  
Mohammed A. Al-Labani
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Maxillofacial Surgery ◽  
Class I ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Third Molars ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Face Height ◽  
Study Inclusion

Objective: The purposes of this research were to establish cephalometric standards for Yemeni adults and to compare them with those of the Caucasians. Material and Methods: 100 Yemeni students (fifty males, mean age of 23.6 ± 2.1 years, and fifty female, mean age of 21.5 ± 3.1 years) with normal occlusions and wellbalanced faces were involved in the study. Inclusion criteria were a class I malocclusion with minor or no crowding, the whole teeth is present except third molars and no previous orthodontic, orthopedic or maxillofacial surgery treatment. Five angular and eighteen linear measurements were used for the skeletal, dental and soft tissue analysis. All participant’s lateral cephalometric radiographs were evaluated. The average values and standard deviations for all the angles and linear measurements were determined. The differences for each measurement between the Yemeni and Caucasian participants were calculated using unpaired t–tests. Results: Yemeni subjects had a more retrognathic mandibular positions (P< 0.05), protrusive mandibular incisors (P< 0.01), more protruded lip positions (P < 0.01), deeper mentolabial sulci (P< 0.01) and a steeper mandibular planes (P< 0.001) compared to the Caucasians. Yemeni females had a larger lower face height than Caucasian females (P< 0.001). Conclusions: The study provides specific standards for Yemeni adults and shows that the Yemenis had different skeletal and dentoalveolar cephalometric standards in comparison with Caucasians.   Keywords Cephalometric comparison; Skeletal and dental features; Yemeni norms.

scholarly journals Comparative evaluation of soft tissue changes in Class I borderline patients treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 50-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aniruddh Yashwant V. ◽  
Ravi K. ◽  
Edeinton Arumugam
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class I ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Borderline Cases ◽  
Skeletal Malocclusion ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Borderline Patients ◽  
Tissue Changes ◽  
Soft Tissue Changes

Abstract Objective: To compare soft tissue changes in Class I borderline cases treated with extraction and nonextraction modalities. Methods: A parent sample of 150 patients with Class I dental and skeletal malocclusion (89 patients treated with premolar extraction and 61 patients without extraction) was randomly selected and subjected to discriminant analysis which identified the borderline sample of 44 patients (22 extraction and 22 nonextraction patients). Pretreatment and post-treatment cephalograms of the borderline subsample were analyzed using 22 soft tissue parameters. Results: Upper and lower lips were more retracted and thickness of the upper lip increased more in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). The nasolabial angle became more obtuse and the interlabial gap was reduced in the borderline extraction cases (p < 0.01). Lower lip, interlabial gap and nasolabial angle showed no changes in the borderline nonextraction cases. Conclusion: The soft tissue parameters which can be used as guideline in decision making to choose either extraction or nonextraction in Class I borderline cases are upper and lower lip protrusion in relation to the E-plane and Sn-Pg' line, lower lip protrusion in relation to the true vertical line (TVL), upper lip thickness, nasolabial angle and interlabial gap.

scholarly journals Effects of different surgical techniques and displacement distances on the soft tissue profile via orthodontic-orthognathic treatment of class II and class III malocclusions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephan Christian Möhlhenrich ◽  
Florian Kötter ◽  
Florian Peters ◽  
Kristian Kniha ◽  
Sachin Chhatwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Orthognathic Surgery ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Maxillary Advancement ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Bimaxillary Surgery

Abstract Background Orthognathic surgery can be carried out using isolated mandibular or maxillary movement and bimaxillary procedures. In cases of moderate skeletal malocclusion, camouflage treatment by premolar extraction is another treatment option. All these surgical procedures can have a different impact on the soft tissue profile. Methods The changes in the soft tissue profile of 187 patients (Class II: 53, Class III: 134) were investigated. The treatment approaches were differentiated as follows: Class II: mandible advancement (MnA), bimaxillary surgery (MxS/MnA), upper extraction (UpEX), or Class III: maxillary advancement (MxA), mandible setback (MnS), bimaxillary surgery (MxA/MnS), and lower extraction (LowEX) as well as the extent of skeletal deviation (moderate Wits appraisal: − 7 mm to 7 mm, pronounced: Wits <− 7 mm, > 7 mm, respectively). This resulted in five groups for Class II treatment and seven groups for Class III treatment. Results In the Class II patients, a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between UpEX and moderate MnA was found for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), and mentolabial angle (Pog’-B′-Li). In the Class III patients, a statistically significant differences (p ≤ 0.05) occurred between LowEX and moderate MxA for facial profile (N′-Prn-Pog’), soft tissue profile (N′-Sn-Pog’), upper and lower lip distacne to esthetic line (Ls/Li-E-line), and lower lip length (Sto-Gn’). Only isolated significant differences (p < 0.05) were recognized between the moderate surgical Class II and III treatments as well between the pronounced Class III surgeries. No statistical differences were noticed between moderate and pronounced orthognathic surgery. Conclusions When surgery is required, the influence of orthognathic surgical techniques on the profile seems to be less significant. However, it must be carefully considered if orthognathic or camouflage treatment should be done in moderate malocclusions as a moderate mandibular advancement in Class II therapy will straighten the soft tissue profile much more by increasing the facial and soft tissue profile angle and reducing the mentolabial angle than camouflage treatment. In contrast, moderate maxillary advancement in Class III therapy led to a significantly more convex facial and soft tissue profile by decreasing distances of the lips to the E-Line as well as the lower lip length.

scholarly journals THE INFLUENCE OF THE SAGITTAL DENTOSKELETAL PATTERN ON THE VALUE OF THE SOFT TISSUE PROFILE ANGLES - A CEPHALOMETRIC STUDY

2019 ◽  
pp. 048
Author(s):  
Tatjana Perović ◽  
Milena Blažej ◽  
Ivan Jovanović
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Lower Face ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Division 1 ◽  
Cephalometric Study ◽  
Class Ii Division 1

The aim of this study has been to establish the values of soft tissue profile angles in subjects with dentoskeletal Class I, Class II Division 1, Class II Division 2, and Class III pattern, in order to examine the influence of sagittal dentoskeletal relation on the value of angular profile parameters. This comparative cephalometric study included the examination and the analysis by lateral cephalograms to evaluate soft tissue profile angles for 120 adult Caucasian subjects (60 women and 60 men) from the mid Balkan region divided into four groups towards ANB angle and incisors inclination. The following angles were examined: angle of facial convexity, facial convexity angle for the lower face and the angle of total facial convexity. By investigating the influence of the sagittal dentoskeletal pattern on the value of facial convexity angles, significant differences have been established between subjects with Class I and Class II Division 1 and 2 for all examined angles (p<0.001; p=0.011), while the differences between Class I and Class III are only significant for the facial convexity angle and facial convexity angle for the lower face, while the differences in the overall facial convexity angle are not significant (p=0.067). There are significant differences between subjects for all examined angles except the total facial convexity angle between Class I and Class III.

scholarly journals Pleasantness of facial profile and its correlation with soft tissue cephalometric parameters: Perception of orthodontists and lay people

2015 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 352-355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldo Eugênio Marchiori ◽  
Leonardo Oliveira Sodré ◽  
Tereza Cristina Rodrigues da Cunha ◽  
Fernando César Torres ◽  
Henrique Damian Rosário ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Kappa Statistics ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Facial Profile ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Young Females ◽  
Lay People ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
The Difference

ABSTRACT Objective: This study was aimed to evaluate the perception of orthodontists and of lay people about the facial profile and its possible correlation with cephalometrics parameters. Materials and Methods: A total of 20 evaluators were divided into two groups (10 orthodontists and 10 people with no relation to such area – lay people). They were asked to evaluate the photographs of 25 young males and of 25 young females, aged 17–24-year-old (mean age of 22.3 years, standard deviation 2.41 years). Photographs were randomly arranged in a photo album. The evaluators rated each photograph by means of a scale ranging from “good” to “deficient” based on the pleasantness of their facial profile. Nasolabial angle, Holdaway's H-line and the distance from H-line to nose tip were measured, in order to verify a possible relation between these soft tissue profile cephalometric measurements and the subjective ratings. Results: The kappa statistics test showed a concordance of 0.23 among orthodontists and 0.24 among lay people. Regarding the perception of orthodontists and lay people on facial profile, no significant divergence could be detected. For the correlation between cephalometric parameters and subjective ratings, there was a statistically significant correlation between the measures H and H-nose and the rating ascribed to the profile. Conclusions: It was concluded that smaller the difference from the normal cephalometric pattern, the higher was the rating given to the profile, demonstrating an important relation between subjective and objective criteria.

scholarly journals Cephalometric norms for Sri Lankan Sinhalese adolescents with Class I malocclusion

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 230-234
Author(s):  
Nishanthi Vithanaarachchi ◽  
L. S. Nawarathna
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Racial Differences ◽  
Class I ◽  
Sri Lankan ◽  
Lower Incisor ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Different Populations

Context: Comprehensive cephalometric analysis plays a significant role in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment planing and variety of cephalometric standards have been developed for different populations. It is important to develop standard cephalometric norms for different populations. Aims: The aim of this study was to develop cephalometric standards for Sri Lankan Sinhalese adolescents with Class I malocclusion and to test the hypothesis that there are racial differences in cephalometric measurements between Sri Lankan and Caucasian norms. Setting and Design: Cross sectional , hospital based, descriptive study. Materials and Methods: Lateral cephalograms were obtained from 33 males (aged 15.7 ± 1.99 years) and 42 females (aged 15.6 ± 2.29 years). Inclusion criteria were healthy individuals with normal growth and development, straight facial profile, average vertical facial proportions, full complement of dentition (excluding third molars), normal overjet and overbite, Class I incisor, canine and molar relationship, and no crossbite in the anterior/posterior region. Eight angular and four linear measurements were analyzed in skeletal, dental, and soft-tissue assessment. Statistical Analysis Used: Statistical analysis was performed using the statistical software R 3.5.0. Results: In the dentoalveolar assessment, the Sri Lankan subjects had a significantly proclined upper (UI to N-A = 23.28) and lower incisor (LI to N-B = 6.56 mm and 28.3) inclinations compared with the Caucasian norms. In the assessment of soft-tissue profile, both upper (1.66 ± 2.7mm) and lower lip (2.8 ± 2.6mm) protrusions were slightly increased than the norms of the Steiner analysis, and these findings were clinically significant. There were no apparent differences in relation to anteroposterior and vertical skeletal relationship when compared with Caucasian norms. Conclusions: The results of the present study suggested that Sri Lankan Sinhalese adolescents with Class I occlusion are likely to present greater incisor proclination than Caucasians. Key Messages: The present study suggested that Sri Lankan Sinhalese adolescents are likely to present greater incisor proclination than Caucasians in Class 1 malocclusion.

Correlation of ANB, Beta and Yen angle with soft tissue profile angle in class I and class II patients: A retrospective cephalometric study.

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
Dr. Chandrika G Katti ◽  
Dr. Girish Katti ◽  
Dr. Archana Mohan ◽  
Dr. Ashok Kumar Talapaneni ◽  
Dr. Prasad Konda
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Class I ◽  
Profile Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Skeletal Pattern ◽  
Beta Angle ◽  
Maxilla And Mandible ◽  
Cephalometric Study

In orthodontics, various methods of assessing sagittal jaw base relationship areformulated.Earlier, skeletal pattern was analysed only clinically, with the introduction of Cephalometrics by Broadbent and Hofrath in 1931, ANB angle and Beta angle are being used to describe skeletal discrepancies between the maxilla and mandible. YEN angle is also used as a sagittal dysplasia indicator after its introduction in 2009. The aim of our study was tocorrelate ANB, Beta and Yen angle with soft tissue profile angle in class I and class II patientsTotal of 140 lateral cephalograms of class I and class II patients were selected based on soft tissue profile angle. In each cephalogram, ANB, Beta and YEN angle were measured and compared with soft tissue profile angle. Statistical analysis carried out. Our study concluded that soft tissue drape in both Class I and class II individuals are not significantly correlated with skeletal alignment of maxilla and mandible.

scholarly journals DENTOSKELETAL, SOFT TISSUE AND AIRWAY EFFECTS OF THE ADVANSYNC2 IN PATIENTS WITH CLASS II DIV 1 MANDIBULAR RETROGNATHISM: A RETROSPECTIVE STUDY

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Pasupureddi Keerthana ◽  
Prasad Chitra
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Class Ii ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Class Ii Malocclusion ◽  
Lower Lip ◽  
Skeletal Class Ii ◽  
Nasolabial Angle ◽  
Soft Tissue Profile ◽  
Lateral Cephalograms ◽  
Mandibular Retrognathism

Objective: To evaluate dentoskeletal, soft tissue and airway changes in Class II malocclusion patients treated with AdvanSync2 Class II corrector in conjunction with fixed appliances. Methods: Forty-five subjects with skeletal and dental Class II malocclusion requiring fixed functional therapy were included. Pre-treatment cephalograms served as control group (Group 1), post treatment cephalograms of patients treated using AdvanSync2, as experimental group (Group 2). Changes in skeletal, dental, soft tissue profile and airway were analyzed on lateral cephalograms using 21 variables from multiple cephalometric analysis. Results were tabulated and data was analyzed using Wilcoxon signed rank test for linear parameters and paired student t test for angular parameters. Results: Maxillary skeletal and dental effects included restriction of growth, upper incisor retrusion and retroclination at p<0.001. Mandibular incisors proclined during treatment. Forward mandibular relocation was noted, though not statistically significant. Upper and lower lip repositioning was achieved, establishing lip competency. Changes in Z angle and nasolabial angle were positive, reducing facial convexity. Significant airway dimensional improvements were noted. Conclusion: AdvanSync2 Class II corrector was effective in treating skeletal Class II malocclusions with mandibular retrognathism. It produced its effects mainly through maxillary restriction and mandibular dentoalveolar changes which furthermore helped in achieving good soft tissue profiles in patients. Positive airway changes were also noted.

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